as well aa hands in promotion of their aggravate to see it rooted into every conceivable 
Mast they always pay what holders shape; or to pass through the droppings of tifty 
ods, and accept what is offered for or a hundred sheep, belonging to neighbor A, in 
order to get from your gate into the street? 
f. already intimated, this article will Who among us wishes, in hot weather, to be 
i to some—will be unpopular aiuoDg obliged to pass through a barn yard to goto 
lers, and even some of them may ob- town, or to keep a bull dog constantly on the 
position, l'.ut never mind that, far- watch to save his crops, or other property. Now 
wheat growers especially. Jf you that the subject is open for discussion, we hope 
■ matter properly, I believe you will to hear from other sufferers, and a remedy pro¬ 
conclusion that produce is sent to posed and provided, ere the close of the session 
too rapidly after the harvest is com- of our next legislature in this State. h. c. 
field until the 1st of November, the Monroe Co., N. Y.. I860. 
neighbors said there was no cure for it, and they 
were sure to die. I had them skinned. The legs 
and Bhoulders looked as though badly bruised. 
One I opened, and the blood in the heart was 
hard. 
The next one I discovered when it first began 
to limp in its fore leg. I bled it freely, and then 
physicked, which process 1 am now confident was 
wrong, as there appears to be no inflammation. 
However, it soon died. J quickly discovered 
another taken in the Bame way, and I took two 
ounces of saltpeter, dissolved it in hot water, and 
when as warm ns I could bear my finger in It, I 
pored it down its throat and left it, expecting to 
find it dead in the morning; but when I went 
out, it was up, eating with the rest. 1 then pul¬ 
verized a small quantity of saltpeter and put it 
on some potatoes, and let him eat them,—in fact, 
I did bo then for all my calves, lie got over bis 
lameness in a few days,—soon was entirely well; 
and I have had no more of the disease. Now, if 
that is a cure, it is the moBt simple that can bo 
obtained. C. C. Boyd. 
Waterford, Pa.. I860. 
drained it, he says, to make it wet, and succeeded. 
The whole of the manure from the barn-yard went 
to enrich these twelve acres, and now the land is 
really good. The second year after he came into 
possession, his crops from these twelve acres 
were more than double the produce taken by bis 
predecessor from an average of at least thirty 
acres annually devoted by him to cultivation, 
while the quality of his products was 25 per cent 
better than they had ever been. Off one acre 
and a third he took four tuns and three-quarters 
of clover hay. Though the land was 
Agricultural illiscdlanj) 
Tjib Whk> 7 CROr Save! —It affords na unalloyed 
pleasure lo announce that the Wheat Crop of Western 
New York has pasted the Rubicon unscathed—that ithu 
escaped the much-dreaded, because for several years 
destructive enemy, the midge, (miscalled weevil,) with¬ 
out injury. Onr observations and advices op to this date 
(July 2Stb,) convince os that the main crop in this local¬ 
ity is so far advanced as to be beyond danger of attack, 
and Little injury is apprehended to any portion. We 
congratulate the large number of our readers interested 
upon the probable result, as demonstrative of the fact 
that wheat can again be grown extensively and profita¬ 
bly in this region—a region eminently adapted to its 
culture. Of thin much we aro confident-lhat the crop i s 
maluty out of danger from the insect, and thnt Western 
New York will th ; * season, for the first lime in several 
years, produce a handsome surplus of I he leading cereal. 
And not only that, but th<* quality will, we have reason 
to believe, be very superior—such as will again enable 
people to realize that when “best Genesee” wheat or 
flour are mentioned, no myth is designated, but a super¬ 
lative article. So hoping, trusting and behoving, we 
again congratulate the farmers of this Eden of America 
upon their auspicious prospects, 
previously 
in good heart, having a chance of obtaining six 
cords of manure from a blacksmith shop, he top- 
dressed the clover with that, and a barrel of 
plaster besides. He keeps in better condition as 
many cattle as his predecessor, and intends to 
break up three acres more next spring, under- 
draining and subsoiling at the same time.” The 
writer adds, with emphasis:—” I believe in a little 
farm, well tilled. Too much territory is the 
greatest evil farmers have to cope with. The 
truth is seen every day. Let us mend the matter." 
Surface Mnnuring. 
