It is worthy of notice that the observation in 
Brown's Grammar, referred to by “Correspon¬ 
dent,*' is very mild. It neither charges the oppo¬ 
site use with etymological nor grammatical im¬ 
propriety, bat treats the subject as merely a matter 
of preference. We remark further: 
1. The use of never in the sentences condemned 
by “Correspondent,” is supported by Webster 
and Worcestsk in their Quarto Dictionaries. 
Worcester expressly says that this criticism of 
grammarians is an unnecessary refinement; and 
that the above use of never is good English, (we 
quote from memory, not having his dictionary 
before us.) 
2. It ha 3 the sanction of good use for at least 
the last two centuries. With this authority we 
rest satisfied until “ Correspondent” shall adduce 
equally conclusive counter evidence. 
We close our article with the following Queries: 
Why this modern crusade against a legitimate 
word? Have the savans of our day become of¬ 
fended with this inojfensivencss ? If so, what are 
the grounds of conmlaint? Justitia. 
LINN2EU8 THE BOTANIST, 
(Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.] 
THE TEACHER AND HIS PUPIL. 
Recently we have been reading the life of the 
grout Botanist Linn.ws, —of his atrugglcs between 
that inward and uncontrollable love of nature, 
which caused him to climb the rugged mountains 
in search of strange plants, and obedience to the 
commands of his stern, yet well-meaning father. 
He designed his son fer the Church, and looked 
upon his love of Botany us idle and useless, inter¬ 
fering with his proper studies, and distracting 
his mind. Kindly and nobly his loved mother 
shielded him from his father's anger, and framed 
all the apologies she could think of to screen her 
loved child. Woman quiukor than man discerns 
the good and the true, and in her ufllicted, yet 
patient and dutlfnl boy, she behold the true 
glory of her family aud her name. YouugLiN- 
N/Kus never neglected the studies assigned him 
by his father aud teachers, and employed only his 
hours of recreation in his favorite puvsnit. Yet, 
in a fit of disappointment, and perhaps of anger, 
at the refusal of hia son to promise to relinquish 
forever the study of plants, the future Botanist 
was taken from school, and apprenticed to a shoe¬ 
maker. Soon after this he came near dying from 
a disoase of the brain, caused no donbt by excite¬ 
ment and trouble. The physician who attended 
him hud sense enough to understand his charac¬ 
ter,—gave his father some good advico, and there¬ 
after tho path of the persevering Botanist was 
smooth and pleasant. 
We had purposed to give a synopsis of the life 
of the great Swedish savan, for tho encourage¬ 
ment of young men, but wo find tho following, 
which answers our purpose, furnished by a cor¬ 
respondent of the North British Agriculturist, 
now traveling in Sweden: 
** Ljnn.eos was the only son of a country gentle¬ 
man of very moderate means, and was horn on tho 
3d of May, (old style,) 1707, and showed in early 
youth a predilection for the study of natural his¬ 
tory, by wandering Into the fields and forests in 
quest of plants and insects, His father had pur¬ 
posed him for the Church, and Bent him to the 
Academy, but it was discovered that from his 
roving habits in the forests, ho had made but poor 
progress, and fouud at length, when he should 
have been fitted for College, that he knew more 
of plants and worms, than Latin and Greek. Ho 
therefore determined, in great disappointment, to 
learn him a trade, and fixed upon that of a shoe¬ 
maker us the only thing ho would be fit for. A 
friend of his father’s, however, a Professor of 
Medicine, having a better opinion of his talents, 
determined to avert such a fate from tho young 
philosopher, took him homo and educated him as 
one of the family, and initiated him Into the 
mysteries of physic. Afterwards Hent him to the 
College at Upsaia, where, with scanty purse, he 
Once more I feign would write for the enter¬ 
prising coulmns of the Rural, inspired by the 
thought that a bint may be thrown out which will 
prove of service to some faithful teacher or his 
devoted pupil. 
In a late issue I find reference made to a former 
Article, by one who recognizes the writer as a 
“former teacher.” Who the pnpil is, the writer 
is at present unable to decipher; for daring a 
course of nearly twenty-five years of constant 
labor in the school-room, several thousand child¬ 
ren and youths have been the recipients of his 
instructions, and have gone into all parts of the 
world, and into all the departments of active, 
ogeful, and business life, to carry out in practice 
v,bat has been received in theory, as principles of 
action, and to demonstrate whether those princi¬ 
ples, together with the daily example of the 
teacher, were sufficient to enable them to steer 
their barks safely over the sea of life, and finally 
moor in the “ Haven of ItCBt.” 
The relation of teacher and pupil is a sacred 
one, frequently but little thought of while it ex¬ 
ists; but in tho lapse of time, when the boy has 
become the man, and reflects the Image of his 
“ as iB the boy, so 
as the teacher t so is the pupil,” 
EDUCATION WITHOUT STUDY. 
view on senkca lake, 
Is this a new invention 7 No. The theory lias 
been in practice for years: what is the result ? 
