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[ singkliEj no. four cknts. 
VOL XI. NO. 28 .} 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1860. 
I WHOLE NO. 548 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
hie Rural New-Yorker ix 'lfhi, r nn1 to tie unfunpaxHeC 
ereoce is for level culture. The system of billing 
is no doubt well adapted to a moist climate, like 
ibat of England, where there is a superabundance 
of moisture; but is unsaited to our hot, dry cli¬ 
mate. A high, conical mound around a “ hill ” of 
corn or potatoes, throws oil' the moisture for 
which the rootH are suffering, and exposes too 
much surface to the drying winds and sun. The 
I J 
in Valne, htrHy, OMfuInoss and Yurioty of Content*,and gardener, when growing a plant in a pot out of 
unique and b.aulitn! in Appearance, f Is (tofiflitM nr rii.vr.io a .t:.. ...... .. - , .... 
illlliil 
unique ami heauliln) in Appearance. Its Conductor devour 
Ills personal attention to the supervision of its various de¬ 
partments *«d earnestly labors to reudar the KoraL an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the Important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects Ultimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
Ass Family Journal it (s eminently Instructive ami En¬ 
tertaining— being so conducted that it can be safely taken 
o the Hearts and Home* of people ofintelhgeuce, taste 
and .liscriinlnation It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings! 
than any other journal, — rendering it the most complete 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newhi'apkr in 
America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
doors in the annum r, digs it hole and sets it in the 
ground, so Unit only the top will be exposed to 
these influence-. Unless this was done, constant 
shading, wuteiing : nd watching would be Deces- 
Bery. Many fanners pursue the opposite coarse, 
and rn like a hill of the very best form possible for 
throwing off the water from the plant, and for 
exposing the largest possible surface to the sun. 
We do not think a little earth drawn towards the 
plant, will do any injury, and indeed may be 
beneficial. A good deal of the benefit credited 
to hilling, we think, should be credited to the 
stirring of the soil in making the hills. Give the 
same amount of labor, and draw the earth but 
slightly to the plants, und we think the result 
1 hub, 'nn vi i 
m 
I n 
£A 
ILA.RTLiK'T'r’S DITCHING PLOW 
Tnp. above engraving represents a Ditching 
Plow, invented by Mr. E, fA Bartlett, of Itomn 
' a rA fv 
INQUIRIES AND NOTES. 
would be more satisfactory. In the culture of lap > 8eueca Co., N. Y., and patented on the 13th 
potatoes our experience is that moderate earthing °* Semptember last. Ata time when underdrain 
up incn-uBes the crop, but makes it later, so that 19 ftttra cting s <» touch attention—being justly 
in growing early varieties we only lighten the re K arded as a very important means of farm im- 
soil. In varieties with large, drooping tops, earth- P rovcraor) t arid enrichment—every machine do¬ 
ing up sustains the baulm«, and gives them a ®'f? ne <l to facilitate the operation, and reduce the 
beiter cbuuoo to droop, without lying ou the ^ abor und expense, is worthy of examination. We 
ground in a mase. The air has thus a better havo hft retofore noticed several ditching plows 
chance to circulate among them. In growing a,ld mac hiiief>, and think this new candidate for 
-tllluml Itf it u urr. 
I wish to inquire, through the Rural, the com para- 
corn, we have found very little advantage in hill¬ 
ing In any way. Corn possesses a wonderful 
facility forsustaining itself In an upright position, 
adoption by progressive farmers combines some 
features which will favor its introduction—the tion of standards D D D, the combination of shares 
inventor presenting it as the most simple, durable E FI E, the mode of adjusting the shares by means 
and cheap machine for the purpose, yet con- of packing blocks, so as to widen or narrow the 
struoted. The managers of the State Agricultural ditch as desired, and the manner in which it is 
College Farm, at Ovid, Bay the plow has been braced—substantially as shown in the illustration, 
worked on the farm considerably, that it. does its Mr. B. says this plow “ will cut a ditch of uniform 
work admirably, and commend it as "an imple- width, (as It cuts both Bides at once,) from one 
ment of great utility to the farmers of this vicinity foot to three and a half feet deep, as desired, and 
whose land requires uuderdralnnge.” works well in all kinds of soil." Ffor further in- 
The illustration will give the reader an idea of formation, the price and terms of rights, &c., ad- 
the construction and operation ol this plow. Mr. dress either ihe Patentee or A. J. Bartlett, as 
Bartlett claims as his invention the combina- above, or C. C. Tkai.l, Beneca Falla, N. Y. 
