110 
MOOK38S ftBEAL MEW-YO: 
horse being differently constituted and construct- is diligent in business when any important work I have no doubt if one knew the proper quantity (fori believe in the old sayinn- offending the 
ed, and designed by our Creator for a different is to be done, and on stormy days is either found to apply, once doing would be sufficient; but corn before it is planted;) ground all ready, pro- 
purpose, from that intended for the horned tribe, in his shop repairing some broken tools, or putting better err on the safe side, and not apply too cure good seed, and if it is late soak it in warm 
called cattle, it must follow that he needB different them in order fora pleasant day; and when this much at once. water with a little saltpetre and copperas from 
care and treatment, to comply with the require- work is accomplished, the library or reading-room After the sheep are cured, they ought either to twenty to thirty-six hours; then roll it in plaster 
ments of nature, which strongly contend that he is resorted to, thus storing his mind with useful he sold or removed from the farm until another and plant immediately. If 1 drill it I have the 
knowledge, pertaining doubtless to agriculture 
and the news of the day. There are many farmers 
that take agricultural papers, and generally make 
called cattle, it must follow that he needs different 
care and treatment, to comply with the require¬ 
ments of nature, which strongly contend that he 
should hold a high, dry, warm, and well ventilated, 
position, to secure his greatest comfort and 
health. This, I suppose, Is “Subscriber’s” object 
In keeping horses, as recommended by G. M. 
Reynolds, for keeping cattle, a strong vapor and 
warmth would arise from fermentation, which 
would be bad for their feet and general health. 
The “Stable Book,” in speaking of damp stables, 
says:—“Here it is we expect to find horses with 
bad eyes, coughs, greasy heels, swelled legs, 
much at once. 
After the sheep are cured, they ought either to 
be sold or removed from the farm until another 
wintor passes; it would not be safe to bring on 
sheep sooner. The fences, large stones, stumps 
and trees, or anything the diseased sheep can 
it a point to examine them thoroughly ; but when rub against, will affect sound ones, or themselves, 
they come to a piece that is applicable to their even, after they arc cared. 
(fori believe in the old saying of tending the ♦ i< i ^ 11 
corn before it is planted;) ground all ready, pro- '•vQvXLlXlXllvCU. 
care good seed, and if it is late, soak it in warm ____ 
water with a little saltpetre and copperas, from . 
hour.; then ro.l Hi, pla^r .rTZJZZt Tu' 
an p an immediately. If 1 drill it, I have the response to a late article in’the N. Y. Tribune on the 
rows three to four feet apart, according to the subject of “ Western Debts and Repudiation It is sen- 
strength of the ground, with the hills from twelve sarcastic, and witbal " plucky ”—just what any 
to fifteen inches apart, two stalks to the hill, if one, who has lived in the West and knows its people, will 
case, many of them will either lay the paper one 
side, or turn the leaf over quicker than usual, 
without knowing what idea the author intended 
to convey, and by ho doing remain in ignorance 
Near Geneva, N. Y 
Jons Johnston. 
MAKING CHEESE IN WINTER. 
Eds. Rural New Yorker:—T. Curtis “would 
bad eyes, cougbu, greasy heels, swelled legs, on whatever subject might prove to be of great Eds. Rural New-Yorker:—T. Curtis “ would 
mange, and a long, rough, dry, staring coat, value to them, if it had fieen read and rightly like to know if anybody ever made cheese in 
which no grooming can cure.” Bo far as my considered. winter?” Certainly—that is “nothing new under 
limited experience goes, I find this to be true. I The next thing to be looked to is your team, the sun.” We have, for several years, made 
I check-row it, I have the rows about three and a 
half feet each way, with from three to five stalks 
in the hill, according to the quality of the 
ground. I generally plant about one-third more 
corn than I intend to let grow, (for it is much 
easier to pall up or cut down than itis to replace;) 
endorse. After quoting from Mr. Greeley's article—in 
which those embarrassed are advised to surrender their 
property to creditors, “ with tbe least possible cost and 
delay, and go to work with unfettered hands and nothing 
in them’’—the farmer “pitches into” the philosopher 
right handsomely, pronouncing his logic stupid, and 
demonstrating its assertion by cogent illustrations and 
when the corn is three inches high, take two large arguments. Considering the Tribune's article both 
horses and a largo harrow, knock out the center no J t n ,t!Uld ""charitable, (judging from our own knowl- 
considered. winter?” Certainly—that is “nothing new under teeth, straddle each row, let a boy follow with a ,,3 f f0 of t,ie and ils tin Bl» d to see 
The next thing to be looked to is your team, the sun.” We have, for several years, made dung or potato hook, and throw the clods ofT the J hl * manl ^ " nd caustic reply from an able and influential 
e. . . . s * r tmirnnl dm /ml tr v/.dm.! »in 1,..—,. 4.. __ i.. fa. 
