« wv-r 
jtaUL* 
apples, I hesitate not to say it has no equal on the 
continent. The sizo ami llavor of Orogon apples 
is superior to anything I have ever seen elsewhere. 
The climate here is much milderthan in the* same 
latitude on the Atlantic const. Wild (lowers 
bloom every month in the year. In the southern 
portion of this State the fanners plant com in 
February; and here they sow at the same time, 
wheat, oats, and barley. Strawberries and green 
peas sometimes deck the tables at Christinas; and 
by the middle of March the almond and peach 
tree aro in full bloom. Potatoes often lie undttg 
through the winter, and do not suffer from frost. 
The natural and philosophic causes for this wide 
difference in climate will be explained in my 
next. s. n. k. 
defile, between high hills on either hand, about 
half a mile apart. This entrance is called the 
“ Golden Gale.' 1 It is never hot in San Fran¬ 
cisco,— the breezes from the ocean rendering it 
moderately cool all summer. There is scarcely a 
day in the year when woolen pants are burden¬ 
some, or a blanket at night does not add to the 
sweetness of your dreams. The city seldom kicks 
off its gray blanket of fog before nine or ten 
o’clock,—hence the people are excusable for their 
morning naps and late breakfasts. Four o’clock, 
P. M., is the usual dinner hour. 
From the overcoats that all men wear, you 
would fancy yourself in some northern town, hut 
from the character of the herbage and shrubbery, 
you would think it more probable that you were 
in hailing distance of the tropics. Montgomery 
street, with its fire-proof stores, its splendid show 
windows, and its constant ebb ami (low of human 
life, make yon forget you are not in Broadway. 
About the wharves you feel yourself in some 
Down East Yankee Port. In Jackson street, yon 
are in the heart of the Celestial Empire. In Cali¬ 
fornia street, you are with another people, and 
carried hack to a nation that flourished long 
before Hesiod or Homer sang, or Socrates or 
Plato saw the light of day. I shall speak of its 
public buildings — its manufactories — its com¬ 
merce, Ac., at another time. I will only arid, in 
the Iangnagc of Bay Aim Ta.yi.ok, “That the view 
of S in Francisco from either Rancon or Tele¬ 
graph Hill surpasses, I say it boldly, that of any 
other American city. It has the noblest natural 
surroundings, and will, in the course of time, 
YTJJKWS 11ST WESTERN NETW YORK.-NO. II 
[Special Correspondence of Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.] 
A TRIP TO CALIFORNIA 
FALSE PROGRESS 
THE OW A SCO, NEAR THE HEAD. 
called Osm, or as it is written in some early trea¬ 
ties with the Indians, VVas-kough, and It occupied 
the site where Auburn now stands. Here, accord¬ 
ing to the traditions of the Cayugas, the cele¬ 
brated Looan, the great chief atui orator, and 
friend of the white man was horn. Looan em¬ 
braced Christianity ami llio humane doctrines of 
William Penn. lie befriended white men to the 
extent of his means, opened the door of his cabin 
to all who would accept his hospitality,—gave 
meat to the hungry, and raiment to tho naked, and 
was the generous and abiding friend of the pio¬ 
neer. And yet, to the shame of civilized man 1 e 
it said, ho received in ihe main ingratitude and 
cruelty in return for kindness, ilia substance was 
destroyed, his friends, and even his wife and 
children were murdered in cold blood. Who can 
read that, well known and eloquent speech of Ro¬ 
lan’s without sheading a tear over his cruel fate: 
“ I appeal to any white man to nay if bo over entered 
Logan's cabiu hungry, and he gave him not meat; if he 
over came coin and naked, and he clothed (lira not. 
During the dose of the last long and bloody war, Logan 
remained bile In his cabin, an nijvoeato for peace. Such 
was my love for the whites, that, my countrymen pointed, 
hr they passed, and said, ‘Logan Is the Mend of tho 
white men.' 1 had even thought to hnvo lived with you, 
hut for the injuries of one man. Colonel Crosap, tholast 
spring, iu cold blood and unprovoked, murdered nil the 
relations of Logan, not sparing even my wife and chil¬ 
dren. There runs not a drop of my blood In the veins of 
any living creature This called on me for revenge. I 
have sought it. 1 have lulled many I have fully glut¬ 
ted my vengeance. For my country, I rejoico at the 
huams of peace. But do not harbor a thought that, mine 
Is tho joy of fear. Logan never felt fear. He will not 
turn On his heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn 
for I.ogan? Notone.” 