“We notice,” gays the Ohio Farmer, “that 
manuring- upon the surface, broadcast, after 
plowing, and before barrowing, has become much 
more a favorite practice with farmers than for¬ 
merly. The old impressions that the soluble 
matters would rise, if plowed in deep, and that 
decomposition would also be hastened by bury¬ 
ing deep, have been pretty generally dissipated, 
under a better knowledge, and a more observant 
practice Ilian thnt of forty years ago. If ma 
nures are green, long, and fresh from the bum- 
yard, it is doubtless policy lo bury them beneath 
the soil, if it is absolutely necessary to use them 
at that time; but we should prefer planting less 
quautity of land, manuring what we could with 
well-ripened manure, and piling up the green, 
fresh manure with a good sprinkling of plaster, 
and let it ferment and rot a few weeks. We be¬ 
lieve practice has shown more immediate returns 
of crops from manures spread upon the surface, 
or, at best, but lightly covered, than when other¬ 
wise employed. The rains tend more to wash 
soluble matter downward, where the roots can 
get it, than the gaseous qualities will cause to 
send upward; but, in agricultural practice, it 
takes many experiments, and long and repeated 
trials ol the same, ere it is safe to fully condemn 
any one practice, to the benefit of another. We 
have grown some of onr best crops of corn with 
long manure, plowed under deeply, and yet we 
should prefer not to risk the practice, when con¬ 
venient to do otherwise.” 
plcted. 
buyers will bo after your crops — for they must 
be bad, and nearly all consumed before another 
year com<-« round. If all the wheat growers 
were to take things calmly, and sell their grain 
regularly, say from harvest until April, I have no 
doubt the result would be much more advanta¬ 
geous to them than by pursuing the usual policy. 
Take farmers in general, the return they receive 
is smaller, for tho capital invested, than in any 
other occupation; and if they were to live like 
merchants, they would fail. Having given much 
thought to this matter, I believe that farmers 
might and ought to occupy a higher and more 
independent position in society than they do, and 
hence the reflections and suggestions now sub¬ 
mitted for their consideration. 
John Johnston. 
Near Geneva, N. Y., June, 1860. 
HORSES’ SHOULDERS. 
STRAIGHT FENCES-AGAIN. 
Eds. Rubai, Nkw-Yorkkr:—I have been inter¬ 
ested of late in perusing some articles in your 
paper, in which were discussed the superiority of 
the straight over the zig-zag rail fence. 
The remarks of H. Ives, in your issue of May 
fith, on thiB subject, are apt, and to the point. Mr. 
Ivks says:— “I stake out a straight line, and when 
the ground is soft, make a hole about 2J feet deep; 
then, with a heavy hammer, drive in a large stake 
very firmly.” On one side of this large stake he 
sets a common fence slake, wiring St at the top. 
Evidently this will make a strong and cheap 
fence. But a word as to the durability. If the 
large stake is of cedar, or good swamp oak, it 
will endure. But will not the small stake soon 
rot away where it enters the ground, and let the 
fence spread out at the bottom? It will not last 
as long as the post, that is certain; and if it once 
rota off, r/oum must come the fence. 
To correct thiB, then, we suggest the following: 
for “large stakes” take common cedar posts, set 
them in the ground 2j) or S feet, and far enough 
apart to accommodate your rails. On the inside 
of each post lay a flat stone. Take a piece of 2 
time and temper spent in running after “sweat 
collars,” and divers other contrivances for 
abating the annoyance. 
Now. as every one who can shed light on any 
subject of public interest oughtto do so, I purpose 
to add my mite to the sum of opinion ou this 
subject In the first place then, the collar must 
be smooth, hard, and well fitted to the shoulders. 
A few minutes observation oughtto convince any 
one of the importance of this. 
Secondly .—When the horses are first put to 
constant work in the spring, let their shoulders 
be washed once or twice each day, fn a pretty 
strong solution of alum and whiskey,—although 
I am not sure a solution of alum in water would 
not do as well. This is a powerful astringent, as 
every urchin knows, and tends to harden the skin, 
and fit it for hard labor. 
Thirdly .—Every morning and noon, before the 
horses are taken out to work, let the insides of 
their collars be scraped with a dull knife, to re¬ 
move the scurf which has accumulated there from 
the swanting of the animals. This is just as es¬ 
sential to the comfort and health of the horse, as 
the changing your shiit and stockings on Sunday 
morning, is to your comfort, O, most mighty 
reader! And I insist upon it, that unless you 
MULES vs. HORSES. 
