RURAL LI b £ 
ERA 
aCBIClji rung 
FOUK CKNT8 
S WHOLE NO. 545, 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1860, 
Others, again, call for the evidence supporting 
such an assertion, and claim that such a condi¬ 
tion never has been substantiated by fact. Among 
these, latter Is Youatt, who thinks the simplest 
explanation of the matter is that inflammation 
was produced by some external cause; that it ran 
its usual course; that suppuration followed, and 
matter was formed; that it burrowed in various 
parts of the foot, and broke out at the coronet; 
that sinuses remained; that the uloer took on an 
unhealthy character; fungus shot up; in short, 
there was a quitter, or canker. With this view of 
tho case he proceeds to point out a mode of treat¬ 
ment which has generally proved successful. 
A linseed meal poultice should he applied to 
the part as soon as inflammation is discovered, 
and this poultice may be retained in its position 
by means of a cloth through wjiich two holes 
have been cut to admit the claws. This either 
abates the inflammation or hastens tho swelling; 
and as soon as the swelling begins to point, it 
should be opened. Continue the poultice until 
dered gentian, cream of tartar, and charcoal, one 
ounce of eucb, and one-half ounce of aesaDrtida. 
Mix, divide into eight parts, and give one in tho 
food morning and evening. 
For a simple cough the following compound is 
recommended:—Slippery elm. Indian turnip, ele¬ 
campane, skunk cabbage and caraway seeds, (all 
powdered,) four ounces of each. The dose Is half 
an ounce, twice daily, given In gruel. If the 
cough is one that remains after the disappearance 
of some pulmonary disease, such, for instance, aa 
take balsam of llr, one 
ounces; sirup 
Dissolve the balsam in 
Dose, one ounce, 
or thin 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
rural, literary and family newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
TnR Rural New Youkkk is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and 
unique aud beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devote* 
hi* personal attention to the supervision of Its various de¬ 
partments, nad earnestly labor* to render the RcRal an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interest* it zealously advocates. 
As a Family Journal it is eminently Instructive and En¬ 
tertaining—beinx no conducted that it can be safely taken 
to the Hearts aud Humes of people of intelligence, taste 
and discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and Ninvs Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate and beautiful EmriRvIngH, 
than any other journal,•*-rendering it the most complete 
Agricultural, Literary a.no Family Nkwsi , aJ , bh in 
America- 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page- 
catarrah, influenza, Ac 
ounce; sweet spirits of nitre, two 
of garlic, four ounces, 
the nitre, then add the garlic, 
night and morning; given in mucilage 
gruel._ 
Draining, mid Draining Tile. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker;—A s everybody is asking 
questions through your valuable paper, permit me to 
inquire how to build underground tile drains in the best 
possible manner. I have watched everything in your 
paper for more than two year* past, but have seen noth¬ 
ing that exactly suited my Case, l experimented a little 
last summer, and am so well suited that l intend to try 
it again this Reason, My land a sandy soil, with some 
quicksand; and I have built the drain that I have made 
therefor, with sawed limber, laying a hoard in the bot¬ 
tom where tho quicksand waft, I placed timber on the 
grouud where there was none, and laid u slab on tho 
top, making the sides aud top a* tight as possible, leav¬ 
ing the water to Come in at the bottom. Thin drain 
works as well us I wish, but 1 have been told by o>y 
neighbor* that fife timber will rot away in a few years, 
and render my drain worthless. Now, if 1 lay ttle, t 
shall lmvu to lay a board uiider,as I know of nothing 
better liens. I read that iti England they have what 
they call a sole, made of the same mateilal a* the tilo, 
to lay under the tile in soft ground; but. I bear of noth¬ 
ing of the kind In this country, and it la rather too far 
to send there after them. If I lay boards under, will 
they not rot away ns soon as -ny wooden drain, and con¬ 
sequently he no better; being tight, moat of the water 
will have to run between the joints Of the tile. Will It 
drain off fa*t enough, where the laud i* very wet and 
some springy, to put in early spring crops; and, If 80, 
will not the quicksand run in also between the joints, 
and 811 the drain where there is hut very little fall, just 
enough for tho water to run. 1 would like to make it in 
the most durable and beat, mannor possible, If some one 
ami remains in a condition unfit for tho food of 
plants, although they arc starving all aronud. 
Jethro Tull noticed the wonderful effect of till¬ 
age and thorough pulverization of the soil, and 
from this founded his Celebrated theory, that the 
roots of plants lived upon minute particles of soil, 
and to keep them in this condition was all that 
was necessary for a maximum crop, not knowing 
at that early day, that air and water, which were 
freely admitted to the soil by his system of pul¬ 
verization, contained the organic elements of 
vegetation, and also materially aided in lilting 
the manure in the soil for the use of the plants. 
