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^RICIm TURf it 
S WHOLE NO. 544 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-F0R THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1800. 
spirit of wine, one ounce—rub well together. 
Apply after milking, the udder being well foment¬ 
ed with warm water, and the remains of the 
ointment washed off before the next milking. If 
this fails to speedily remove the disease, iaitme 
must be resorted to. The mode of application is 
external, in the form of un ointment, (one part of 
the hydrlodate of potash being iucSrported with 
seven parts of lard,) one or two drachms (about 
the size of a filbert,) of which should bo rubbed 
into the diseased portion of the udder morning 
and night. Doses of the hydriodato may daily be 
given internally with a little gruel, gradually 
Increasing from six to twelve grains. 
While the disease is in progress the bowolB 
should be kept open, and for this purpose take 
half doses of the following:—Epsom salts, one 
pound; powdered caraway seeds, half an ouuce. 
Dissolve in a quart, of warm gruel. A fever drink 
composed of emetic tartar, one drachm; pow¬ 
dered digitalis, half drachm; n itre, th rec drachm s; 
mix and give in a quart, of tolerably thick gruel. 
A drink more decidedly diuretic is made of pow¬ 
dered nitre, one ounce; powdered resin, two 
ounces; ginger, two drachms,—mix well together 
in a little molasses, and give in warm gruel. This 
latter drink it will be well to continue for two or 
three weeks after all bloody discharges have 
ceased. 
The treatment recommended by Dr. Dadd is to 
persevcringly foment the teats, or quarters that 
have become hot and tender, with an infusion of 
elder or camomile liowera, at the same time draw¬ 
ing, In the most gentle manner, a small quantity 
of milk. He then gives an aperient—one pint of 
linseed oil and the yolks of two eggs, or one pint 
of sweet oil and half a teaspoonful of cayenne 
pepper—and keeps the animal on light diet. If 
there is any danger of matter forming, rub the 
bag with equal parts of goose oil and hot drops. 
If the parts are exceedingly painful, a wash of 
weak lye, or wood ashes, or sal soda, is recom¬ 
mended. If necessity compels the use of the 
lancet, after the matter is evacuated the part, is 
washed clean and a stimulating limtrnent applied. 
There are a thousand and one specifics recom¬ 
mended by cow-doctors and those who have 
recipes and medicines to dispose of; but we 
would place reliance upon the systems of treat¬ 
ment above given, believing that either, if faith¬ 
fully applied, will accomplish all for which it is 
intended. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WKKKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
matters very litte to the corn, we imagine, whether 
this is accomplished with the hoc or the cultiva¬ 
tor, so that it is well done. The hoe is a very 
superficial implement. It is very well for killing 
small weeds, and lightening the surface of the 
ground, but in good hands it cannot be made to 
work to any depth, and, as generally used, it is 
Of very little more effect than the scratching of a 
hen. Deep culture between the rows with a plow, 
or even the cultivator, is far more thorough. 
After this it, is well to P'iss through the rows to 
uncover any hills that n ay need it, and to remove 
any weeds that may he left. Corn, which lias 
been planted on well prepared, clean ground, 
needs little or no hoeing; tlm after-culture may 
be performed with the cultivator or plow. One 
of the best farmers In the town where our corres¬ 
pondent, resides, informed us last season that lie 
had adopted the practice of using the cultivator 
thoroughly—two or three times—and not hoeing 
his corn at all, the rusult being that he obtained 
as good, if not bettor, crops than formerly, with 
less labor and expense in cultivation. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
Tire Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpnssod 
in Value, Purity, I'sefultieBH ami Variety of Contents, and 
unique ami beautiful in Appearance. It# Conductor devotes 
liis personal attention to the supervision ot' its various de¬ 
partments, aad earnestly labors to render the Hu a a I, an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects Intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
As n Family Journal it is eminently Instructive and lCn- 
tertaimmr being so conducted that it can be safely taken 
to tlie Heart* and Homes of people of intelligence, taste 
and discrimination It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, 
than any other journal, — rendering it the most complete 
Agricultural, Litkraky ami Family Nkwsuaukk in 
America. 
-Haims 
T/BBITTS CLEV. 
EXPERIENCE IN UNDERDRAINING.-NO. I. 
Having done, and hired done, a good deal of 
nuderdraining within the past few years, (about 
1,050 to 1,100 rods, or nearly 3i miles, since 1855.) 
“ talk like a book,”— or, If 
less power to produce the same results than any 
other in use, and is especially adapted to the use 
of t.wo-horso powers. It is bo simple in Its con¬ 
struction as to be easily understood and operated 
by the farmer. The Cleaner is separate from the 
thresher frame, and can be attached to any 
thresher at a trilling coBt,, thereby saving to such 
as have Cylinders tbo expense of purchasing new. 