Tim Rtb Crop. —Of late year.*, ninea the prevalence 
of the wheat midge, many farmer* in thi* vicinity have 
grown more or less rye. In several towns visited during 
the pn*t week, we observed that considerable ground «iu 
occupied with this crop—especially in frnndequoit—and 
that it generally pre-ented a very promising appearance. 
Tho crop is also somewhat extensively grown in other 
localities of this region, and a good yield is anticipated 
the present season. The crop is not cultivated for the 
grain alone, the straw being in demand tor packing it 
our extensive nurseries, and commanding a good price. 
As a sample or •* tall lye” (the juice of which will never, 
we trust, place any one In a horizontal position.) we may 
add that Mr. Wm, B, Wat, of Greece Center, lost week 
presented US stalks which measured 7 feet and 2 Inchei. 
We have seen o^her fine specimens, and indeed whole 
fields whioh had become decidedly ” elevated," Though 
rye may be profitably grown in mime district* hereabout*, 
there are other than moral reasons why it should not he 
encouraged, and we trust the result of this season'* 
wheat harvest will prove that the latter crop maybe 
substituted for the former in future. 
Jnqmrtra anti ^Insuiers. 
About Sheep, 
A correspondent of the New England Farmer 
says:—Sheep often become breechy from care¬ 
lessness. It does not require remarkably good 
fences to turn them. I have kept the sheep for 20 
Wheat Growers are referred to an article, published 
elsewhere in this number, entitled l: Hints About Selling 
Wheat.” Whatever may be thoughtof its logic—to which 
fow will take exception, we think —the article will 
attract special attention at the present moment, not only 
because it is seasonable, but Tor the reason that a goodly 
number of onr ivadera have now, for the first time in 
several years, a surplus of wheat. If the producers of 
wheat, wool, and other staples which can be kept for 
months by farmers without Injury or low, would consider 
the subject, tho result might redound to their benefit, 
without subjecting conaumers to extra expense. Specu¬ 
lators and middle-men are perhaps a “necessary evil,” 
but moat people think they are not entitled to the lion'* 
share of profits. We have no desire to array one class 
against another, yet consider Mr. Johnston's opinions 
and suggestions worthy of consideration. 
GRASS, STOCK GROWING, &c. 
Si’iUNa Watch, Modes or Conveyance. — I wish to 
inquire of the readers of the Rural, who have had 
biuue w ans, unu uuu uo difficulty in Keeping them 
quiet and orderly. In the first place, select those 
that have not learned to jump; have all gups prop¬ 
erly repaired, anil fasten the bars so that they 
cannot rub them down. As a rule, look at each 
flock once a day at least, and see that the fences 
are kept up, and give them enough to eat, and ruy 
experience is, that sheep will not learn to jump. 
Bheep Lave long been a favorite stock with me, 
and for the last ten or twelve years South Downs 
have been the sheep. I have found that 60 owes 
well kept will generally raise 75 lambs; mine 
have frequently done better. The past year I 
raised 110 from 72, and part of the ewes were 
quite young, and the lambs dropped early. Alter 
they are two years old the ewes are very apt to 
bring twins, so that in some flocks twins seem to 
be the rule, and single ones the exception. 
The Pulmonary Murrain. 
At a crowded session of the Connecticut 
Board of Agriculture, held 
experience, what is i tie bet material to convey water, 
**nd m what kind of pipe.- I nave a spring I wish to 
bring to my bouMi—distance about thirty-five rods— fall, 
Eds. Rurai, New-Yorker:—T here is a great 
deal said about farmers failing in the amount of 
hay obtained from the acre, compared with what 
they did a few years ago. Science has gone to 
work to remedy the evil, which is all right, but 1 
think there is one difficulty I have heard but 
little said about, and that is, almost every farmer 
keeps too much stock. In consequence, they are 
compelled to turn their cattle on their newly- 
seeded grass, and have it gnawed close to the earth, 
(what is not pulled up or tread to death,) and, at 
the same time, the weeds are growing finely and 
going to seed, for cattle arc quite careful to let 
them alone. 