will, furthermore, give my opinion on stable Bee that they arc well und healthy, and in proper cheese in small quantities in early winter, and 
building. A stable for horses should be built so condition to perform the labor you require. If find it an excellent plan, not only on account of 
Hint it may he kept dry aud avoid dampness. It they arc poor in flesh, and you have not the ma- the absence of flies, but the advantage of cold in 
should, also, by SO const ructed as to exclude every terial to put them in good condition, buy of your keeping milk until asuflicient quantity is obtained 
particle of air, and yet obtaiu perfect ventilation neighbors, or some one else, and have them in to make a large cheese. If all the cream is put in. 
when desired, which Is as essential to the horse as good working orih-r before you commence hard and the cheese pressed and cured in a warm 
pure air is to man. As for cattle, a stable, with a work. A man that calculates to do bis spring’s place, it will be as good as any made in summer, 
good cellar under it, is very convenient in the work by feeding little or no grain to his team, is If not cured In a place warm enough to keep soft, 
way of cleaning, by having a moveable plank in laboring under a areal disadvantage; as I know it will be bitter, and, of conrse, not good. Where 
the rear of the cattle. It is also good for keeping, by experience, that, a good spun of horses fed 24 an open flre-place is in constant use, a shelf, hung 
saving, making, and retaining manures—and ss it quarts of oat and corn meal per day, will thrive in the cellar close to the ceiling, directly under 
the Improved horschoes. In order to secure corn 
und fodder both, it is a good plan to cut it up as 
soon as the outside of the hnsk becomes dry,” 
iiuaitK-MM Qualities of the Fanner. 
The thongbtful farmer may find a bint of 
value in the following, from Charles Betts, in the 
the Tribune's fool-hardy ail vice and give up in (Impair 
his homestead and property to creditors to whom it 
would not he worth one half as mucji ns to him. Such 
advice is lost when addressed to Western men, who are 
proverbial for both pluck and enterprise, and unworthy 
the philosopher’s reputation for discrimination. The 
Farmer , in its reply, makes some palpable hits, remind¬ 
ing the reader very forcibly of the adage about people 
who reside io crystal domicils. 
I a 1 * L , * V ... . p o ' -- ’ VI VUV uwpgc auuui pcUjlUJ 
does not freeze, can be hauled during the winter with careful usage, and not only be in better con- the hearth, is an excellent place to cure winter- * ,ht0 tu,rmrT who reside io crystal domicils. 
season, which is no small consideration,—for by dition when the work is over, but will perform made cheese. Can milk be produced cheapor and “ If tbc fftmer needs an y two qualities, it is _ ^_ 
drawing out manure before the breaking up of the same labor, in the same time, that two teams of better quality, in winter, us T. Claris affirms? f 0Trrasi ami/wee—qualities which will enable him thr California Farmer l, » 
spring, you are ready, as soon as the ground 
becomes settled, to put the plow forward with all 
possible dispatch. n. a. k. 
Clinton, N. Y., 1800. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— A few weeks ago 
there was an Inquiry io the Rural as to whether 
it was healthy for horses to stand in the stable 
with cattle. I will state what 1 know upon the 
subject, for the benefit of the inquirer, and for 
such others of the readers of your paper as may 
desire such information, and then I will make an 
inquiry, hoping that some one will gratify ine in 
return. 