It huB an adjustable slide-board, connecting the 
cylinder and endless apron (or straw carrier,) 
which aids in separating the straw from the grain 
and prevents it from accumulating inside the 
apron. A n elongated shake board gives a regular 
discharge of grain and chuff to the shoo, and thus 
obviates clogging. The arrangement for regu¬ 
lating the shake of the shoe is very simple and 
effectual.” For further information Bee adver¬ 
tisement in this paper. 
As the season for their use is again approaching. 
Grain Cleaners, Separators, Threshers, &c,, will 
soon be in demand, and any improvements or new 
inventions in Buell machinery will be regarded 
with interest, at the present time. As an Improve¬ 
ment which we bolieve worthy the notice of grain 
growers, we call attention to the machine above 
represented, the invention of Mr. Austin Potter, 
of Williamson, N. Y., and patented in June last. 
Though we have not witnessed its operation, the 
testimony of reliable farmers is such that we have 
no doubt of its value. 
Mr. A. Tonn, Jr., of Pnltneyville, N. Y., who 
has the agency of this Cleaner, says:—"The ma¬ 
chine has been thoroughly tested during the last 
season with two and eight horse powers, and 
given universal satisfaction. The advantages 
claimed for this machine are, that it requires 
we are prepared to 
there is any prejudice against book-farming, we 
will Bay from experience ,— on Ibis subject. And 
we propose to give some of said experience, for 
the benefit of Kuhai, r atlers, especially iu regard 
to the expense of ditching and Borne of the means 
by which it may be lessened. 
We think a great misapprehension prevails in 
regard to the cost of making underdrains,—it be¬ 
ing generully considered more expensive than it 
really is. We know It has not cost us as much as 
we expected; and as many others, who admit the 
importance of draining, may be deterred by its 
supposed expensiveness, we deem it essential to 
the cause of farm “Progress and Improvement,” 
that this matter should be set right. We have 
Been estimates of the cost of draining in which 
the ditches were run through the field at the uni¬ 
form distance of two rods apart, and the cost, at 
fifty cents and upwards per rod, was made to 
amount to $10 or $15 per acre. No wonder that 
attliis i ate the expense of draining has boon made 
a stumbling block, and the great bug-bear to 
frighten farmers from farm improvement. We 
protest against any such calculations, for it is 
scarcely possible for even the most thorough un¬ 
derdrawing to cost nearly bo much. 
In the first place, even on low, wet land, drains 
do not need to be placed so near as two or even 
three rods apart. A good drain should drain from 
two to three rods on each side, according to its 
depth—(the deeper the drains, of course the 
further on each side they will dry the land.) We 
find that drains three feet deep will drain the land 
from two and one-half 1,o three rods on each side, 
or five or six rods wide, while two feet drains will 
only drain half that width. But with a retentive 
clay subsoil, the deep drain is little better than 
the shallow one, and it. is better to make them lit¬ 
tle more than two feet deep, of course placing 
them nearer to each other. When the subsoil is 
moderately porous, drains should never be made 
less than three feet deep, (of course taking cure 
to secure a good outlet,) and we have made some 
nearly 4$ feet, tilling in two feet of stone, iu order 
to get them out of the way. Taking four rods 
apart as sufficiently close to secure dryness of 
low, fiat land, we find 40 rods of drains per acre. 
On much of our rolling laud they will not be 
needed, except between the gentle rises of the 
ground. On much of this kiud of land 20 or 25 
rods per acre, or even less, will make the ground 
dry enough for all practicable purposes. 
Now, then, as to the cost per rod. Drains are 
frequently dug by the job, at one shilling to 
eighteen penoe per rod, aud even higher, accord¬ 
ing to depth and the hardness of the ground. As 
they are generally dug, eighteen pence is but a 
fair average price. But this is by no means the 
cheapest way to have ditching done. There are 
various drain diggers, patented aud in operation, 
but we are not acquainted with their working, 
having never seen any operate. But where these 
cannot be tried, the common plow is a good sub. 
stitute, aud should always be used. By plowing 
two or three paces from the center of the pro¬ 
posed ditch, turning the furrows out from the 
center, a dead farrow cun be made ten to fifteen 
inches deep. It would be advisable to let the 
plow in several inches deeper the last two or 
three furrows, though we have seldom done it. 
Where it is not sward land, in which case it would 
of course be impracticable, this process should 
be repeated, plowing a little wider than at first, by 
INQUIRIES AND NOTES 
Bloody Milk. 
Can you, or any of your numcrou# readers, inform 
me what will cure a cow that give# bloody milk? 1 have 
a very valuable cow, and this season (from two teat#,) 
ehe gives bloody milk. —A Constant Reader, Pinckney , 
lficA., 1S60. 