Lake, the Owasco. It was on one of those gloii- 
ous Indian Summer days peculiar to the A inerioan 
climate, iu the Autumn of 1.856, that, in company 
with a friend now dwelling on the shores of one 
of our great Western Lakes, we found ourselves 
in tho city of Auburn, hound for a day of pleasure 
on the banka of the Owasco. After traveling for 
a few miles south, we reached the foot of the 
Lake, a beautiful sheet of water, dear as crystal, 
on whoso surface was mirrored the flitting, hazy 
clouds, and the rich foliage that draped its grace¬ 
ful banks. Nought that we Could say,—not even 
the painter's pencil,—would do justice to the en¬ 
chanting scene; but in the engraving our readers 
struggle op the steep sides to its crest,— cottages 
which, when they are not huts, arc buried alive 
in running vines, only the windows and doors 
maintaining a clear look-out. Roses and Gera¬ 
niums, Almond and Mallow trees, were in full 
bloom in all the gardens and door-yards. The 
doors of stores, and shops, and residences, were 
thrown open to the lovely weather, and many of 
the entrances, and balconies, and window-stools 
were tilled with vases and flower pots, imparting 
a fragrance and beauty that would lead you to 
guess you were down near the tropics. Tho hills, 
the sides of streets, the yards, and public squares, 
were green with the new springing grass. Vegeta¬ 
tion runs riot and levels in its own existence- I 
saw grass growing >n the crevices of drays in ser¬ 
vice, from fence posts and rails, and on the wooden 
roofs of olden houses. At length we wended our 
way through that part of the city occupied by the 
residences of the more wealthy classes. Along 
the streets, in rows, grows the exquisite Feathery 
Acacia. From the balconies, Fuchsias hang their 
pendants of coral and sapphire; Heliotropes wan¬ 
toned in immense clumps under the windows, and 
the fronts of some of the residences were hidden 
to the eaves in the scarlet splendor of Geraniums. 
The Malva (here a tree,) opened its hundreds of 
pink blossoms, the wild Tea-vine of Australia 
clambered over the porticos, and the Wilfowy 
Encalyptus flourished as if in its native soil. On 
either hand were nurseries, breathing of Migno¬ 
nette and Violets, and covered chin deep with 
superb foliage, giving promise of rosC3 and fra¬ 
grant flowers in endless variety and gorgeous 
splendor. Huge boquets were offered us by little 
misses in the streets, at two hits apiece, and 
sometimes hoys would Bet up competition and 
ofl'er them at half Hie money. To a northern 
institutions degrading to humanity exist and 
flourish. We may have many eminent divines 
and great men, noted friends of reform, but we 
have also the most subtle and cunning of city 
sharpers. This false improvement is shown of 
lato years in tho springing up, or rather appro¬ 
priate naming, of a class of youth styled “You'll* 
Amenm ,” bo called from their propensities t,o 
swell, and play the fast young man, and from 
their running to the extreme of precociousnefia 
generally. 
Among other things originating from this class, 
there has arisen a couple of disgraceful terms, 
which are fast coming into common use. I allude to 
the practice of speaking of our parents as the “ old 
man ” and the “ old woman.’’ A person who thus 
speaks of his father and mother, not ouly shows 
in himself the lack of reverence and respect duo 
to them, hut also that self-respect is sadly wanting. 
I can never repress, nor could wish to, a strong 
feeling of displeasure on thus hearing my parents 
named, and 1 beliovo that most farmers' bOj i 
brought up on the farm would feel so too. But 
there is great danger, when getting among a party 
like those mentioned, of being led into the use of 
such terms, with other had and oven worse lan- 
gauage. Tho fear of ridicule is a powerful agent 
in had company, and has even led youth to a total 
disregard of parental authority. It is deemed 
manly to he independent, and the farmer’s boy is 
very apt to imbibe this notion of his evil associ¬ 
ates. It therefore becomes YotfNu Upkai.ists to 
see to it how they allow themselves to thus be 
influenced. c. 