I built a barn, 40 by 42 feet, three years ago last 
snnimer. There is a basement under it, and as it 
is in a side hill, three sides of the basement are 
above ground. T prepared this basement for 
stabling thirty cows, but as I had no stables for 
my horses, in the place that I had fixed for three 
cows, I made two stalls for horses. 1 have kept 
twenty-seven rows and two horses in that base¬ 
ment the past four winters; and it never lias been 
cold enough therein to freeze potatoes standing 
in one corner, in open barrels. There have been 
but few' days or nights so cold that I have not kept 
a small upper door opeu. There are nine large 
windows, und live doors, in the basement, so that 
I can easily ventilate, which I do freely, when the 
weather will answer. Now, in this warm stable, 
and together, I think, both my horses and cows 
have been equally as healthy as when kept sepa¬ 
rate and in cooler quarters. 
The Inquiry that I wish to make is this:—As 
my bam stands on a side hill, I can, with a very 
little trouble, prepare a place under the stable, 
very convenient to get at, to drop in tho manure. 
Some say, by nil means, make it, and others say, 
such a body of manure, directly under tbo cattle, 
will make it unhealthy for them. Will some that 
have practiced, for winters in succession, letting 
the manure thus drop under the stables, and 
remain there until the following summer, as I 
should want to, give their opinion to the readers 
fad only on hfty and poor feed would do it in. Hamilton Co., Ohio, 1800. P. F . to look forward into the comtng years, and lay tiro paper, especially in iteadvertising department. j™«t 
The same Is applicable to oxen, as well as horses. As T. Curtis is, no doubt, willing to assume b ' 8 P' ans ) and ,ben ' a vigor which will over- this last allusion should seem a reflection upon Its clever 
To formers that have not the money to purchase the defence of opinions advanced over his own r3<3e ab obsta(ib -‘ 8 > push them into execution. In editor, Colonel Warren— or hi* (wo doubt not) more 
grain, let them plow for their neighbors a few signature, we leave the query of P. F. in his hands any buainC8S wherc investments are made to-day, (l ««' partner, “ Luhsik W/ley Warren, m. n , Kdi- 
days; and by so doing, they can accumulate for solution.—I5n. and returns reaped to-morrow, reliance Is chiefly will hereinafter expldn. Tho Farmer is a 
enough money to buy. I will say, in conclusion, -__ ba8etI on r( -' ud >’ capital, and the circumstances of If'f® ° B . . , qUar *’° r * 1 “ rs “ r thft " the 
see that you are well prepared for Spring Labor r? , c r ,, T , the hour. But the case with the farmer is differ- &nau ^7 t 3fJ sUinonUi. ''it on!\ pabl,i ' h " d ••j* 01 
and by so doing, yon may save many dollars by ftttral SflUL of tl)C ent. He must exercise forethought; his calcula ftn dw«’trnst (t does both editor and reader.* Hut tothe 
the operation. E . L . B . --- tlon8 mu8t raa through a series Of years; and, to explanation. The advertisements are numerous and 
North Ohili, N. Y., 1800. Thc Good Points of a llog. be successful, lie has many collateral influences attractive-many of them ilhwtiated and otherwise dis- 
—--. A writer in an English paper gives the fol- to weigh, and in extensive operations a complies- played ami elongated. The last two numberswhleli have 
FARM FENCING lowing as the points of a good hog: tion of inllueuoes which require for their proper l ’ l>ft ri)ed us are particularly noticeable in this respect— 
- 1. Sufficient depth of carcass, and such an adjustment and direction, tho highest skill, judg- o* 1 ® cont4,mn R ovor 19 colnmus (nearly 4 pages) ofadver- 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:-B y your permis- elongation of the body as will insure a sufficient aBd forethought His success like one of L"£rlnUim^ 
sion, I wish to offer a few thoughts and suggestions lateral expansion. Let tho loin and chest he thoso mysterious and almost stranger planets, rafU or whk . h ooeupiog over n , wt(y , r/uar , ’ 
upon the subject of farm fencing, to the readers broad - The breadth of the latter denotes good tabc8 OVOr a varying course, and is sometimes space; The rate* of advertising are not given, but if 