Each spring bringB to our table a host of inqui¬ 
ries, the import of which is distinctly Bhadowed 
forth in the one above selected. We now have a 
dozen, or more, and though we can add nothing 
to what haB appeared in former volumes of the 
Rural, the wants of those at present seeking for 
relief require a statement of the causes leading to 
the ailments under which their stock suffers, and 
the means to be employed in order to restore 
them to health and thrift 
In the case of “Constant Reader,” as well us the 
others now before us, the disease is known as 
(target, a malady which attacks the internal por¬ 
tion of the udder. In the earlier stages, one of 
the teats, or the quarters, becomes enlarged, hot, 
and lender,—it Boon begins to feel hard, is knotty, 
containing within it small, distinct, hardened 
tumors or kernels. The disease spreads, and 
other portions assume the same character. The 
milk coagulates,and where it lodges, local inflam¬ 
mation ensues. A greater or less degree of fever 
is usually attendant. 
The symptoms attending general inflammations 
of this character, though all may not be apparent, 
arc ’willing, redness, pain, and heat. The awe!ling 
is caused by distension of the vessels of the part, 
at the outset, hut elfnsious from the surface after¬ 
ward take place. Redness is the result of a surplus 
quantity of blood being present in the vessels. 
Pain is produced by the pressure of the enlarged 
vessels upon the nerves of sensation. Jleat, an 
invariable symptom of inflammation, is owing to 
the development of more than an ordinary 
amount of caloric, from the presence of an unu¬ 
sual quantity of arterial blood. The partinflamed 
is more abundantly supplied with blood than 
when in a healthy condition,— if the inflamma¬ 
tion is not suppressed the blood vessels become 
enlarged, and a permanent enlargement often 
results. 
The causes for inflammation in the disease 
under consideration, are various. Garget may be 
brought on by exposure of the animal to cold aud 
wet at the time of, or soon after, parturition, and 
by high condition. Hastily drying a cow has 
Produced indurations Bot easily removed. Lying 
upon and braising the udder is another cause. 
Another source of thi3 evil,—and, probably, the 
moat fruitful one,— is the careless habit of not 
milking the cow clean, leaving a quantity of milk 
in the bag to irritate and inflame. 
When garget is taken in the inoipient stages, 
the best remedy is to let the calf suck and knock 
about the udder at pleasure. Relief soon follows, 
the milk flows, dispersing the lumps. Should the 
fever increase and the cow refuse to eat, or cease 
to ruminate, and the milk become discolored and 
bloody, the case must receive immediate atten¬ 
tion. Yoitatt recommends bleeding, a dose of 
physic, the udder well fomented, the milk drawn 
which live or ten inches more may be loosened— 
making, when the loose dirt is cleaned out, quite 
a respectable ditch, from eighteen to twenty 
inches deep. In a dead furrow, thus deepened, a 
man can dig one-half more, to the depth of three 
feet, than by beginning at the surface. 
What wo have done on the farm at draining lias 
mostly been at parls of days, seldom a whole day 
at a time; but we have hired a good deal done, at 
$1 per day, aud find from eight to ten or twelve 
rods per day a good day's work, varying accord¬ 
ing to the hardness of the ground. Sometimes 
we have had fourteen or fifteen rods dug in a 
day, three feet deep; but it was very easy dig¬ 
ging. Taking ten rods as a good day’s work, In 
ground well plowed out, and it will average 10 eta, 
per rod, for three foot ditch,—merely for the cost 
of digging. We say nothing of cost of plowing 
out the ditch, as it iB but a trifle, and much more 
than re-paid generally by the benefit it affords to 
the soil. 
Next, as to the cost of material. If stone are 
used, it is difficult estimating the exact cost; in 
fact, they generully cost nothing, except the labor 
of procuring and laying them, and this varies so 
much that each farmer must of necessity make 
his own calculations as to the expense. Two-inch 
pipe tile can be obtaiued in Rochester at $10 per 
thousand, or one cent apiece. These are large 
enough for the great majority of drains—for all, 
in fact, except the main drain, into which the 
others empty. As thirteen will lay % rod, the cost 
of the ditch, excepting Lying and filling it), is 
only 21! cents per rod. Where the bottom of the 
drain has been smoothed so a3 to remove all in¬ 
equalities, (for which a narrow hoe is convenient,) 
the laying ot the tile is very quickly performed, 
Care must be taken to prevent the depression of 
the tile in the soft places, for if a tile sinks below 
the others it will in time fill up, so as to leave no 
room for the water to pass through. A spirit 
level and a long narrow board, of uniform width, 
are also very useful where the ground is almost 
level, in order to see that there is a uniform fall. 
Two inches fall in fourteen feet is plenty— but one 
inch, or even less, will do, provided it is uniform. 
