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ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 18 , 1800 , 
MOOKE’S RUKAL NEW-YOUKER, 
AS ORIUIXAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
ticed,—many a drain upon the manure heap now 
unnoticed, would receive consideration and at¬ 
tention. 
The bulk of the wheat crop in this section was 
secured before the 30th of July, yet on that day a 
great deal remained uncut, although it was “white 
unto the harvest.” Viewing these Holds of stand¬ 
ing grain, and the laborers at work therein, it 
almost seemed m though the primitive days of 
fanning hereabouts bad returned, for not a single 
reaping machine was in operation,—the “cradle” 
h id come forth from its state of inglorious inac¬ 
tivity, and under the influence of its measured 
awing food for the huugry was being garnered. 
Hands were extremely scarce, and we saw but, 
one Held in which more than a single crudler was 
employed. Carious to know the cause of sneh 
novel procedure, our bump of Inquisitiveness 
found vent at the tongue, and we learned that the 
late rains had rendered the ground so soft it was 
found impossible to use machinery effectually,— 
the earth was full of water. Were the drains of 
sufficient capacity to relieve the soil from a super¬ 
abundance of moisture? Here was the rub. In 
one instance there had been some underdraining 
done, but the conduits wore not as numorons as 
they should be,—In another, a system of drainage 
had been projected, but the failure of the crop in 
past years, because of the ravages of the midge, 
had collapsed the pockets of the proprietor, and 
it was still the offspring of the brain,—in still an¬ 
other, the “ natural drainage” was considered all 
that was necessary, except in just such seasons us 
the present. The golden promises with which 
every wheat field was enlivening the farmers of 
the Genesee Valley a few weeks since, were likely 
to prove false to some, and there was any amount 
of fretting and fuming thereat. Extra help wan 
not to be had,— if the weather proved dry, loss 
would be incurred by the grain shelling; if wet, 
it would as certainly sprout,—either horn of the 
dilemma was anything hut agreeable. 
The “ one thing needful” had been overlooked, 
or it “ could not be afforded, just then,” and a 
destruction which would amount to double its 
cost was threatening. Some of those, however, 
who are not yet awake to the importance of pro¬ 
viding outlets for surplus water in the soil, may 
console themselves with the reflection that so wet 
a July is very rare,—almost unheard of,— but we 
would remind Buch individuals that it was not wet 
harvest seasons which brought into operation the 
modes of drainage adopted by our most success¬ 
ful farmers. In the Rural of August 4th, may be 
found sufficient facts to arouse any man who 
thinks. In water-soaked soils the necessary heat 
cannot be generated,—vegetation does not re¬ 
ceive a tithe of the benefit it ought from stimu¬ 
lants applied,—the air is shut out, and half 
drowned roots will not furnish nutriment to any¬ 
thing more than a half-developed crop. 
We might multiply similar cases indefinitely, 
but these will suffice. 11 undreds who are longing 
lor an increase in the number of their acreB, and 
casting their glances to the ends of the earth in 
the vain hope of gratifying the desire of the heart, 
totally overlook the advantages already contained 
in their fee simple, which, if judiciously used, 
would confer greater benefits than could possibly 
arise, were their estates doubled in extent. A 
just appreciation and proper use of the blessings 
our own homeB Can bestow is imposed upon us,— 
when those fail, it will be early enough to go 
abroad seeking aid and consolation. 
The second case referred to sufficiently exhibits 
the necessity of beginning, continuing, and ending 
right, in the varied duties connected with agri¬ 
cultural pursuits. Mechanics, generally, may go 
back, alter, and reconstruct,— the farmer may 
perform every required task, save one, in a proper 
and thorough mauner, yet that single omission 
might prove to be the “ one thing needful.” The 
meed of reward is the incitement to toil, and we 
must ever bear in mind that thorough cultivation 
is the only avenue to profitable farming. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors 
Thk Rural Nkw-Yorkkr Is designed to he unsurpassed 
in Value, i’urlty, r-ui'ulness and Variety of Contents, and 
nniuue and beautiful In Appearance. Its Conductor dn votes 
his personal attention to the supervision of its vaniius de¬ 
partments, aad earnestly labors to render the Rural ari 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical. 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
busi ne's of those whose interests it yeolously advocates 
As a Family Jocrxal it is eminently Instructive and En¬ 
tertaining — being so conducted that it can be safely taker, 
to the Hearts and Hornes of people m intelligence, taste 
and discrimination It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, .Scientific, Educational, Literary aud News Matter, 
interspersed w.tb appropriate and beautiful Engravings, 
than any other journal,—rendering it the most complete 
Agricultural, Literary and Family NKWsPArER in 
America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
WtBKm. 