of your excellent paper. The greater part of the room for play of the lungs, and a consequent free loBtt °view. But, if ho is a true Le Verrier, he they correspond with the price of subscription, the 
fences of our country arc of the zig-zag pattern, a ! ,d healthy circulation, essential to the thriving wiI1 count, and weigh, and demonstrate, the hear- Colonel must b« in clover. With such nn example, (and 
and any observing man will not fail to see that or fattening of any animal. The bone should he iu £ of ub controlling causes, and, with master lnasmucl1 our terms arc so low an to 
there is a great waste of timber in their constrnc- 8,nal1 and the joints fine; nothing Is more indica ability, usher in the grand result.” a,r ° rd u * bUle or r ‘° l ,rolit .) are almost persuaded to 
tion. He will also notice a considerable amount tiveofliigh breeding than this; and tho legs should now io Preserve Fence Posts. hereafter 1 " . . . * n 1 ' 1 ‘ URAL > 
of land in the corners, which cannot be readied bc no longer than, when fully fat, would just pie- At a recent meeting of the Farmers’ Club, in _ 
by the plow or other implements of cultnre, and venttheanimal’sbodyfrom trailingontheground. Hudson, N. Y., one of the members exhibited a ax “Air-I’rkssurb Churn"— a recent i 
unless great care be taken, will eventually be The Ie « ia thc lcaat profitable portion of tho hog, post which, previous to being placed in the described and commended by the 'Tyibun^lt^lyr- 
lllled with brush, briars, weeds, Ac.,—a pest and and we require no more of it than is absolutely ground, had been soaked in a solution of blue “This new churn will make more, and better butter, 
an eye-sore. A remedy for these evils, one within necessary for the rest. vitriol —one pound of vitriol being used to from a given quantity of cream, than any other we have 
reach of nil, and, without undue expense, will cer- 2> Ree that thc feet be firm and sound; that tbe twenty quarts of water. The post was pine, and “ v, ' r seen, and in a reasonable time, usually less than 
tainly be appreciated. I would propose as a sub- toes lie well together, and press straightly upon when taken up was as sound us when first put half an hour - Nor it any machinery to adjust or 
stitute for the old ziz-zag rail fence, a post and the ground, as also that the claws are even, up- down eight years since. The solution is good for 1,1 on,er ’ nnd not,liu s a pto", smooth barrel, 
rail fence, as requiring fur less timber for its right and healthy. Many say that the form of the a 'l kinds of timber exposed to the woathor— and out, to keep clean. A child can (ill it, churn 
construction, as well as less space on which to head S* of little or no consequence, and that a spouts, shingles, stakes, beun poles, Ac. 'TL-'," 'n l' ** U ! a “ 
, 1 ,, . • , , , . 1 mt a bucket of water. It lias no dasher, but is hirnnly a 
stand - * K° 0d ho * ma y ba ™ “ bcaJ ; ba *‘ l regard --—-. plain barrel, of any required six*, hung upon iron pivots 
The fences of this style hereabouts, are con- the head of all animals as one of thc very princi- ?nnntriect rmi'I ^ m-mci-a in “ £rame - and ra “ dn 10 revolve end ovor end by a crank, 
structed thus: — Posts are set the required depth, I ,al points in which pure and impure breeding JMIl|Ult Iti) UIIU ^XllSUina. the cream dashing back and forth. One end of the bar- 
E. L. B. 
Hural Spirit of tl)£ ^rcss. 
Good Points of a llog. 
ing of all controlling causes, and, with master 
ability, usher in the grand result.” 
How to Preserve Fence Posts. 
At a recent meeting of the Farmers’ Club, in 
Hudson, N. Y., one of the members exhibited a 
poBt which, previous to being placed in the 
racu 01 wmcli occupies over ninety square, inches of 
space! The rates of advertising are not given, hut if 
they correspond with the price of subscription, the 
Colonel must be in clover. With such nn example, (and 
inasmuch as our subscription terms are so low as to 
afford us little or no prolit,) we are almost persuaded to 
give a little more space to advertising in the Rural, 
hereafter. 