Livonia, N. Y., 1860. 
and sunny skies. Never have we seen so many 
sea sick and heart sick men, women, and children, 
in tho same length of time. Lest I bo thought 
guilty of over-coloring the matter, I will state 
that the purser uttered the following remark:— 
“Of forty-live or fifty voyages which I have made 
on this route, I cannot recollect of one that will 
compare with this in severity.’’ 
We reached the mouth of the Columbia on the 
morning of the fifth day out, and failing on the 
first, made the second attempt to cross the bar, 
and was successful. A slight rain was lulling, 
the winds blew chill and damp, dense forests 
of fir and cottonwood skirted the river, each 
and all contributing rather to sadness and mel¬ 
ancholy than to extreme cheerfulness. The 
fact that, we had escaped the sad fate of the 
steamer Northerner ,—which was wrecked on this 
coast only a few weeks before, carrying death and 
sadness to many circles,—lent its influence to 
inspire gratitude, and chase away any intrusive 
murmurings. 
The sea is girt with a coast range of low moun¬ 
tains the entire distance to the mouth of the 
Columbia. Cape "Blanco" is the iuobt, western 
point of land on the continent. It extends some 
seven miles into the ocean, and is remarkable for its 
surroundings. Bold promontories of perpendic¬ 
ular rocks (a score or more,) stud the sea all 
around, and proudly lift their gray heads skyward, 
seeming like a hand of faithful sentinels, intent 
upon duty, and charged with a mission of protec¬ 
tion to the sea-worn and tempest-beaten cape. 
The mouth of the Columbia is about seven 
miles broad. The first town on the river is 
Astoria, some 12 miles from its mouth- It has 
about 300 inhabitants. Upper Astoria is its rival, 
and is only one mile further up the river. General 
Adair, the Collector of Customs at this port, is 
the proprietor of this new town. It has about 
The General is 
I wish to say a few words to tho “ Young Hu - 
ralists ” about music. Music liat.lt charms which 
tho cold world cannot subdue. Cultivate music 
that you may pour forth praises to the Giver of 
all Good Gifts—in song. It is a soul-stirring and 
soul-elevating practice. It is a practice which 
dispels all gloom and sorrow from our minds, 
cheering us with its soothing influence. Harmony 
does more for the dejected spirit, than any other 
earthly consolation. At the sound of sweet 
music, the dejected one will drink in the melody, 
and arise and join in cheering and elevating some 
desponding soul. 
Instrumental music is a pleasing diversion. 
One can retiro from wearisome business, and rest 
while pouring forth cheering strains of music 
from some instrument which they can use with 
skill. Poor music is far from having a soothing 
power. It mocks the genuine soul-reviving 
strains which we delight to hear. Therefore, let 
us study that we may learn, and practice that we 
may become perfect in the art of this all import¬ 
ant branch of science. 1 should bo happy to hear 
from others ou this subject Take hold of it, 
young ladies and young geutlemen, and extoll the 
merits of a good musical education. 
Pkbry p. h*. 
100 inhabitants, and a saw-mill 
charged, by the citizens of Lower ABtoria, with 
the high-handed offence of stealing their Post- 
office, and bo the lower town is put under tribute 
of going to the upper town for all their mail 
matter. This creates no little feeling of hostility 
between the people of these miniature cities. 
The General, however, takes things coolly, and 
beats his abuse with due Christian forbearance' 
looking hopefully forward to the time when his 
new town will generously enlarge its dimensions 
and swallow up—hook and line, bob and sinker— 
everything that now gives significance to its old 
competitor. Astoria was a trading post estab¬ 
lished by the Pacific Fur Company some fifty 
years since. This Company sold out to the North¬ 
west Fur Company, and they to the Hudson Bay 
Company. Astoria was named in honor of John 
Jacob Astor, a leading spirit iu the first Com¬ 
pany. Their first rude block-house is still to be 
seen, in a dilapidated condition. Here the Com¬ 
pany bartered with the tribes for furs, giving 
j them, in exchange, blankets, guns, iron kettles, 
camp utensils, and fire-water, and grew rich on 
the toils and depraved appetites of those red men 
of the forest. 
There are two other small t,own3,—Ramear and 
St. Helens,—before we come to the mouth of the 
Willamette, which is a tributary of the Columbia, 
rising 200 miles south of its outlet. We left the 
Columbia and sailed up the Willamette, 12 miles, 
to Portland. This is a thriving business town, 
some 13 years of age, with over 2,000 inhabitants. 
