black and a gray were beautiful animals of their 
kind, but I thought them too large. There was 
also a very good show of Durham Cattle. A Mr. 
Thompson showed some very good, and a large 
number. There were others that showed very 
good Durhama. There were also some very good 
fat cattle shown. A live year old Devon heifer 
(imported,) waa very fine and very fat, although 
I believe she only got the second premium, a 
Durham heifer of same age being fatter on the 
rib. They were both superior. 
But the sheep excelled all. They were in great 
numbers, and for fat and Bizo I question if they 
could be surpassed anywhere. Mr. Wm. Jeffrey 
had some very line. A Mr. Guy bad also Borne 
that were very good. Bat Ihey were all good — 
not a bad lot among them. I examined Mr. Jef¬ 
frey's and Mr. Cry’s on their farms, and really I 
think there can he no further improvement made 
on them. Mr. Jeffrey’s are pure Leicester,—Mr. 
Gfy’b have some cross of the Cots wold, at least 
a portion of them. Mr. City has also some pure 
Cheviots. It was forty years Mince I had seen any 
of them. They were fat and fine, and I think pure 
bred; hut the Leioesters and Cota wolds are so 
much larger, they will always be the favorites in 
Canada, although I think a cross with the Cheviot 
might give them more hardiness and also improve 
the mutton. At Mr. Guy's I saw his buck that 
took the fu st premium at Kingston, for three jrnar 
olds, last year. He then weighed 3.32 Its. He is 
now so enormously fat that it is with great diffi¬ 
culty he cun rise. I never saw his equal. It is 
worth a journey to Canada to sec him. 
I was delighted with ithe sheep I saw at the 
show and on Mr. Jeffery’s and Mr. Guy's farms. 
There was a pair of fat ewes shown that took the 
first premium; said to weigh, together, 480 lbs. 
They were as broad in the hack as a good Durham 
cow. The Canadian farmers can make wonderful 
sheep. Mr. Jeffrey had photographs taken of 
some of his bucks, hut they were not so good as 
the originals. 
The wheat crop in that section has been excel¬ 
lent this season. Their spring wheat was a very 
large crop, but I did not think the quality very 
good. They can raise but little winter wheat near 
the lake (Ontario.) The midge ruins it there, but 
from twenty to forty miles back, they raise excel- 
leut white wheat. I heard of one Cue field of live 
acres in the township of Scott, that gave 62 1(M>0 
bushels per acre. The field was summer fallowed, 
and the neighbors said the owner kept plowing it 
from spring until seeding time, manured it and 
put a largo quantity of aBhes on it; hut they 
acknowledged it paid him after all. That was a 
larger crop than I ever saw. I brought samples 
of the best white winter wheat found, but it is no 
better than some here, although it, was said to 
produce more to the aero. I think if they would 
sow from 200 to 000 lbs. of salt to the acre on 
there spring wheat, it would improve the quality 
very much. The straw, although not rusted, is of 
a dull, dark color; and when such is the case, the 
auality of the wheat is never ttr*-* ran. i advised 
a gentleman last year, who lives north of Ilice 
Lake, to try salt. I saw his foreman this year; ho 
told me they salted part of their spring wheat, 
and it was better by far than that not salted. 
Yours, Ac., John Johnston. 
Near Geneva, K. Y.. 1S0O. 
KEEPING CORN IN CRIBS, &c, 
Messrs. Editors: — The preservation of corn 
in cribs is a subject that has yet been discussed in 
the Rfhae, to my recollection. It is quite an 
expense and trouble to erect narrow cribs three 
and a half feet wide to store a large crop of corn 
in, and wider cribs seldom keep it sound. Many 
farmers use a temporary rail crib to store their 
corn in; but there is much waste in such imper¬ 
fect and ill secured structures, as all the corn 
shelling off in the handling is lost, and the diffi¬ 
culty in covering properly tends to injure or 
weather-heat considerable on the top of the crib. 