Ax “ Air-I’kkssurk Churn "—a recent invention—is 
described and commended by the Tribune. It says:— 
“This new churn will make more, and better butter, 
from a given quantity of cream, than any other we have 
Inquiries anir ^Insmcrs. 
and about eight, feet apart, then rails are nailed 
to these, the one end on thc right side of the first 
post, and the other on the left side of thc second, 
and so on. About six rails, of the ordinary width, 
are required for each panel ,— rails are cut nine 
feet in length. Oak is generally used for the rails, 
will be the moM. obviously indicated. A high 
bred animal will invariably be found to arrive 
Painting Hooks. —As I am about to re-roof some 
buildings the present season, I wish to make thin timely 
tn..ni n >. . «... .. I.. ...I. .. I . .L 1 . . . .* 
more speedily at maturity, to turn out more prof- im l alr J r,f J , ° ur 1,1,1 fHemls. whether it would be profit- 
.. . . . „ i.i - , »Wq to paint the roof or out.—I waot ^xperieoet* raid 
ltably than one of questionable or impure stock, not tbeorv, to answer. My plan would he, ming the 
and snch being the case, 1 consider that the head of h0 ®v, oek «l 1 ' n g'' , s *" l«y on one course, and have a 
., - * , . . 4 , , pjimtcr foliaw with u. jmiut injute of pood linseed oii and 
I lii. ' i i i nr i u (xtr t\ r\ m imnc n ■ ■ a. I • • f !/■ 1 ..1 , . - . , . 
the hog is by no means a point to be overlooked 
na\e practiced, lor winters in succession, letting and locust for posts, Tho fence will have a neater the purchaser. The description of head 
the manure thus drop undei the stables, and appearance if the rails are all on one side of the nioBt likely to promise, or rather to be concoml- 
remaln there until the following summer, as I ) Jllt ;t requires more care and labor, and tantofhigh breeding, is not one carrying heavy 
should want to, give their opinion to the readers ft j 80 broader posts. Perhaps I should mention bone, not too flat on the fofehead, or possessing 
of the Rural, ot its eflect upon the health of the two ot jj Cr good qualities, viz., neatness and dura- to ° a snout; thc snout should be short, and 
J. Cole. 
cattle? 
Carmel, Putnam Co., N. Y,, 1800. 
PREPARE FOR SPRING. 
Now is the time, farmers, to prepare for spring 
and summer labor. Sec that all of your tools are 
in order, such as rakes, forks, hoes, shovels, ma¬ 
chines, Ac.., and everything that you will want for 
use through the busy season that is now ap¬ 
proaching. Can you not think of some little job 
that will want doing very soon? And why not 
take time by the forelock, and do it Immediately, 
rather than put it off until necessity compels you 
to do the work. Did I not sec your plow and 
harrow laying by the road side, not long since, 
with one handle out of the former, and a number 
of teeth out of the latter, with their vacancies 
filled with pieces of wood? Now is the time to 
have these teeth replaced with new ones, and the 
remainder of them well sharpened, so ns to have 
the ground in good condition to receive the grain: 
also that missing plow handle replaced. All of 
these things can be looked to at present, and per¬ 
haps repaired by the smith or mechanic, for less 
money, now, than they could be when W’ork is 
more plenty with all of them. By putting your 
farming utensils in good order at present, when 
thc most of farmers are not very busy, you not 
only save labor, but have the satisfaction of being 
ready for work at any time; and, consequently, 
instead of work driving you, you drive the work. 
It is a practice too common among l'urmers to 
lay away a broken implement, or a dull scythe, 
never thinking it would want to he used anymore 
until a particular kind of work is to be performed, 
and then the question arises, where is that fork, 
hoe, rake, scythe, or machine; and is it in a con¬ 
dition to bc used? If it is, well and good; if not, 
a great effort is made to have it repaired, and 
perhaps the job not half finished in a w orkman¬ 
like manner; and then the work that was com¬ 
menced, if everything had been in order, might 
be completed in many instances, before the broken 
tool could be mended. Here is one instance out 
of many that might be referred to, where a per¬ 
son, by proper care and management, enn carry 
on farming successfully. 
J have seen farmers that had equal chances 
when they commenced business; the one, is al¬ 
ways complaining that farming never esm be 
made profitable—but this man is always, eapeci 
ally rainy days, found at the village, or corners, 
puffing his Havana, and seeing which can 
stretch the truth the furthest without breaking the 
string; while, on the contrary, the other person 
bility. the forehead rather convex, curving upward; und 
For this fence I claim nothing original, but * be ear 6 bould be, while pendulous, inclining 
only wish to see the cause of Agriculture advance, somewhat forward, and, at the same time, light 
Industry, Penn., 1880. r. Rnolk. and thin. Nor should the buyer pass even the 
»ome c!jo!i|> material,—say Spanisli brown,—and spread 
On a good coat. letting tlm finish pass freely "no and a 
half or two inches abort* uhere the bnts of the next 
course will come; then lav another course, letting the 
painter follow a* before, and so on nutil the roof is on — 
Hamckl Crowell, Center i Me, March. 1600. 