five value of dead animals for manure? A neighbor of aad for rt ‘g a 'iiit)g that position when blown 
mme bought a dead horse, weighing 1,000 pounds or more, down, if the soil is kept in a favorable condition 
in.i buried it in my potato tic la; f.,r which I agm-d to pay for the formation of roots. 
him one dollars and fifty cents. I intend to make a com _, , t _ 
p st heap or long manure, rotton wood, leave*, near) __ „ 
lands, ashes, &«, and I wanted the dead horse to begin EXPERIENCE IN DRAINING.—NO. IIL 
with. My neielibors all think I have paid loo dear for - 
ihe uhiiile- und they often laugh at my dead-home ^ I1E arr; ingement and direction of drains ro- 
epeniltuion. Now, I would like to have notne c*tinj;i;e quires a good deal of judgment. Sometimes, in 
of the value of that dead home for manure. Stable a springy side hill, a short drain run across the 
manure is worth about 2a cent, pe,- wagon load, two bill will make it dryer than longer ones running 
mi es off, and scarce at that. Asha*, thoroughly leached, „„ and down. Often in such lulls there it, a «at 
at first make longer drams than are necessary, soon as frost is out of the ground, or in a few evident, therefore, that the soil of that particular 
Where stone are used, tins Involves little extra hours after a heavy rain. portion of his farm is, like much other land, not 
*“U® 0 " C0St - But Wh 7 e t,lc are used U be * Fin,ll| y- our <lrain « "0 all in good working or- calculated to give early maturity to the crop and 
comes quite a serious matter-two inch pipe are der, wl.h the exception of about fifteen rods thro’ hence unsuited to wheat The' warm dru carlo 
now Worth S10 m>r thmiwinrl I, • ... .... ........ ^ ui y, early 
The arrangement and direction of drains re- extra for every increased inch diameter. 
quires a good deal of judgment. Sometimes, in 
a springy side hill, a short drain run across the 
hill will make it dryer than longer ones running 
up and down. Often in such hills there is a fiat 
trouble or cost But where tile are used it be- Finally, our drains are all in good working or- 
comes quite a serious matter;—two Inch pipe are der, with the exception of about fifteen rods thro’ 
now worth §10 per thousand at Rochester, while sandy bottom, which is partially filled up. They 
three inch, are §15, and four inch $25 —thus mu- have already, so near as we can calculate, paid for 
king a great difference — with horse-shoe tile $4 themselves, principal and interest, and yet, with 
ixtia tm oveiy increased inch diameter. the above exception, give no signs of giving out, 
Where water docs not flow from higher land in¬ 
to the tile, but simply soaks in, two inch pipe are 
always large enough for any drain of nut more 
than fitty rods long,—beyond that, three inch had 
but promise a handsome dividend for the future. 
—w. J. p. 
and some wet, can be procured at lfi* cents per l„ad ‘ - ! ' U ' U tluin 111 l Y r " d * long,-beyond that, three inch h 
three milts away. The farm I am wo,king ba« been 8 , ° e or e veu dieh at the summit, which nut butter bo UBtd for the lower cud, unless, there 
MATTERS AND THINGS IN SOUTHERN N. Y. 
. ---- - ■> v« vuu^ HIM UCII7) VU VI U IQ 
only makes the top wet, but Soaks down through a very good fall. But it is always best to be sure Havino had occasion to visit parts of Livings- 
the sides— making even the side hill cold and wet. and make the drain large enough at first, and three toM ’ A Hoguny and Wyoming counties, recently, I 
We have a hill, with good fall, on the top of which or four inch pipe or horseshoe will genera, y be am «» ad *° add *y testimony in * or of their 7tZZ n ZTZ LTvZ. In ? 
is a bason of an acre and a half in which water found sufficient to cany off any stream of Ztel ml prosperity. The pastures are particularly £ rnnt tn L711 
occasionally stands m spring and fall, through that any one would think or underdraining. We finp - thou 8 h 80010 deficiency of stock to put in means for the necessary comforts of'life and'I f! 