Corn houses, as commonly constructed, do not 
keep corn as sound as cribs, unless built in a 
place fully exposed to the winds, and then care 
must be taken not to draw the corn when wet, or 
when the cob is much green, or it will mould. 
If corn could be preserved in buildings eight, 
ten, or twelve feet in width, with the sides and 
ends slatted in the usual way, it would very much 
lessen the labor and space of storing. It occurs 
to me that buildings of the above width might 
possibly be fitted with slatted tubes, (with four or 
more inch openings the entire length, and four or 
6ix inches in diameter,) open at the ends, and 
reaching from side to side of tho crib, placed 
about three feet or more apart, and admit air 
enough to preserve the corn. If any of the read¬ 
ers of the Rfrai- have had any experience in 
keeping corn in this or ft similar way, I would like 
to hear of their success; also, if any think they 
know a more “excellent way,” they would confer 
a favor by giving it in your columns at this time, 
when all can avail themselves of its benefits. 
Wayne Co., N. Y., I860. J. R. 
-♦-»»-- 
FARMING IN KANE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— Very much do I 
wish that you could see the smiling faces of the 
inhabitants of our county. There is no deceitful- 
ness in their smiles this year. They are now the 
true representatives of the. inward emotions of 
the hearts of the people. For three or four years, 
these silent expressions of happiness were merely 
external; they were not connected with the in¬ 
most soul; the peoplewould smile, because itwas 
fashionable to do so, especially in company and 
conversation. They did it as a matter of courtesy, 
desiring to make others happy, even while they 
themselves were, in a degree, miserable. Those 
delightful emotions are now involuntary. They 
smile because they cannot help it Good crops 
and a prospect of fair and reasonable prices for 
their productions have caused this change. The 
times have been terribly hard. Under these un¬ 
foreseen and unavoidable contraction of funds 
and credits, many of the best business men have 
failed, a great number have been expeoting per¬ 
fect ruin in their enterprises on account of the 
weight of their obligations. But now they have 
hope. Heretofore all the energies and facul¬ 
ties of the farmeis were paralized, as were those 
of the merchants and the mechanics, for with the 
cultivators of the soil their interest were inti¬ 
mately conuecti d. Few could tell who would be 
the owners, or occupants of their farms, their 
houses, property or goods,—perhaps within the 
short space of six months or a year. Bat a more 
auspicious season has dawned, — the portentious 
cloud which so long hung over trembling souIb is 
now dissipated. The tali, thrifty corn, the wav. 
ing fall grown grain,—the fruitful vines,— the 
bending orchards, —the delicately rich flowers, 
and exquisite ordors of their tastefully arranged 
gardens, now give them comfort and happiness. 
Good times are coming,—great crops have been 
grown,—prices arc reasonable,—farmers are fast 
paying their debtR,—merchants are filling their 
stores,—mechanics are multiplying every variety 
Of machinery,—ministers are getting their sala¬ 
ries,—physicians are obtaining pay for paBt ser¬ 
vices,—editors urc obtaining full pay from patrons, 
—justices of the peace are haviDg but little busi¬ 
ness,—and the savages are starving, or being con¬ 
verted and becoming preachers,—in fact, good 
times have already come! a. p. 
Pingree Grove, Kmc Go., Ill., 1860. 
Rain in Kansas—E rror Corrected. —In my com¬ 
munication of the 29th of August, a very import¬ 
ant monosyllable is left out of a sentence In the 
last paragraph, I am made to say, “from the mid¬ 
dle of December to the middle of February, we 
have rain.” It should have been, “ from the mid¬ 
dle of December to the middle of February we 
Lave no rain.” We generally have a good deal of 
snow during that period; but no rain, or very 
rarely. No country can boa6t of finer winters 
than Kansas, The air, however, is keen and 
bracing, the mercury often dropping to 6* or 10" 
below zero.— Torktsa, Ijuindaro, Kansas, Sept. 
29th, I860. 
■ ■»«•«- 
(Hl)c J 3 ft-Krfpn'. 
A Familiar Conversation about Ilees. 