Firm Cultcrk.—W ill you, through the Kt: it At., name 
some good work on artificial propagation of flab, the 
price, .mil where to bn procured?—IV. P., Whitby, C. W 
C. it. Saxton, fUuKSK A C".. of Now York, publish a 
HEDGES FOR PROTECTION 
There is scarcely a question producing more 
anxiety in the practical farmer, than how he can, 
with economy and permanency, replace his decay¬ 
ing fences. Where timber und stones are wanting, 
It is already the conviction of the reflecting, that 
hedges of some material must he tried. In almost 
every field of experiment, ignorance and ill treat¬ 
ment have resulted in a failure, which failure lias 
been given to tbe world ns the legitimate result 
of careful experiment. Mr. B. planted some 
Osage Orange, hoping for a hedge, but left it 
without cultivation and pruning, to contend with 
grass and elders, and the result was given to the 
public with the conclusion that Osage Orange is 
wholly unnoted far hedging. Like experiments 
satisfy him, that it is better to do without all 
fruits, than to make farther efforts to raise them, 
because, as he says, bis “farm wont grow them." 
Through intelligence and skill, his next neigh¬ 
bor is rewarded with success in everything he 
undertakes. The occasional good hedges, and 
the testimony of their owners, demonstrate the 
valne of the Osage Orange. What the hopeful 
wish, is instruction in planting, cultivating, and 
pruning, founded upon experience. If the views 
of Turner and other writers on the Osage Orange, 
are sustained by practical farmers, good hedges 
will not long he a curiosity. Gentlemen, please 
give ns the facts. n. j. f. 
East Palmyra, N V., March, i860. 
--- 
REMEDY FOR SCAB IN SHEEP 
If your Pennsylvania friend whose sheep have 
the scab, will get mercurial ointment, (generally 
called blue ointment,) take a pair of sheep shears, 
lift tip a little of the skin of the sheep with the 
thumb and finger, clip into thc skin so that he can 
turn it a little back, then rub in a little c<f the oint- 
menton the part ol the skinlifted off turn i ack the 
skin on its place again—he may do this on three 
or four places on the sheep's back, or perhaps 
some about the neck or shoulders,—! think there 
is no doubt of a cure, but he must do so with 
every sheep in the Hock, whether it has scab or 
not. and be must not put on much ointment, or he 
may kill the sheep. He had better experiment 
with a few at first He may have to apply the 
remedy once a fortnight for several times,although ' 
somewhat forward, and, at the same time, light work on Fish Culture; price $1 
and thin. Nor should the buyer pass even the growing tohac^i am obliged to do everything on 
carriage of u pig. If this he dull, heavy and de- uonndl scale, but I tr.v, by ui>inp my own judgment and 
Ici'ted rei'pet him on snvnicinn of ill beitlfL :< noticing the experiments and observations ol others, to 
jeaea, reject mm on suspicion ol ill health, ll not nutkf . tarming very profitable, even on a email scale,- 
II f 1 ' 1 . -t Vt A A it>t ,1 J.l . Lt .1 .1 I j-. . n.l n*. ,k ,, 4 i . 11 .. .-.’-At.. - Ul, Ot I .1 .. _ i K . u*. I i I I, ,, . .. * . 4 i* S , 
of some concealed disorder actually existing, or 
just about to break forth; and there cannot be a 
nfcre unfortunate symptom than a hang-down, 
slouching h/md. Of conrse, a fat hog for slaugh¬ 
ter. or a sow heavy with young, has not much 
sprightiiucsB of deportment. 
Advantages of a Heavy Soil. 
A nORRKSfONDENT of the Country Gentleman 
thus writes to that journal:—“A clay soil, well 
under-drained, is undoubtedly the most perfect 
soil in existence. I have heard cultivators say 
that they did not want a soil that needed any arti¬ 
ficial drainage; in other words, they desired one 
so light and porous that the water could not be 
lung retained by it. Long experience has led me 
to a very different conclusion. \ porons soil will 
not retain manure long enough to become as fer¬ 
tile as I wish, and the cost of frequent nuinurings 
which it must receive, if I get large crops, is not 
a small item. On the other hand, a heavy or 
strong loam will hold for a great while all it gets. 