Graduated dunces. Is it a scheme of parents or 
children? Both. Do explain —what is it? The 
parent thinks, as he pays high tuition, he ought not 
to concern himself about his children's education, 
and the child iB very glad not to be examined and 
so gets along 
as mnoh as he pleases and 
until lost in a cloud of feathery spray. Seneca 
Lake is about forty miles in length from north to 
south, and ranging from two. to four miles in 
width. Geneva is at the foot or northern end, and 
Jefferson at the head. The water is very deep- 
said to be 500 feet 12 miles above the outlet, and 
never freezes over. The outlet, flowing from tho 
north-eastern part, affords extensive water power 
at Waterloo aud Seneca Falls. Crooked Lake 
outlet enters Seneca Lake from the west at Dres¬ 
den, 12 miles above Geneva. In a future number 
we may give other views on this lake, as well as 
of Seneca River. 
Seneca Lake is one of the largest and most 
beautiful of the Lakes of Western New York. 
Never shall we forget the day, when, having 
accepted an invitation from Captain Daken, 
commander of the steamer Ben Loder, aud a 
lover of fruits and flowers, and an intelligent 
and persevering cultivator, we found ourselt for 
the first time upon the surface of this crystal 
lake. The banks of this lake present every variety 
that the eye can desire. Here, gently sloping, 
and cultivated even to the water’s edge, or clothed 
with forest foliage,— there, bold and rocky, with 
the Rilver stream jumping from ledge to ledge, 
have his acquisitions tested 
smoothly—studies 
plays the remainder of his time, which is tho 
larger portion. But where is the education? The 
teacher will impart that any how—he is so learn¬ 
ed a man. Without the efforts of the pupil? Cer¬ 
tainly; what is he good for, if our children have 
to endure all tho drudgery of study? That is the 
idea, the invention, to imbibe knowledge from the 
instructor as plants imbibe moisture from humid 
ground. If this Is the plan, why not make a 
scholar out of a piece of sponge which has very 
strong imbibing powers? Fit up the machinery 
to bold the boflks, and see what a scholai' would bo 
produced. 
But the planter knows that unless the grass and 
weeds are kept under and tho soil cultivated, the 
crop will be very small and tbo grain immature: 
so if you depend upon the imbibing process, you 
will bo but a nubin scholar at best. Study standB 
in relation to scholarship as does food to life: as 
be that cats little or nothing, just, enough to sus¬ 
tain sloth or snail existence, will reach only to 
pigmy size; so with study, for it alone can pro¬ 
duce scholarship. The hungry boy asked for a 
breakfast, and stood by the fire while the cooking 
process was going on, and was satisfied by the 
savory odor of the dishes and refused to pay for 
teacher, the oft repeated adage, 
is the man,” or, 
is made perceptiblo beyond the shadow of a doubt, 
and the truth it contains felt, alas! often too late 
to avoid the direful conseqaences which have fol¬ 
lowed from the relationship, however long or short 
its duration. Impressions made npon the young 
mind are lasting, and happy, Indeed, is that teacher 
who sees himself reflected, as from a mirror, in 
the well ordered life and conduct of a former 
pnpil, who can grasp him warmly by the hand, 
and with moistened eye thank him kindly for 
past instructions, and acknowledge them as tho 
guiding Btar of his life, and the inspiring agent in 
all his actions in tho business, moral, and social 
world. 
Joyous above measure is the reunion of teacher 
and pupil, where each looks npon the other with 
emotions of honest pride, in the mutual acknowl¬ 
edgement of obligations flowing from past associ¬ 
ations, and the recognition of principles and 
practices which reflect honor and credit npon 
erring humanity, and shed a luster upon the mo¬ 
tives which inspire the true man in his onward 
march of life. 
Teachers are not always able to so control their 
pupils as to give permanent character, mainly for 
two reasons,—want of time, and counter influences 
at home and other places outside the school-room; 
but the faithful instructor makes an impression 
which, will ever be remembered, though it may 
not always govern. The pnpil who has often been 
chided for delinquency, will, in after years, meet 
his teacher with a filial affection, and give due 
credit for faithful dealing. Many examples of 
this have come under the writer's own observa 
tion, enough to convince him that the surest way 
to secure and retain the confidence and respect 
of a pupil, is to faithfully discharge the duties of 
a teacher, even to the application of severe chas¬ 
tisement, or suspension, when the case demands. 
The young pupil iB not slow to discover the 
failings of his instructor, and though he may he 
pleased to escape from duty, or justice, will not 
be satisfied with hia improvement in science or 
morals; and as age and experience chase away 
his boyish freaks, he will look back with regret 
upon misspent time under unskillful hands, aud 
will not fail to hold in contempt the author of his 
intellectual, social, or moral delinquencies. 