which we intend to run one or two drains this have used no tile larger than this, and only eighty them is oomplained of in Southern New York, education of his children But here in rvntr^ 
fall, to empty » the mam ditch below. or ninty rods of four inch, hut we have about one W w>P-« Bomcbody said of somebody- Minnesota r Inds t L , * 
The north side of woods-especL.Uy if Ihe land hundred rods of stone drain that, in the smallest “ tbon g h oot Let there be un- per acre-lands tbatwin t auallt a n!r a a n U !, r fl 
slopes to the north-,s almost always cold and places, Is at least six by eight inches. It may he bounded diligence in saving it-scaroity comes anything in Western New Ym-!’tn 
worked hard, And has uo clover hwanl to plow uad**r, 1 ie wet, but Boalcs down tlirough a vary good 
and therefore I mast have manure 1 am Mibtoiltng my tbe e,,ie »— making even the side hill cold and wet. and make tin 
torn ground, aud feel »imi it will pay, in *pii« of my We b ave a hi*4 with good fall, on the top of which or four inch 
neighbors’ jesting, ax 1 find the "ubaeileu ground dry and is a bason of an acre and a half in which water found suffici 
eo-.lv worked—JuvBNJ8TiO, West Salem, p a . occasionally fitauds in spring find fall, through that any one 
Fiiere is much more valuable manure in your which we intend to run one or two drains this have need nr 
dead horse than you could get for the same fail, to empty in the main ditch below. or ninty rod 
amount of money, by buying ordinary statde The north side of woods—especially if ihe land hundred rod 
manure at 25 cents a load aud hauling it two slopes to the north —is almost always cold and places, is at 
miles. The only difficulty is in g.-tting it in a wet in the spring, from the slowly dissolving scarcely hoc 
condition to be available as food for plants, snows of winter soaking down, aud nowhere cau is four iusL 
I hose who have seen fish applied to corn in the drains be made more advantageously than in such inch—thus 1 
uill, on the sea coast, will have no doubtB about placeB. which last, ei 
’•he effects of such manuies. The best way to Another matter which should be attended to at a great qnau 
qply fur effect would doubtless be in this way, this season of the year:— The constant heaping A few w&ri 
D f Jl aB il would be so on-what difficult to get it «P of dirt in the center of the road, often with at ,d W e will , 
;sl ° 8ma11 pieces, the next best way will be to the culv.-rt just on the surface of the ground, and shall confine 
tottipost until decayed. Cover well with dry that half filled with leaves or dirt, aud soim-times 
lands arc the ones for wheat.— it. t. b. 
-—---- 
WHY PEOPLE SHOULD EMIGRATE WEST. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— The high price of 
land in most parts of the older settled States of 
the East, renders it almost impossible for a man 
whose only capital is his hands, to become the 
owner of a farm sufficieully large to support 
himself and fami'y. At least, before he can be¬ 
come the undisputed possessor of a farm, even 
mg it two slopes to the north —is almost always cold and places, is at least six by eight inches. It may he b °nnded diligence in saving it-scarcity comes anything in Western New York in IWrin i 
ng it in a wet ,n the spring from the slowly dissolving scarcely necessary to state that a four inch ditch ^looked for. Get in the bay as soon as it is just bJuty of scenerTand we l m 
tor plants, snows of winter soaking down, and nowhere can is four instead of tiro times as large as a two right, and don’t trust tbb weather. Cut it by the for a more heahhful 
ubtsTmt X 9bemadem ° readVantageOUHlyth,nin8UOh iDch -j hu8 2x2 =f; and < x4 = 16 00100 time or before the seed is in milk, and remember brooks issue from numerous uryital lakes,Zun^ 
ubts about places. which last, especially with good fall, will carry off that a week’s delay sacrifices one-half the crop. in* in the finest nnalit* Li > . 