It is destined to become a place of considerable 
importance, and is already the largest commer¬ 
cial town in the State. Oregon City is situated 
FOOT OF TtlE OWASCO. 
Akron, N. Y., 1800. 
partially endowed, by the Episcopal Methodists. 
It is a large, fine looking building, situated on a 
rise of ground fronting and over-looking the 
Common, or Public Square, with large, generous 
pleasure grounds. Both sexes aro admitted to a 
full course of study, and can graduate and receive 
diplomas. It is in a flourishing condition, with 
over 130 students. Rev. F. 8 . Hoyt, the President, 
is now iu New York, for the purpose of adding to 
its Philosophical, Chemical, and Astronomical 
apparatus. 
Between the Rocky Mountain range and sea- 
beach, arc three distinct ranges of mountains, 
running nearly parallel with each other, in a north 
and south direction, and known by the names of 
Coast Range, Cascade Range, and Bine Moun¬ 
tains. The section lying between the Coast 
Range and Cascade Mountains, Is known as the 
Willamette Valley. It is about 130 miles in 
length, and averages some 35 miles in width, con¬ 
taining about 4,500 square miles. This Valley iB 
highly fertile, and capable of supporting a popu¬ 
lation of one million of souls, or twenty times the 
number now in all the State. Willi proper culti¬ 
vation, the land produces from fifty to sixty-fivo 
bushels of wheat per acre, and of oats an average 
of sixty bushels,—the straw growing from seven 
to nine feet in height. It is not eminently a corn 
country, yet forty and fifty bushels are grown to 
the acre. Oregon is unsurpassed in the yield and 
quality of potatoes. For fruit, and especially 
has facilities for any number of factories and 
mills, and will, at some future period, be the 
Lowell of the Pacific coast. 
Sulein, the Capital of the State, is situated forty- 
five miles above Oregon City, and is decidedly a 
handsome town. It has a population of 1,068, is 
finely laid out—having a public square of several 
acres in the center, on which stand the county i 
buildings, its also did the State House before its 
destruction by fire, some four years since. Its 
streets are broad and generous. It has several 
brick blocks of stores, costing variously from 
$8,000 to $10,000. It also claims the honor of 
erecting the first woolen factory on the Pacific 
coast. We were shown through this establish¬ 
ment, by Mr. Pratt, —a gentleman from Massa¬ 
chusetts,—who is the solo manager of the factory. 
He is a practical business man, of agreeable 
manners, and good financial abilities, Under his 
superintendence, the Company (all residents of 
Oregon,) are enabled to carry along a useful and 
lucrative branch of business, and retain at home 
scores of thousands of dollars, every year, that 
would otherwise be sent off, to enrich foreign 
manufacturers. Its motive power i9 a never- 
failing tributary of the Willamette. Salem has a 
large flooring-mill; two saw-mills; a blind, sash, 
and door factory; a wagon and carriage factory; 
two tan-yards, Ac.; which give the place quile a 
business aspect. It has an institution of learning 
called the Willamette University, established, and 
QUESTIONS FOR DEBATE. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —Nothing is of as 
much advantage to a young man, no matter what 
may lie his business in life, as early training in a 
good “ Debating Club.” I have been much inter¬ 
ested in rending and debating some questions 
which have appeared in your columns. I send 
you a few questions which I have heard debated, 
hoping that they may prove interesting to others: 
Unsolved, That the Issues of a licentious press are more 
deleterious to society than the issues of one enslaved to 
a favorit dogma. 
Can the existence of a God be proved independent of 
the Bible? 
Does morality advance equally with civilization? 
Had our forefathers the right to dispossess the Abo¬ 
rigines of this continent? 
Rttuioed, That traveling is a better source of informa¬ 
tion than reading. 
Resolved, That the slanderer is a more pernicious 
character than the llatterer. 
Is a man justiilable in taking the life of his fellow man, 
In self-defence? 
Resolved, That education exerts a greater influence on 
society than wealth. 
Does our country’s glory exceed its shame? 
Should foruign emigration be encouraged? 
Resolved, That the observance of the Sabbath should 
be enforced by law. 
Resolved, That the existence of two great political 
parties in our country is desirable, 
i Hopedale, Ohio, I860. Milton Taggart. 
■the use of opium, 
national vice- 
The bay and harbor of San Francisco i3 very 
large and fine. 
It is entered through a narrow 