ONE THING NEEDFUL. 
.A. COM V FGTJT Hlisrr STOCK I 5A.3f.ISr 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— I send you the 
plan of a barn I built in the summer of 1850, 
together with statement of its arrangement, man¬ 
ner of construction, Ac. My barn is of medium 
size, designed to stable about 40 head of cattle, 
and the storing of fodder that will feed tiiat 
amount of stock. It consists of a main building 
and two wings. The main building, 35 by 45, 
fronting the east The wings are built at the 
west end and at right angles with the main build¬ 
ing, running past or on to the same 1() feet. The 
south wing is 24 by 45; north wing 30 by 50. 
All of the middle basement is used for stabling, 
and has an alley in center with stalls and man¬ 
gers on each side hieing t.be same. The passage 
ways from this stable open into that portion of 
wing basements which is used for shed and storing 
of manure. The other stabling is in north end of 
north wing and south end of south wing. These 
rooms are ventilated and lighted by 20d!ghl 7 by- 
0 windows, that let down from top, 7 in main 
stable, and 1 in each of the other two, beside sev¬ 
eral In top of wall, (■ lighted 8 by 10, hung with 
hiuges and buttoning up to timbers above. The 
bottom is cobble stone aud sand paved into the 
earth. 
The plan of upper portion of this building is as 
follows:—Floor 14 by 45 on the north side and 
lengthwise of Center building; bay on south side 
21 by 15, taking therefrom the passage way, 10 
feet wide, 7 high; also, space for stairs and small 
space for pitching fodder below, and loft over 
floor as is common where the floor is placed in 
center. The north wing floor is 13 by 30; hay 21 
by 30, taking therefrom the same as other bay. 
Granary 10 by 20, 8 feet high; passage way 10 by 
18, 8 feet high. Over these is a loft. The south 
wing lower floor, 24 by 45, is a tool room and 
workshop, with the exception of small space at 
south cud, used for dropping fodder from loft 
above to stable below. Posts 15 feet in center 
and north wing; south 12 feet; windows 12 lights, 
8 by 10, lor ventilating; 15 light 7-by-l) windows 
in gables. The siding is pine, one inch, planed 
aud matched. Projection of roof 2 feet. Paint, 
zinc. 
The angles formed by connecting buildings 
together in this way, make a very leeward space 
that cannot bo obtained in buildingB of most 
other forms. The wall of basement is higher 
than the old method of building Buch walls, and 
this I consider very necessary to the health of 
stock as well as the preservation of timbers over¬ 
head; in fact, I consider my mode of ventilating 
ample. The different partB being of the same 
grade, it is much more convenient passing in and 
out with stock and manure, than if some parts 
wore higher or lower than others. I consider 
BASEMENT. 
//, //, Manure Sheda; h, Staliles; J, (whole of main 
basement,) Stables; /. .Stalls. 
The ground wub an easterly slope, with a fall of 
about 2 feet to the rod, the earth being removed 
until a level was obtained. The basement walls 
are 8 feet high, 2 feet thick, constructed of cobble 
stone, laid in cement, witli trench underneath 2 
feet deep, 24 wide. There is a space, you will 
notice, in front of each wing not walled in. This 
part is used for shed and manure, and this space 
is necessary for these purposes. 
MAIN FLOOR. 
J, Tool Room; It, Bay; C, Floor; U, Passage Way; E, 
Granary; b\ Floor; G, Buy. 
stone flooring much preferable to plank, as it 
soon becomes water-tight; therefore, there is no 
foul matter arising as with leaky floors. I could 
describe my mode of constructing stalls, man¬ 
gers, fastening of animals, shape of bottom, Ac., 
but suppose it is not necessary. I cannot state 
the exact cost, but as near as I can calculate, it is 
from $1,300 to $2,000. L. B. Hardino. 