!6t wa Y 10 A,)0th,jr matter whicl1 ab00ld be attended to at a great qaautity of water. Dairy products, cheese, especially, bring a good pebbled shored Ld ho!d . t 8Urr0Unded hy 
i this way, this season of the year:-The constant heaping A few words about th* av rtr, i -• price. ^ g S P^bfod shores, and bordered by green prames 
t, to -r no of dirt in the cuter ,.f th» r,.,.i ^ l * w ** rd * about thc ^ ts of Uoderdraiiimg , . ° r wavln ? grass, and groves of timber. Timber 
« ’ V- --m. j . . , . -15 5“ VD ‘> U4 UUiUlTt lIlljDer 
and we will close our draining experience. We . 1,0 W001 13 Ranl to be lighter than common; and prairie aro plenty, and the natural meadows 
Sfrr" 
PrieWmixinr^foLoy^^ doubt the pro- ncsrly half an acre of good land rendered almost 8houl0 thm!f> tbat (io jQ(1 {[Qm ^ cial condition of the country. There I. evidently costs nothlng-and hay for winter can becS 
“-POU * par^l, a ,,d c„,„ ».|,h the it Veeper th.n ,oa c»„ fiu d outlet fur., . 7 ? "’““‘V’’™ Uv“ 0 ,„d W ¥ilZZ 7a°°Z ‘ mJ"»t. I»«» «<l Ihk-Uigen, ,eo„re, 
aniematerial. There „o.hi» e g.ieed cum- you alreed/h-e a drain .» the lower .Se" .hit wUhfe^n el lLf j, . “"u'* "' -hTlre m^gool: Mr £rc°LciTit '"’’V™ ,tiU ™“* '*"■'» *-vitl nB «bceurplu} 
n")',”, 8 !°,f n"' '“““ rca ‘ h “ *™«““ *"’ liU ,othe "PP er 1110 Jeplha. that thuae drains baee paid ten ta fifteT^per cent “™r50ctot» for Iris wool; Mr. McNunsold early u'.'-Vo a r'oan «»'Lh of tt " E “‘- 
0,, ifcc/nf 8ldb e Drauure and animal bodies. One below, and charge it to the road tax. Ifthepath- intereaton their cost, il the improved uuditv and ftt 45 cts - I told him to tell thc purchaser for me ,,, IIT, “.“t Capital of from five 
th, f c f r "P° Btin K la t0 hasten the decay of master will not allow it, get yourself elected path- | I 1 **“kof a mL^ZL^dh.. fiaeen h,,ndred d0llarB ’ P- d — aod 
to' 1 g u 81611 deoa y°‘ master will not allow it, get yourself elected path- fo oreus cd ouamitv of the a, .,V7 that I could not think of a more suitable and . uu,uirH > wun P raaenoe an0 
t^atertuia that decompose B fow.y,,i ke muck, master next if you can, and do it! Itwiil ™ [T'jnT g to we..-dese, red compliment than^.if ’^ht T ^ f V 
decompose a h’ 1 ^ ^ T “ UCh g °°' J “ thTee ' fourtha of the wo ^ing we flnd them iu much better order lor crops U, an a P ound ’ aa a rewatfi of merit When wool buyers h “ w? ” h « 
the caL Hv t Afiother object » to save on the road, «nd much more than common, indis- ever before. Lately, however, wo have made a ^ for ' v0,>1 hording to its intrinsic worth, you of ,n w . n . h °' d U \ e ^ ' moral dut ^ 
this j 8 donit 1 tbU8Pe Unrig deC T P ° B,U0D ‘ and < r,,,J,ua ' e hea P in « °P of W- 1014 “'ml 4111 the center practice of draining all our fields before we plow may kee P a flhar P look oot - Mr. Editor, for the fln(1 'T? °„ C .° mf ° rt l for ^m^ves 
mould a ° greal ext6nt by tbe UHe of macb . of the roa(L A K«o d deal more of the road tax them or the first year after aud one cruu nsn.-ci- millenium. J d cb ' ldron 18 within their reach, to take advan- 
i j d charcoal. Ashes at one shilling ought to be a[>plied in draining water from the aiivu-into -n ' n I > -• P . . .. tage of it to procure land enough, when its 
l l0ad ara «heap manure. Many farmers we s.des of the road, as Z iirt aSi If maktai ™ firHm wtU generally repay the ex- Our anltcpattons o. a good crop of wheat are low price will come within their means, for all 
know of pay more than twenty times this price, the center firmer. And besides So Lblic higfo mZZTK-* T *T'm T “ ? ,1 t' examined many fields, their children. Then in their declining years 
and that it is profitable, and though we ways ought never to be so competed as course be positive for we can not foil how good and foood P«tty much all the early wheat safo. they will not be deserted, but share thc sympa- 
®° 0ld not understand it, never having ourselves private property. J hll ! Whejt W ° U d bftve beyn wltbout tho drams » Th ® Mediterranwii Bcema to be a little earlier thy, protection and as 8 (»tance of their children 
received benefits to warrant such an out lav, we. Much good can also be done bv butweare pretty sure that such is the case. We haatbe Dayton, but tho Dayton inclines to give for whom their prudence In former days has pro- 
have u ot fel t dig P o se ^ to question their experience laud in back furrows from the fouce-espelllY ™ ° VW drains ia mucb tbe ^ yield. With marked emphasis, I would vided a home about them. 