This much had I written when, going to our 
village and obtaining the Rural, behold! about 
tho first thing which met my eye, was, “Keep 
More Stock.” It didn't quite knock me down, 
but it staggered me considerably. Nevertheless, 
after 1 came to, 1 thought perhaps I might be half 
way right, at least. How to keep an increased 
amount of stock is the groat question, (truly it is 
a doubtful question, for most fanners have too 
much;) and what is claimed for the increase? 
why, we get more manure! 
liflveu feat—mostly a gradual descent 1 am unac¬ 
quainted witli the busmens and of the manner of laving 
pipe How deep should it be laid?— I. it. Palmer, JSeui- 
jield, Tomp, Co.. Pi. I'., 1860, 
Deadening Timber.— Please say, through the columns 
of the Rural, that the beat time fur cutting all hard 
timber for rails and other purposes,such as bailding, Ac., 
Is from the first of September to the first of December, 
while there is the least sap or moisture in the timber. 
Hickory timber, to have it rot the soonest, should be cut 
in the month of March, while the timber is the fullest 
of sap or moisture?—C. K, Pierce, Coventry, If. Y. 
Jpst a Word.—S ensible, discriminating people—which 
we tcuat includes all •• constant readers ” of this journal 
—are remiuded that a new Half Volume or the Kcral 
Nkw-Yokxer is to commence next week, when renewal* 
apd new subscribers will be eminently proper and desira- 
worthy of Increased 
the quadrennial contest for the 
Grooming and Blanketing Horses.—P lease give us 
an article in your valuable paper touching the grooming 
and blanketing of horses. 1 have a good friend who 
maintains that horaes will do no better with than with¬ 
out these. 1 have dared to differ with him. A word 
touching this p int will be thankfully received bv two, 
and 1 presume by hundreds of subscribers.—A, 'S C. 
Cuba, AUeg. Co., If, Y.. 1800, 
In answer to the foregoing queries, wo prefer giving 
the experience of Henry William Herbert, one of the 
beat horsemen ever among us, and known to, we had 
Mlmost said, tiie whole world under the name tie plume of 
“ Frank Forrester." In his Hints to horse-Keepers, he 
remarks:—” The Farm Horses of the United States, 
which are, for the most part, if not altogether, stabled 
for the greater part of the year, or in winter, at least, 
fed on artificial food, kept warm, to a certain extent, 
must be cleaned daily, especially after severe work, or 
exposure to wet, if they are to be kept in health and 
working condition. « » » * It is true, in a measure, 
that the necessity of regular dressing, wispitig, curryiDg, 
brushing, and hard rubbing, is far greater in the case of 
highly pampered horses, fed in tbB moat stimulating 
manner, principally on grain, kept In hot stables, always 
a little above their work, and ready at all limes to jump 
ble. Those who believe the Kobal 
support, even during 
Presidency, (doubly so now that there are four candi¬ 
dates playing the game that oeeors once in four years.) 
will, it Is hoped, bear its claims in miud,—while such is 
are becoming *• wide-awake,” politically, and indulge in 
huge drafts at the fonutains of party organa, should not 
“ forget lo remember'* that their families relish and are 
entitled to a more nourishing and substantial mental 
aliment than political journals are wont tofurnisn during 
the excitiment of a great campaign. In other words, 
Mr. Politician, while the party paper. i» meat to vou.it 
is poison, or at least unpalatable, to your wile, sons and 
daughters. “ A woid to the wise,” &c. 
New Haven, May 
Id, Dr. Dadd, of Boston, spoke thus of the cattle 
disease:—“The name given to this disease and 
used tit the Massachusetts law, (pleuro-pneumouia,) 
does not fully describe it. Pulmonary murrain, 
which means a deadly disease of the lungs, is far 
preferable. Proper pleuro-pneumouia is not a 
contageons disease, while evidence of the conta¬ 
giousness of the Massachusetts disorder is abun¬ 
dant. A marked symptom of the disease appears 
to be that all auimals attacked feed well. If an 
animal falls off in its feed, it is not pulmonary 
murrain that ails it. The digestive system, liver, 
and bowels, are usually in good order. The 
heart, however, is flaccid, fat, and soft As to 
cure, it may be possible so far as altered structure 
can be called cure. A strong constitution may 
confine the disease to one lung, or a portion of 
one, and so the animal live without a full ajration 
of the blood. The ox has less use for lungs than 
6ome animals, breathing slow, and making only 
eight or ten respirations in a minute. Cases have 
been found where the disease had been circum¬ 
scribed and a portion of the lung comnletelv 
Wo must always 
recollect that we can buy gold too dear; and it 
would be hard work to make farmers believe 
that it would be to their interest to increase their 
stock and hired help, when they have to pay 
from twenty to twenty-five dollars a month, and 
sell beef at four dollars a hundred. No, friend 
Moouk, there is nothing made by raising stock 
in this section of country, especially ir yon have 
to stall-feed them. Grain and wages are too high. 