The true mission of the teacher, is to prepare 
the pupil for the business of life, in bis intercourse 
with his fellowmen, in every sphere of human 
action. This business has its influence not only 
upon this life, but upon that which lies beyond 
the present, where all will be known by their true 
character, irrespective of professions or vocations 
here. Hence the importance of keeping before 
the mind of the pnpil the idea that “Goo looks 
npon the heart, not upon the outward appearance,” 
and that all labor is honorable,—that the common 
laborer’s and their families are entitled to no less 
respect than those ranked as professional, provid¬ 
ed they do their work welL In short, the man 
dignifies the calling or vocation, and not the call¬ 
ing or vocation the man. Now, thanking my 
pnpil for his complimentary notice, and trusting 
that I shall lose none of my laurels as a teacher 
by becoming a “ farmer,” I subscribe myself, as 
before, x. y. z. 
Wheatville, N. Y., 1880. 
to be much greater than five miles a second, and 
these atones were picked up warm, with their 
outside melted; had its course about 9* W. of 
South, and its distance above the earth eighteen 
miles; and had a magnitude of at least one-fourth 
of a mile in diameter, as it was seen 150 miles 
from tho nearest point of its course. Only a 
very small portion of this meteor was discovered, 
or probably felL As the combustion ceased im¬ 
mediately alter the explosion, the rest of tho 
body doubtless passed out of our atmosphere, 
and held on in its course. The largest piece dis¬ 
covered weighed above fifty pounds. 
The late meteor, though targe and splendid, 
may not have been so large. 
In Prof. Bartlett’s Astronomy is briefly “men¬ 
tioned the remarkable meteor of August l8tli, 
1783, which traversed the whole of Europe from 
Shetland to Rome, with a velocity of 30 miles a 
second, at a height of 50 milea above the earth, 
with a light greatly surpassing that of a full 
moon, and diameter quite half a mile. It chang¬ 
ed its form visibly and quietly, separated into 
several distinct parts, which proceeded in parallel 
directions, each followed by a train.” 
Here the splendid meteor of tho 20th came 
from a few degrees north of west, and moved to 
the south of east, at an elevation above the hori¬ 
zon of about 50", and of course passed south of 
(Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.] 
ON METEORS-WHAT ARE THEY? 
BY PROF. DEWEY, D. D., LL. D. 
meteor of Friday night, July 20th. The answer 
to be given is not the most easy. Still, it is de¬ 
sirable to gratify teuBonable curiosity as far as 
science can. 
Meteors are of different kinds, from their orl 
gin. The meteoric shower of 1833 presented 
one kind, probably very like those shooting start) 
which dart across our sky In the evening and 
night, with a train of light, and appear to be soon 
consumed, leaving none but a momentary trace. 
Others appear to be mere exhalations from our 
earth, and have a short motion in the lower part 
of tho atmosphere. Others, like the late wander¬ 
er,—often called balls of Jire, or balls on fire ,— 
are truly meteors, or bodies high, and large, and 
rapid In their motion. They have been supposed 
to be ejected from volcanoes on the earth, by 
some; from the moon, by others; to bo formed 
in the atmosphere by some cause, set in motion, 
aud appearing in fulling stones, by others; to be 
bodies revolving round the earth, a sort of terres¬ 
trial comets, by others; to he portions of that 
great (imagined) planet between Mars and Jupi¬ 
ter, which hurst into the asteroids, by others; 
and to be Mnull planetary bodies, revolving round 
the sun, and occasionally coming near the orbit 
of the earth where the earth then happens to be 
in its annual course. This last iB the only plausi- 
ible view of them, held by eminent astronomers. 
Meteors have been so often seen, and careful 
calculations made from observations of them, 
that they are estimated to be from 10 to M0 miles 
above the earth. They have been calculated to 
be from 100 feet in diameter to that of half a 
mile, and even more. They must move with 
great velocity, because they do not fall to the 
earth in their course. Gravitation would soon 
bring them to the earth, without this velocity, 
which baa been estimated from eighteen to thirty- 
six miles a second. A locomotive may move a 
mile in a minute, though half that velocity is 
quite rapid. Now, 18 miles a second is 1,080 
mileB a minute. 
If a body were to revolve round the earth’s 
equator, its time would be 844 minutes, which 
would give, as the earth’s equator is about 25,000 
miles, 205 miles a minute, which would only be 
near five miles a second. At an elevation of 20 or 
40 miles above the earth, the force of gravity 
would be less indeed, but the velocity would he 
much less than the least calculated velocity of 
meteors, viz., 18 miles a second. 