In filling in the ditch, a little straw should be 
thrown on the tile in order to keep the loose dirt 
from running in at the joints, before it gets set¬ 
tled. Some prefer coarse gravel for covering the 
joints of the tile, and where it can be easily ob¬ 
tained it may be well to use it; but straw will do 
very well. We have used each with good results. 
Then throw iu a little dirt to prevent the tile from 
being broken or misplaced, and plow in the soil 
again. It is no matter if some of the yellow dirt 
from the subsoil remains on the surface. It will 
Boon be as good as any, and we think a little bet¬ 
ter for wheat. 
You have now a ditch completed, (throe feet 
deep,) at a cost, (allowing two cents per rod for 
laying tile and filling in, which wo think is 
enough,) of only 25 cents per rod. We can aver 
that the cost of our ditches, with two inch tile, has 
rarely exceeded this, and on easily digged ground 
has often fallen below it. So the cost of thor¬ 
oughly draining tiW land, — drains four rods 
apart, or forty rodo per acre, —is just $10; and on 
much of our land, where wheat almost always win- 
ter-kills, the soil euu be made dry enough at a 
width of twenty rods, at, a cost of $5 per acre. 
Those who have thought draining too expensive 
to pay, will see that it is not impossible for two 
crops, or even one, by their increased value, to 
more than pay all the cost of draining the land. 
We are quite certain It frequently does. But 
Draining is a permanent investment, aud it is not 
fair to charge one crop with all the expense. The 
real annual cost of lliis draining, costing $5 or 
$10 per aero, is 35 to 70 cents per year. Having 
thus disposed of the bug-bear of expense, we pro¬ 
pose to continue other portions of the subject in 
our next.—w. j. f. 
Gupes in CbtckebM. 
Will the Rural, or some of its numerous subscri¬ 
bers, state, in it# columns, a preventive or cure for the 
gaped in young chickens? Also, the kind of food best 
adapted for them?—A Subscriber, Pce/cslci/l, N. Y. 
We have never been very successful in curing 
the gapes in young chickens, but prevention is 
not difficult. If young chickens are confined in a 
close, dirty house, or a small yard, saturated with 
the droppings of fowls, they are almost sure to 
suffer from the gapes. The best way to manage 
chickens is to place the hen in a good coop as 
soon as she is ready to leave the nest. The coop 
should have two apartments—one for use in the 
night that can be closed every evening, so that 
the chickens cannot get out until the dew i* 
somewhat dried. This is also a great security 
against cats, rats, &e., as these marauders do their 
work in the nights or early in the morning. The 
outside apartment should have no bottom board. 
The form of this coop will be seen by the 
engraving. 
UP-THE-VALLEY NOTINGS. 
A good thing is it to get away from brick 
walls, dusty streets, crowded thoroughfares and 
noisome atmospheres, into the country, where 
the whole man may expand and grow as God 
ordained. The view is no longer confined by 
the rear of that “four-story” structure across the 
narrow street,—there is a world beyond,—a glo¬ 
rious world,—where the eye, sweeping over hill¬ 
top and glen, may take iu the beautieB with which 
Nature has decked herself for the Summer Festi¬ 
val. Here can we breathe full and free, uor fear 
that infection has laid Hb impost upon the wings 
of morning,—the eye loses its lack-luster expres¬ 
sion and lights up with a sensation of coming 
blessing, — the cheek puts away its shadowy 
shroud for the garment of health,—the life-cur¬ 
rent bounds with an energy refreshing and invigo¬ 
rating the entire being. “ A good thing is it,” 
we re-iterated when we found ourselves comfort¬ 
ably seated iu tbo cars, and rapidly moving 
toward the first point where we hoped to spend 
a few hours In social intercourse with friends, 
and in gathering speh information as may be 
obtained from every leaf in the great Book of 
Nature, and by contact with those who may be 
ranked among her true children,—the followers 
of the Plow. 
Avon was quickly signaled, and the iron horse 
Place the coop in the walks of the garden 
among the melons and cucumbers, and the chick¬ 
ens will remain healthy and destroy an innumer¬ 
able number of insects, more than enough to 
compensate for the trouble and expense of keep¬ 
ing. Keep clean water always accessible in shal¬ 
low dishes. Feed bread crumbs, scalded corn 
meal as dry as possible, and after a few days old, 
give a little grain occasionally, as refuse wheat. 
Hoeing Corn. 
Some of the farmers with whom I am acquainted, 
and who are considered good at their business, contend 
that corn, if well cultivated, is a# good or better than if 
hoed. Is this so? If so, we ought to know it, aa we 
might thereby save a good deal of labor.—A Farmer, 
Wheatland, A. ¥., I860. 
The object of hoeing is to pulverize the soil and 
make it iu a proper condition for the use of the 
roots, and also to admit air and moisture. It 
IRVIN3. N Y 