What you do keep, however, keep good; and 
work fill your straw, &c., up in as good manure 
as you can, by keeping cattle and horses well 
bedded with it. I think as much of manure as 
almost any one, but it won’t kill weeds. I believe 
clover and timothy will. 8ow thick, and don’t 
turn cattle out too early. I doubt whether a man 
could manure a piece of ground any cheaper, (all 
things considered,) than to let his clover grow 
and lie on the ground, now and then, for a season. 
Tiik Cattle Disease, —The Committee ou Agricul¬ 
ture of the United States House of Representative* 
have agreed to report the following resolutions to the 
nouse: 
Resolved, That the Secrolarv of State be requested to 
open a correspondence with ‘tbo Consul of the Iluited 
states in such countries as may have been visited by the 
malady in question, and to ascertain from them "what 
sanitary measures have been adopted, and with what 
success, what steps have been taken to exclude animal* 
coming from countries whore the disease exists, and 
what medical treatment has been adopted. 
Resolved, That the Secretary of the Interior he re¬ 
quested. to having agricultural information and statis¬ 
tics collected during the next fiscal year, to obtain state¬ 
ment* of the condition and progiera of the disea-c,and 
the action and result of the State CotnmisHtims: and 
that, should the disease not be checked, he be faither 
requested to communicate the result of his inquiries to 
this House at tho Couimeucement of its next session. 
Saline Co., Mo. 
THE LONG PASTURE, AGAIN. 
Eds. Rural Nkw-Yokker:— tVe most heartily 
concur in the feelings and sentiments of our suf¬ 
fering friend of Lyons, Wayne Co., relating to 
pasturing the highways. We say that the prac¬ 
tice is not ouly a nuisance, but it is fraught with 
many evil consequences resulting therefrom. 
How many times have we been called upon to 
leave business and go from one to three miles to 
appraise the damage done to some crop by a herd 
of starving animals. How mauy grievous and 
vexations litigations have we witnessed, in neigh¬ 
borhoods that ought to be quiet and peaoeable, 
arising from this tolerated practice; while the 
large majority of the sufferers have sileutly sus¬ 
tained their loss rather than create any harsh 
feoling with their neighbors. 
Is it not provoking to that portion of com¬ 
munity who believe that jt is for their interest 
to keep no more stock than they can confine 
within their own inclosures, to be constantly an¬ 
noyed with these starved depredators, to be 
obliged to fenoe against every thing that is al¬ 
lowed to run the road? Having, with money and 
good taste, built a comfortable home, the front 
yard adorned with richness and beauty, will it not 
Laroe Eggs.— tfecently, Mr Richard Tour, of Sodus, 
caused to he *• laid on our table,” two hen's eggs which 
art* both largo and weighty—one measuring l>y 7 
inches, and weighing four and a half ounces, aiid the 
other nearly the same size and weight. If the donor has 
such eggs for sale at market price, we are open to an 
arrangement. 
Tub Weather continues quite favorable to the growing 
crops. Frequent and copious rains in this section, duriDg 
the past two week*, have been beneficial to grass, but too 
late iu the season to overcome the check to the crop.— 
Most other crops are very promising. 
REMEDY FOR BLACK LEG. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: — I noticed an in¬ 
quiry from Lake Co., Ohio, concerning the cause 
and cure for Black Leg. The cause I know 
nothing about, but in Januaiy of the present 
year ray last spring calves were attacked with 
the disease we here call by that name. The first 
two were taken iu the night, and when discovered 
in the morning they were so far gone that I did 
not attempt to do anything for them, as all my 
The Holiday Exhibition of the Alonroe Co. Ag. So¬ 
ciety- will include several features of an attractive yet 
unobjectionable character, as will be seen by reference 
to the programme given in this paper. 