But unless a heavy soil has a porous subsoil, 
which is very rare, it will not allow the water to 
drain off so readily as good farming requires,— 
passing, as it must, during this drainage, across 
the whole breadth of a large, sloping field. But 
every disadvantage is removed if wc tile drain it, 
—the manure is retained, and the water flows 
quickly off \Yc must not expect to find a perfect 
soil to order. I once asked one of the most skillful 
und eminent cultivators in this country, what was 
the relative value of a decidedly sandy soil, and 
a strong or clayey loam. His answer was, “If 
you give a hundred dollars au acre for the sandy, 
you can afford to give two hundred dollars for the 
strong loam; for you can do whatever you like 
with it. Manure will enrich it to any extent you 
wish; and by complete tile drainage, you can ren¬ 
der it fit for any U3e.” 
Jlmv to Grow Corn. 
A. H. Wens, of Mt. Gilead, states iu the Ohio 
Farmer, that he has never failed in raising more 
than the average crop of the county, by pursu¬ 
ing the following course: 
“ When the ground is dry enough, (and not till 
then,) go in with a good team, a good steel plow, 
a good plowman, and plow deep, and turn the 
ground well over; in the proper season, when the 
ground becomes dry and warm, harrow thoroughly 
enough mi, at least, iu satisfy nn- that it pays to no what- which they may become auxiliaries. The I.evLUture is 
X iAS S&a- « &st r k :, d • *"*">«“* »M» .. Hr 
tobacco last seaaon, whether it is thought by them to ! >rcs, -*iit State Society, aud that a just and liberal 
pay, their mode of rolturn. bow much seed to the acre, appropriation be made to such District Societies aa are 
Inside aud out, to keep cteau. A child can (ill it, churn 
it, empty it, wash it, with less xtrength tbau it take* to 
lift a bucket of water. It lias no dasher, but is simply a 
plain barrel, of any required size, hung upon iron pivots 
in a frame, and made to revolve end over end by a crank, 
the cream dashing back and forth. One end of the bar¬ 
rel is made moveable and convenient to take off, and is 
fastened only by a thnmb-screw, air-tight. After the 
cream is put in, and the cover fastened down, a small air- 
pump la attached, und the barrel charged with air, and 
then revolved. Without attempting a reason, we will 
say that this a-rifying has a remarkable and beneficial 
effect upon the cream, and apparently improves the 
quantity and quality of the butter. 1 ’ 
District Ag’l Societies in California.—T he loca¬ 
tion of the California State Fair for I860 at Sacramento, 
appears to have given great dissatisfaction. An Agricul¬ 
tural Convention was held at San Francisco, Feb. 24tb, 
composed of prominent agriculturists opposed to the 
management of the State Society. The Couventmn 
recommended the division of th>’ State into seven District 
Agricultural Societie-.. to Which the County Societies 
therein may become auxiliary Societies, with a view to 
forming a State Society on the part of the Districts to 
w hich they may become auxiliaries. The Legislature is 
asked • to repeal the law appropriating $5,000 annually 
to the present State Society, and that a just and liberal 
ami whether It is thought to injure the land for othe» 
crops, what kind ot manure ir> used, tie. — A Young 
Farmer, Mulligan, March, 1860, 
We have several inquiries on this subject. Perhaps 
some of thc experienced growers will answer the above. 
Some time since w e published our views on the subject, 
and ono of tbo largest growers in this State wag go well 
now or may be organized, and may hold DUtrtct Fairs 
during the year I860.” 
Ownership the Great Stimulus. —The stimulus of 
proprietorship is undoubtedly the most powerful that can 
he applied to labor in any department, and especially 
pleased with our remarks, that he ordered a number of that of soil culture. Stuart Mill, one of the greatest 
extra copies to send to friends who wore constantly of modern writers on Political Economy, sums up in its 
making inquiries, to gave the trouble of writing letters, favor in this language:—“If there is a first principle in 
The maiu part of this we will re-publish, unless gotne of intellectual education, it is this—that the discipline 
our correspondents give the desired information. 