The effects of frequently Btirring the soil iu a ' 
dry time is very apparent, and cultivating a crop 
is almost as good as a shower. The air is able to 
penetrate to considerable depth, and the moisture 
obtained in the form of dew is very great, and 
much greater than many imagine. Take a pan of 
bard soil, and one containing precisely the same 
weight finely pulverized. Dry them by artificial 
heat, and weigh. Then expose a night's dew, 
and weigh again. Then expose to the sun for an 
hour, sinking the pans in the earth so as that only 
the tops svill be exposed, and weigh again. This 
experiment, if carefully conducted, will show the 
advantage of keeping the soil in “fine tilth” 
during a dry season. 
Haying and Harvest will commence in a few 
days, and it is important that all other work 
should be out of the way before this great strug¬ 
gle commences. Get the hoeing and cultivating 
all done up well, or it will trouble you when you 
are not able to give it your attention. All 
harvest tools should be in readiness. It is not at 
all likely this will be the case unless you give tbe 
matter special attention now. JVe had proposed 
to speak of other things, but our remarks on stir¬ 
ring tbe soil are so extended as to preclude 
further hints, aud we leave these suggestions with 
our readers. 
more unpocketalde, if not unpalatable, than 
“chunking up dryed beef.” But I must frankly 
say, that if I knew no cheaper way to chip up my 
Boil, I should go into the extravagance of slicing 
it up at $10 per acre. 
Mr. D. seems to take slight umbrage at my sup¬ 
position that " he had thrown away the clod- 
crusher without sufficient consideration,” hut I 
am unable to sec how his article vindicates his 
practical judgment on this implement. Because, 
if he had ever tried the mode 1 have proposed, 
of following the crusher with a good cultivator, 
he would never have stated that it left it light 
and loose only “two or three inches in depth,” 
and that it "would break and pulverize the sur¬ 
face only.” My cultivator has teeth ton inehea 
long, and they penetrate the soil to the beam. T 
have prepared fields with the crusher and culti¬ 
vator, (after “chunking up” with the plow, as Mr, 
1). says,) so that a walking stick could be run 
down, easily, ten inches. And as to ever raising 
“a first rate crop of wheat uuder such circumstan¬ 
ces,” I raised thirty to thirty-five bushels per acre 
last year, under just “ such circumstances.” This 
may, or may not, be a first rate crop of wheat in 
Mr. D.’s district 
I am quite ready to admit all the practical 
objections to the crasher, such as more or less 
packing the soil, and that it does not pulverize 
line to the bottom of the furrow; but it is never¬ 
theless a fact, that it does break the “ chunks” to < 
a large extent, to tho bottom, and the cultivator 
again lilts these smaller lumps and mixes them 
with the finer soil; and when properly done, 
leaves the soil, in all respects, as loose, and lumps 
and fine earth as well distributed, to the depth 
the soil has been plowed, say from ten to twelve 
inches, as Mr. D.’s slicing process. Mr. D. will 
no doubt admit that there is no harm in working 
a clay soil several times over, when it is tho¬ 
roughly dry. And, therefore, there can be no 
objection urged against the manipulations of the 
crusher and cultivator on this ground, for the 
crusher is not used when the soil is wet, or In an 
adhesive state. There is, also, an implement 
called the Bcarifier, which may he used, with 
cutters or teeth eighteen inches long, loosening 
up the soil to that depth after the crusher, if it 
has been plowed deep enough to permit it; and 
the resistance offered by the soil to this imple¬ 
ment, is said to he no greater than to a cultivator 
at the depth of ten inches. 
Now, as to the cost of preparing the soil with 
the plow, crusher and cultivator. When the soil 
is very hard and stubborn, the crusher aud culti¬ 
vator should each be passed twice over the soli, 
to put it in proper condition. This labor, at 
$2.50 per day for man aud team, would cost, 
(allowing tbe team to plow ono and a half acres 
per day, and move at the same rate in crushing 
aud cultivating,) $2.7s, but we will call it $3 per 
acre, and this is in the most difficult cases. It is 
proper to state that I use three horses for plowing 
and cultivating, aud two for crushing. Practical 
farmers can judge whether crushing or slicing i 3 
the more economioaL 
Mr. D. begs me “ not to regard him so verdant 
as to recommend three plowings to make hard 
soils fine.” I will here relieve him by saying 
i that tho compositor is responsible for the word 
t “ three .” I wrote it “ thin ” plowings. But as Mr. 
i I>. plows only two inches wide, and takes six 
. furrows to the foot, some might regard his mode 
i as six plowings. 