ever before. Lately, however, we have made a R'v Iur wool accoroing to its intrinsic woitb, you of a „ h , f f ‘“ v 
practice of draining all our fields before we plow ™^ a 8bal P ^ ou, Mr. Editor, for the and ^ J ^^^r^ ^ 1^ 
them, or tbe first year after, and one crop, espoci- millcnm.m t age of it-to procure land enough when its 
ally winter grain, will generally repay the ex- Our anticipations o| a good crop of wheat are low price will come within their means for all 
pensc, merely by the increase. We can not of now sure to be realized. I examined many fields, their children. Then in their declining years 
course be positive, for we can not foil how good aad found pretty much all the early wheat safe, they will not he deserted but share tho 
OUr wheat would h H.VD fiPl»n witfwml iVwt /I rn inn I Thft uniitna 4.-. I a* y *■ P‘ 
!n ^ ani * bevel Culture* 
urnnvH ,M,a ence 7"especially whiter and has a thinner bran than away from tow noto4 tut the early sorts—*ow early, on 
,„ r / Per 8 ":,° e 6 k !’ flll? leaves an them. Our Mediterranean (we have not ventured t>a riy ground. You may succeed with Soules, 
r.„». V ntftr .. ie ,ni< '’ w . ,c . W *H hold the yet to sow any other,) is being gradually trana- &e., but you onght not to try; you have no busi- 
We are aware that many in the East, forgetting 
that climate is tbe subject of other influences 
to our neighborhood “ l a ‘ r l “ e ftnCe ’ Wh ' Ch Wi)l hold th ° Y ot to 80 ^ a °Y other,) is being gradually trans- *«., but you onght not to try; you have no busi- * , , " Snr ’ J,!cr< other lo « o0o °eB 
^isruiisionio regard to S Zln 7*7 7^7 ^^ TbisBboold '°™ od into amber, and probably, in time. Into *». to Li the midge and invite it to tarry iTheTame 7?, T ^ ^ Wamer 
Srt- wV.l t L.‘ f / - CG an In.aweteeasonlikeLoor’hLth, among us; if you wi.f have such a guest you ^ ?Z ^ V„‘ ^ toe 
amt a waste of labor, but tbat crops are much , at drains will not be needed increased corn or oat crops would pay one half ought to keep it at homo. I have almost invari- far r(h . o ment, think «c are too 
leVel CUHUre - A8yuu have Biven US m ?e y r 8 :, r ‘ <lB r I 3 ; W b h T L he 8ar,ace Water fr0W thecostof 00 ^^ 11 ,*^ .ventaad^i. ably found Z midge in late wheat °?'? ^ ^ ,n MiMe ' 
/ l?00 ' J »'foice in regard to cultare, the import- u l’P er fields is held back by a dead furrow and son its effects would be itereentihlc T . ,, . ta we are in the same latitude of the vine-clad 
<«mr k T 08 lht KroUDd wel1 P'dverized, please give oondu °t ed doWH to the lowest place or places. The advantage of ucuin- in runs earlv • I • . P , Cd J b ® f, “° tann of “ 7 ' a,wr ” iBEL ’ of bllla of France » a "d the almost pereunwl shores 
jour opinion oa this question.-T ft ,t L.But these ideas will batoraim .u- JL, . * advan,a «e °f getting in crops early, m Livingston Go., now degenerated into a Senator, of tbe Pacific. Gre™ J* __ 
*,- -— - — • w, 00 juw unit) ViVpQ (jg ...” ' ” —•* 
‘Lee T f ^“ T J g8<>l) tld7iw 10 wgard to culture, the import- u l’D er de lds is held back by a dead furrow and 
ns™!! eepi og tbt ground well pulverized,please give condu cted down to the lowest place or places. 
J'iUr ODiblnn Ah 4 UI.- _ -- n n..A IL_ - t 
neatly so frequently where the surface tvater from 
jour oni m , in r — v - -- r—me auvamage ot getting in crops e 
A F, i860. quesnoa—T. H. J., Seneca Co , But these .dras will naturally suggest themselves spring, which draining eonfeis, we think i 
1— trt ‘I T1 » r.no m I ... n .. 1 .. J ; __ 
the cost of underdraining, and even in a dry sea- aljl Y found the midge in late wheat, 
son its effects would be perceptible. I p „ 88c d the fine farm of “Farm. 
The advantage of getting in crops early, in Livingston Co., now degenerated in 
We k u 
to any one who begins to drain. 
is worth 
the Pacific. Green peas and new potatoes, 
The genial Senator invited me to sapper, which, raised without the aid of hot beds, 
were plenty 
persons On all our drained fields we can plow almost as I informed that the wheat was sown early; it is i It i 3 ’only { J t ^ar's since the first settlement 
IRVING. N * 