Clinton, Oneida Co., N. Y., 1860. 
farmers, as well as by agricultural writers. We 
have before us a valuable little work by Josiaii 
Quincy, Jk., of Massachusetts, who, with his 
father, may well be considered the pioneers of 
this practice in New England. Last winter we 
had the pleasure of hearing an interesting ad¬ 
dress from Mr. Q. on this subject, and gave our 
readers the most important points. We now par- 
pose to make a few extracts from the work refer¬ 
red to, sufficient to give a correct idea of the 
workings of the system. 
Mr. Q. says,—•• My farm being compact, the an¬ 
noyance of having fifteen or twenty head of cat¬ 
tle driven night and morning to und from the 
pasture; the loss of lime Ju often turning the 
team and plow, owing to the number of interior 
fences, and the loss of surface of good land capa¬ 
ble of being plowed, owing to them and the many 
head lands, all drew my attention to the subject 
of ‘soiling’ and its effects. 
I found that European writers maintained that 
six distinct advantages were to be obtained by the 
practice of ‘soiling,’ over that of pasturing cattle 
in the summer season: 
1. It saved land. 
2. It saved fences. 
3. It economized food. 
4. It kept cattle in better condition and greater 
comfort. 
5. It produced more milk. 
6 . It increased the quantity and quality of 
manure. 
Satisfied in my own mind of the beneficial ef¬ 
fects of the piactice, I adopted it in the year 
1814, and adhered to it until 1822, keeping from 
fifteen to twenty head of milch cows, witli some 
oiher stock, and with entire satisfactory success. 
From that time, being occupied in various public 
offices, in Boston and vicinity, I exercised no 
superintendence over ray farm for twenty years. 
Resuming its management ill 1817, I returned 
to the prm tice of soiling. Since then, 1 have 
kept from thirty to thirty five head of milch cows 
in this WHy; so that, in rny mind, my experience 
is conclusive on the subject” 
He says that one acre soiled from, will produce 
at least as. much as three acres pastured in the 
usual way, aud that “ there is no proposition in 
Nature more true than that any good farmer may 
maintain upon thirty acres of good arable land, 
twenty head of cattle the year round, in better con¬ 
dition, aud greater comfort to the aniuulla, with 
more profit, less labor, less trouble, and less cash 
advance for himself than lie at the present mode 
expends upon a hundred acres.” He further 
sayB:—‘‘My own experience has always been less 
than this, never having exceeded seventeen acres 
for twenty head.” 
“To produce a sufficient quantity and succes¬ 
sion of succulent food—about one and a half or 
two square rods of ground to each cow to be soil¬ 
ed—sow as follows: 
As early in April as the State of the land will 
permit, which is usually between the 5th and 10th, 
on properly-prepared land, oats at the rate of four 
bushels to the acre. 
About the 20th of the same month, sow either 
oata or barley, at the same rate per acre, in like 
quantity and proportions. 
Early in May, sow, in like manner, either of the 
above grainB. 
Between the loth and 20th of May, sow Indian 
corn, (Southern Dent being best,) in drills, three 
bushels to the acre, in like quantity and propor¬ 
tions. 
About the 25th of May, sow corn, in like man¬ 
ner aud proportions. 
About the 5th of Jane, repeat the sowing of 
corn, as above. 
After the last-mentioned sowing, barley should 
be sown in the above-mentioned quantity and 
proportions, in the following successions, on the 
15th and 25th of June, and in the first week in 
July, barley being the best qualified to resist, the 
early tYosts.” 
These vaiious provisions for a variety of crops 
will supply food something in the following or¬ 
der, viz: 
“ The oats, sown early in April, will be ready 
to cut, for soiling, between the 1st and 15th of 
July, and will usually remain succulent until 
about the middle of tbe month. 
Those Hown about the 20th of April be ready to 
cut the loth and 20th of July, and will last nearly 
or quite till the 1st of August. 
Those sown early in May will he ready to sne- 
SOILING OF STOCK. 
This is a subject that will engage the especial 
attention of farmers for some years to come. We 
do not say that the system will be generally 
adopted; but we believe that as it becomes better 
known it will meet with more favor, and be found 
to exactly suit the circumstances and wants of a 
large class of the farmers and stock-growers of 
the country. By " green soiling,” or “soiling,” 
we mean tbe practice of keeping animals in barns, 
and feeding them on green food grown and cut 
for the purpose, insteud of allowing them to run 
in pastures. It is usual to allow them to run in 
the yard a short time daily, for air and exercise. 
The advantages of this plan are being freely dis¬ 
cussed among the more enterprising practical 
L 
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Juraj 
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2 IK 30 