. I Mr. D. justly feels a great solicitude for the 
FARM WORK FOR JUNE, 
The main crops are planted, and nothing re¬ 
mains to he done in this direction, hut perhaps 
the sowing of a few ruta bagas or white turnip?* 
and the usual provision for buekwhat. All crops, 
so far n.x we have heard, are doing well. The 
season has been remarkably favorable, somewhat 
dry in some sections, hut nothing has suffered. 
Those who make finding fault with the season the 
main subject of conversation, will be sorely put 
to their wits. No crops have been killed with the 
frost, nor lias cold| wet weather caused the corn 
or any other seeds to rot in the ground. The 
midge seems to have ceased his work, and we 
have great cause of gratitude to the Giver of all 
Good, for the prospect of abundant crops. Tbe 
seedsmen are iu high spirits and flatter themselveB 
that farmers will not this season charge them 
with selling had seeds. 
As there is much interest felt on the subject of 
Root Culture, we hope those who have planted, 
or who may do so, will give good, clean culture, 
and keep a careful account of cost and product. 
In this way ouly, can the truth be ascertained. 
Every year the question is asked ns a score of 
times, “Will roots pay?” Each farmer can test 
this matter for himself; and though one case of 
success or failure will not establish a general 
rule, yet by a number of trials in various sections, 
we Bhall be able to arrive at the truth. 
Some persons seem to act as though they tho’t 
planting was the only thing necessary to secure u 
crop. Much, however, depends upon After Cul¬ 
ture, Many a promising crop is injured or 
destroyed by neglect. A plant that has to con¬ 
tend for an existence during the first half of its 
life against an army of robbing weeds, seldom 
recovers ho as to become vigorous and productive. 
The soil, to be in a favorable condition for the 
growth of plants, must he thoroughly pulverized, 
not only on the surface but to the depth that the 
roots extend. There is hardly a cultivated plant 
that can thrive on a hard, uncultivated soil. In 
addition to the adaptation of a well pulverized 
soil for the extension of roots, there are other- 
advantages, some of which we will mention. 
The rain, although fulling in heavy showers, such 
as are usual in this country in the summer season, 
freely passes into the soil, furnishing not only a 
refreshing draught to the thirsty roots, but dis¬ 
solving the nutriment in the soil, and bringing it 
into a proper condition for food for plants. It 
must he remembered that plants only take up 
their food in a liquid state, and they may starve 
for want of nourishment, although the soil con¬ 
tains abundance of just such as is required, in a 
solid and therefore indigestible form. 
We see this principle illustrated in the use of 
, guano, and are satisfied, from numerous experi- 
C ments, that one pound of guano applied to plants 
in a liquid form i3 as effective as two pounds 
Q applied iu a dry state. We have also observed 
that the effect of guano is much the greatest in a 
wet season, and have become satisfied that in a 
r'd dr y season a portion of the guano remains tindis- 
Ub solved, and therefore is lost, for the seasou at 
jpf least. If, however, a portion of the guanoed crop 
Ski is subjected, iu the dry season, to what may he 
called excessive cultivation, and a portion receive 
Ag only ordinary culture, that which has the greatest 
equal quantity of water. Shake well daily, for a 
fortnight, when it w>ll be ready for use. In foul 
Bores lake equal parts of this tincture aud a solu¬ 
tion of the chloride of lime. 
This disease 1s most prevalent where cattle are 
kept on low, marshy grounds, the hoof, being 
softened by constant immersion in water, Is 
rendered unable to resist the accidents to which 
it is thus exposed. When lameness is observed, 
take up the animal and examine. If there is any 
prick or wound about the sole, pare away the 
horn, permitting the escape of any secretion of 
Remove the horn as far as it has sep- 
matler. 
erated from the sensible parts beneath, apply a 
little butyr of antimony to the denuded part, 
bandage with soft, dr/ tow, and remove to a dry 
yard or the eow-house. Where no wound is ap¬ 
parent, try the foot with pincers, and should the 
animal flinch when pressed at any particular por¬ 
tion, open the foot, examine, and net as above 
recommended. If foiled here, envelop the foot 
in a poultice,—thus softening the horn. If simple 
inflammation exist, it will be likely to disappear; 
if suppuration has set in, tho development will 
he hastened. While under treatment it is con¬ 
sidered prudent to administer a dose of Epsom 
salts. 
The American Cattle Doctor recommends the 
use of astringents and antiseptics, where there is 
a discharge of purulent matter. Take tincture of 
matico, two ounces, pyroligneous acid, one pint; 
glycerine, four ounces. Mix, saturate a small 
sponge, and place it in the cleft of tho hoof, and 
bathe contiguous parts with the preparation, It. 
will he all the better to bandage the hoof, thus 
rendering certain the fixedness of the sponge. 
Should beat and tenderness exist, keep the band¬ 
age moist with cold water. 