Potato Digger. —An Illinois correspondent wishes to 
find a Potato Digger—and to bo “put on the track” of 
the host, of course. Can't say which is the digger, but one 
was illustrated and described in the Rural of Sept. 10, 
1859—patented by ROBERT NlVK.v, of this city. Others 
were noticed in our last volume, and we shall chronicle 
future improvements. 
Wuite Wild Gkesh.—I n the Rural of January llth I 
raw an inquiry, signed K. W. K., in which the writer 
wishes to know if there are any white wild geese iu this 
country. A friend of mine told me last week that he 
saw one in a large dock of the common black ones, Hying 
about tho Dig Prairie in Wayne Co., within a few days. 11 
wag snow white, and was seen by several of his neighbors. 
Ducks, geese, and swans, frequent that place. My au¬ 
thor, Mautin D Tanner, shot a swan there last winter, 
which I prepared, and have yet.— Thomas Bushnell, 
IlayesvilU , Ohio, I860. 
Tin: Butcher Bird. —in your paper, just received, I 
observe nn inquiry from W. H. GaeuXLR, of Amboy, 111, 
for tbe name of “ a curious bird." From bis description 
of it* habits I take it to be tbe Great American Shrike, 
or Batcher Bird, (Faniue borealis , of Yicu.i.OT.j Wil¬ 
son, in )iis Ornithology, says:—“The habit of the Shrike, 
of seising aud impaling grasshoppers and other insects 
on thorns, has given rise to an opinion that he ptaces 
their carcasses there by way of baits, to allure small 
birds to them, while he lies in ambush to surprise and 
destroy them. In this, however, they appear to allow 
him a greater portion of reason aud contrivance than he 
seems entitled to, or than other circumstances will alto¬ 
gether warrant, for we liud that he not only serves 
grasshoppers in this manner, but even small birds them¬ 
selves, as those have assured me who have kept them in 
cages iu this country, nnd amused themselves with their 
maneuvers. If so. we might as well suppose the farmer 
to be inviting crows to bis corn, when he hangs op their 
carcasses around it, as the Butcher Bird t<> be decoying 
small birds by a display of the dead bodies of their com¬ 
rades.' - — John 1. HUMPDEKYS, Yates Co ., K V . I860. 
which does good to the mind is that in which the mind 
is active, not that in which it is passive. The secret tor 
developing the faculties is to give them much to do, ajid 
much inducements to do it. Few things surpass, in this 
respect, the occupations and interests created by the 
ownership aud Cultivation of laud.” A Swiss statistical 
writer speaks of the “almost superhuman industry of 
peasant proprietors” Al’TiiuR Young says, 1 It is the 
magic of property which turns sand into gold,” Miche¬ 
let says it acts tike a ruling passion upon the peasantry 
of France, and that, in Flanders, the peasant cultivation 
ig affirmed to produce heavier crops in equal circum- 
gtancees of soil than the best cultivated districts of 
England and Scotland. 
The Thorough-ureo Horse •• Consternation," sold 
to a Kentucky breeder two or three years ago, has been 
re-purchased by Maj. Burnet, and brought buck to this 
State, Tbe stock of this celebrated imported horse is 
said to be remarkably promising, and this has induced his 
re-purchase, “ Consternation ” Is to be kept at the 
stable of Gen. Burroughs, Medina, Orleans Co , tbe 
present season, as many of our Westere New York read¬ 
ers w ill be glad to learn. See advertisement. 
Cladding's Horse Pitch-Fork is a very valuable 
labor-saving apparatus, and we take pleasure in com¬ 
mending it to the attention of tko.-e who have any con¬ 
siderable amount of hay to mow or stack. It will save 
both time and back-ache, and prove a great desideratum 
in the busy season of haying, it is now placed within 
reach ol the farmers of Western New York, as will be 
seen by reference to an advertisement in this paper. 
Wheat at the West and Southwest. — We are in 
receipt of unfavorable accounts of the wheat crop at the 
West and Southwest. Illinois correspondents speak of 
great injury from frost. The Valley Farmer states that 
“ all the late gown wheat in Alabama, East Tennessee, 
aud Southern Kentucky, has suffered severely from the 
frosts of last December Tbe early sown wheat is look¬ 
ing well, however, and gives promise of a good crop.” 