This velocity and distance from the earth, and 
magnitude, lead astronomers to the conclusion, 
that such meteors belong to a planetary system 
whose bodies revolve round the sun on the com¬ 
mon planetary laws. The inference to be made 
journal, entitled ‘Lachesis Lapponica.’ After 
which he went to Holland, where he resided three 
years, during which he paid a short visit to Eng¬ 
land, where he also added much to hi» knowledge. 
At the end of that period ho returned to Sweden, 
and settled in Stockholm asu physician, and there 
married, 
But it is a aad mistake—the whole is so rotten 
that it does not deserve the pains of exposure. 
When a Railroad is constructed to run up the 
Hill of Science, I may give credit to the plausi¬ 
bility of the theory—not before; for a thorough 
education will be acquired by neither —the one 
depends npon the teacher, the other npon the 
cars; hut as only footmen ever ascend the Hill; 
so students, studying hoys and girls, not imbibers, 
will have an education with the name. The 
thirsty man must drink, not depend upon imbibing 
moisture through the pores; he will die of thirst, 
and you, you passive imbiber of knowledge, will 
Parent,” in Georgia Journal 
While here he originated the Academy 
of Sciences, and was elected its first President 
With all this, however, he was not contented— 
something of a higher order floating in his mind, 
till be was Anally appointed, 1740, Professor of 
Botany in tho University of Upsaia. This was the 
goal for which he had been always striving, and 
Providence, with his own abilities, ultimately 
favored him in hia longing desires. From the 
Professor’s Chair and the Printing Press, together 
his fame spread over the scientific world,—drew 
students to the University, and honors to himself, 
from all parts of the world, 
die of ignorance, 
of Education. 
He occupied the 
Chair for the long period of thirty-eight years, 
and died In 1778, at the age of 71. His father 
fortunately lived to see him at the climax of his 
scientific career and world-wide fame. How dif¬ 
ferent from the fate he intended for him ! 
“ The number of hia publications was immense 
in the Bcveral departments of Botany, Zoology, 
lehthiology, and Mineralogy, besides Physic. He 
arranged plants into genera and species, discover¬ 
ed their sexual nature and principles, and simpli¬ 
fied their nomenclature—naming them according 
to some common generic characteristic. He ac¬ 
complished thiB mighty task upon a list of about 
8,000 different plants; but this has been immense¬ 
ly added to since his day. After his death his 
mother and sisters, into whose hands they fell, 
fearing that the University of Upsaia would not 
give their value, disposed of bis collection to Dr. 
Smith of London, but a graduate of the University 
of Edinburgh, for 1,000 gs. The King of Sweden 
happening to be absent from the country daring 
this transaction, and having heard that it had just 
been shipped off for England, and regarding it as 
a national loss and disgrace, despatched a quick 
sailing ahlp-of-war In pursuit to overtake and 
bring It back, bat it was unavailing—the English 
merchantman beat the Swedish man-of-warin this 
scientific pursuit, and landed them safely inLon- 
don, with all his books and manuscripts to boot.” 
[Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.] 
“EVER AND NEVER,” 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In a recent issue of 
your journal, there appeared a critique from the 
pen of “ Correspondent,” on the above words, in 
which the writer assumes that the adverb never is 
incorrectly used in such expressions as “never 
bo justly, never bo eloquent, never so mourn¬ 
fully,” &c„ and urges as proof of the correctness 
of his position:—“They [ever and never] are 
diametrically opposite in meaning, yet * * * 
never is here carelessly used instead of ever,” 
and then concludes hia article by referring the 
reader “to observation second, under rule 15th, 
on the lolth page of Brown’s Grammar ” for the 
authority in the case. That portion of the obser¬ 
vation applicable to the subject under considera¬ 
tion reads as follows:—“But as the negative ad¬ 
verb applies only to time, ever is preferable to 
n«er in sentences like the following:—‘Now let 
man reflect but never so little on himself ‘Which 
will not harken to the voice ef charmers, charm¬ 
ing never so wisely.’ ”—Ps. 58: 5. 
New Cement. —Professor Edmnnd Davy, lately 
read a paper to the Royal Dublin Society, on a 
cement which he obtains by melting together in 
common 
an iron vessel, two parts (by weight,) of 
pitch, with one part of gutta-percha. It forms a 
homogeneous fluid, which is much more man¬ 
ageable for many useful purposes than gutta¬ 
percha alone, and which, after being poured into 
cold water, may be easily wiped dry, and kept for 
use. The cement adheres with the greatest ten¬ 
acity to wood, stone, glass, porcelain, ivory, 
leather, parchment, paper, hair, feathers, silk, 
woolen, cotton, Ac. 
To feel terribly beaten is a good sign; the more 
resources a man is conscious of, the deeper he 
will feel his defeat But to feel unnsnally elated 
at a victory, indicates that our strength did not 
warrant it,—that we had gone beyond our re¬ 
sources. 