This disease, for some reason or other,—if we 
may judge from the fact of receiving three in¬ 
quiries in the past week,—would seem to be pre¬ 
vailing rather more than usual, and we would be 
glad to record the experience of those who have 
had it under treatment. 
reader of the Rural.—W. D. 11., Sullt can, A. Y. 
Wooden drains, are of course, less enduriogtban 
those of tile or stone, which, when well laid, may 
be considered almost everlasting; but wooden 
drains will last a great number of years. In 184H 
we put down a wooden drain, a part of which had 
to he taken up in 1859, in consequence of a change 
in the outlet, und it showed no signs of decay. 
INQUIRIES AND NOTES, 
Figure l 
Springhalt—Colds In Horses. f 
Eds. Rural Nkw-Yokkkk: —I would liktt to inquire 
of you, or of some of your experienced readers, if there 
is any cure for the springhalt in horaea,—if so, I should 
like to know what it is. Al«o, the best treatment for a 
cold which haa settled on the lungs of a horse.—Suii- 
scRUiER, /fire Co., Minn. , 1800. 
Springhalt is an affection of the muscles 
which, in the great majority of caBes, has given 
veterinarians a large amount of trouble. In for¬ 
mer days [it was looked upon as a disease origi¬ 
nating in, and affecting only the organs of motion, 
hut it is uow considered us arising in the nervous 
system, and practitioners acknowledge their ina¬ 
bility to treat it medicinally. The stomach will 
take in aud digest remedial agents, hut to make 
them reach the brain, and its nervous filaments, is 
quite another matter. Occasionally, however, 
this disease is induced by some minor derange¬ 
ment, and then we may successfully treat it by re¬ 
moving the morbid action promoting it, which 
will he accomplished by restoring the general 
health of the auimal. 
Where springhalt exhibits itself suddenly, Dr. 
Dadd recommends that the horse he permitted to 
rest, for in such case it is natural to suspect that 
some injury, resulting from a blow or strain, has 
been done to the nerves of voluntary motion. 
When this Is the condition, cold water bandages 
arouud the body, rest, light diet, nauseating med¬ 
icines, with an occasional lightdose of cathartics, 
to clear out the bowels, will he indicated. Fomen¬ 
tations, and light friction with anti-spasmodic 
liniment may he found of material assistance. In 
chronic cases of long standing, all hopes of re¬ 
covery may as well he abandoned. Should tbe 
patient, however, he in a state of debility, tbe 
general health maybe improved, and tbe spine 
should be daily rubbed with an embrocation cal¬ 
culated to restore nervous energy. For this latter 
purpose, take linseed oil, one pint; spirits of harts¬ 
horn, two ounces; fine mustard, half an ounce. 
As a medicine, take powdered golden seed, pow- 
Figurk 2. 
Fioure 3. 
What is called the horse-shoe tile, should always 
be laid with soles, as shown in figure I, the soles 
so laid as to break joints. It is very poor econo¬ 
my to lay these tiles on tlje soft earth, without a 
sole, or a hoard at the bottom, as is sometimes 
done, for the tile will he likely to sink, and the 
drain become worthless. The better way, how 
ever, is to have both tile and sole made in one 
piece, as shown in figure 2. This is the most com¬ 
mon form; but, perhaps, the best shape is the 
drain pipe, figure 3. It is more easily laid than 
any other, and it makes no difference which side 
is uppermost. These forms can he obtained of 
the manufacturers in this country. The water will 
pass into the tile through the joints freely, suffi¬ 
ciently so to fill the tile to its utmost capacity. 
On tho effects of quicksand, and the various 
preventives, we have already published several 
articles. _ 
Foul In the Foot. 
Eds. Rural Nbw-Yorker:—As you publish answers 
to inquiries on practical subjects, I wish to ask wbat can 
be done for what i* commonly called here the hoof dis¬ 
temper iu cattle. 1 have (several that have been lame 
with the complaint for a year past, and other* that are 
now taking it. It first comes on by a slight swelling of 
the foot, with inflammation between the cluws of the 
hoof, which after a time breaks, with a discharge of 
matter. If you can give aoy information in the Rural 
on this subject, I know it will be gratefully received by 
at least one of your readers,—T. I!., Montgomery, N. Y. 
Some veterinarians contend that there is a con- 
THE CLOD-CRUSHER, 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In your journal of 
May 19tb, I am happy to find an answer from the 
Hon. A. B. Dicvinson to my short notice of the 
Clod-Crusher, llis article contains many useful 
hints outside of the clod-crusher controversy. 
I heartily agree with him in all he says about the 
importance of leaving the soil in condition to be 
penetrated by the air, It is, as he says, “the 
great renovator aud purifier pf soils.” This has 
been a favorite theory of mine for years, and this 
aeration of the soil is one of the offices performed 
by underdrains. I have not one word to say 