A. I called for the purpose of learning how 
you managed yonr bees in winter, as you always 
appear to have good luck in wintering them, 
while I and my neighbors have the worst kind of 
luck in keeping bees. The combs not occupied 
by bees were filled with frost during freezing 
weather; and when we had a thaw they would 
become wet and the combs damp and mouldy, and 
many of the stock die or be so enfeebled as to he 
nearly worthless. 
F. You wintered them in the open air, I pre¬ 
sume. In order to be successful, you must study 
their natural instinctive hubits, with which the 
Creator has endowed the bees to protect them¬ 
selves against the cold of winter. In order to 
benefit the bee, you must unite your efforts with 
their natural instincts and the laws of Natural 
i'fnio#opDy, according to wnn:n, Dented air and 
vapor is carried upward, and when brought, in 
contact with any cold substance it condenses and 
runs down its sides. Such is the case with all 
hives not having a chamber for the discharge of 
the surplus vapor, which vapor arises from the 
heat and dampness of the bees, ascends to the top 
of the hive, and on passing down the sides, giving 
off on its way vapor, and on freezing from the 
cold without, the sides and top become covered 
with frost; on thawing, the combs become wet, 
and soon mouldy, the bees damp, and the colony 
nearly or quite destroyed by the atmospheric 
changes during winter operating upon the damp¬ 
ness within the hive. To prevent, as far as possi- 
sible, if your hives have neither chamber or box 
cover with holes tlirongh them, make a tight box 
cover eight inches deep to fit, the top of the hive; 
put cleats with screws on all sides on the under 
edge of the top of the hive for the box cover to 
lost upon; bore from four to six one-inch holes 
through the top of the hive, near the front and 
hack, (so that they will fit surplus honey boxes,) 
and leave the holes open during winter or cover 
with wire screen, and place the box cover 
on the top with no ventilation to the open air. 
Borea three-eighths of an inch hole about one inch 
from the bottom above the usual place of entrance, 
place the hive close to the bottom hoard, closing 
every aperture except this one three-eighths inch 
hole, and put. them where they will be protected 
from the north and west winds, and thatch with 
straw or inclose them with boards, and fill with 
straw at least four inches thick; pack close top 
and sides; cut the straw from the small hole at the 
bottom that the bees may have ingress and egress 
through the same. You will have no trouble 
with the bees Hying when the snow is light. If 
you have a healthy stock iu the fall, you will have 
one in the spring which will furnish you with 
sweets, and an increase of the stock. Tell your 
neighbors to think of their bees about to he im¬ 
prisoned the coming winter in a close box hive, 
whose walls are so thin that the bees arc incased 
with frost accumulated from their breath and the 
vapor arising from tlic-ir Bodies—a thaw to be 
more dreaded than cold, as they would he well 
nigh drowned from the melting frost You can¬ 
not attribute it to luck as long as you neglect the 
plain and simple laws of inst inct taught the bee 
by the Author of Nature, am! to assist man in 
their cultivation and usefulness. Now is the time 
to prepare for winter. I bid you good evening, 
and I should be glad to hear your opinion in 
regard to wintering iu cellars and buildings, A c_ 
Henrietta. 
Hue Houses. 
Mr. J. Edwards, Niles, Mich., in the Rural 
of Sept. 15th, wishes a “plan for a bee house large 
enough to accommodate thirty swarms of bees.” 
T am somewhat at a loss to know precisely how to 
answer this inquiry, as he does not state whether 
he desiies the house to keep his bees in during 
the summer, or winter, or both. Now, my opinion 
is, that neither Mr. E. nor any other bee-keeper, 
is actually in want of a bee house. A bee house 
is not necessary in order that a person may keep 
bees profitably and successfully. I have seen a 
large number of bee houses, but none that I could 
recommend for keeping bees in during summer. 
Hives of bees should generally he at least six feet 
apart, and within eight inches of the ground, 
facing the southeast It will not do, as a general 
thing, to have them sitting near each other—espe¬ 
cially suoh colonies as hare young unimpregnated 
queens. These queens must leave the hives to 
copulate with the drones, and, at such times, 
when hives are near each other, arc liable, on 
their return, to enter the wrong one, thereby 
meeting usually with instant death. More colo¬ 
nies are ruined, though indirectly, from the loss 
of queens, than from all the various other causes. 
Last fall, while visitiug an apisry near Cleveland, 
Ohio, I had occasion to examine the colonies in 
the bee Iioubc, which was literally filled with 
hives of bees. The hives faced the north and 
south, and were scarcely two feet apart; the 
fronts, however, were painted with different 
colors to aid the queens in finding their own 
hives. I have forgotten the number of queenless 
and nearly ruined colonies; but, if my memory 
serves me correctly, the actual loss of colonies of 
bees on account of the loss of queens, caused by 
the colonies sitting too near each other, was estl 
mated at nearly $60! On account of the liability 
of losing queens and for various other reasons, I 
would not, in the summer season, be induced to 
place within the best constructed bee house, colo. 
nies having, and those liable to have, young 
unimpregnated or unfertile queens, even though 
it he furnished to me gratis; that Is, if obliged to 
sit them within less than six feet of each other. 
Now, taking what I have already said into con¬ 
sideration, I could not conscientiously recom 
mend building a house “ that would accommodate 
thirty swarms of bees,” in the Hummer season, less 
than one hundred and seventy-four feet in length l 
This statement, I am in hopes, will so frighten 
Mr. B., and all others anticipating building houses 
for their bees, that he and they will at once 
abandon the project. The better, and unques¬ 
tionably the best place for bees daring summer, 
is in the open nir , in an orchard. Sit one hive 
only, if possible, under the north side of a tree. 
Iu this way, a queen will seldom be lost by enter¬ 
ing the wrong hive on returning from her terial 
flight. Should the hives be properly painted and 
constructed, they will bear such exposure without 
much injury to the hives; or, in any way being in¬ 
jurious to the prosperity of the colonies. 
Bbould Mr. E. desire a house for wintering bees, 
I could give a plan such as I would adopt, were I 
to build. Where a person has from one to thirty 
colonies only, it is, perhaps, mere economical to 
winter bees in a good dry cei’.a;. Colonies thus 
wintered last winter, in this vicinity, came out 
very strong early !»■ w ■ ng s of them on 
being weighed at the time if putting them into 
the cellar, and again when taken out last spring, 
Indicated a loss in .'-fores of only fourteen pounds. 
Colonics property p'-et-iveu may be wintered 
with very good sacce. even in tho open air; 
much better the u ' 'c-y : m i. . t : in past sea- 
cqiim. A « my time • u. f p iimt ailawmstn 
speak of how to p x i p.-«. pure b< <a for winter, 
it will have tc i . -c \ • d 1 oi some future 
article, M. M. Baldridge. 
Middleport, N, Y.. 
Burol Spirit of tljc }Jrc0s. 
Berts for Poultry. 
An English farmer says:— “I have used the 
root of the garden beet (red) as food for poultry 
for several years; sometimes in a raw state, a root 
being thrown down in the poultry yard; hut gen¬ 
erally in the cooked state, mixed with the scraps 
of meat, of meal, potato, bread, etc., and in this 
case the beet is invariably picked out by my 
poultry with the greatest avidity. I find it has 
increased the health of the fowls in every in¬ 
stance. 1 may ulso say it conduces to an increase 
in eggs, as also to an Improvement in their color.” 
I,hue lor Preserving Shingles. 
Hon. D. Hunter, iu a letter published iu 
the Rural Intelligencer, says that slaked lime 
sprinkled on the roofs of buildings on rainy days, 
will remove moss and preserve the Bhingles for 
neatly double the time they would last if not thus 
treated. Put it on thick enough to make the 
roof look white, and two applications will clean 
off the mosH and leave the roof white and clean. 
It Bbould he applied annually; hut if the lime is 
not to be had very conveniently, wood ashes will 
answer tho purpose. 
Saving ami lSlug Rough Fodder. 
The last issue of the Rural Register thus 
remarks upon this timely topic: 
“ The coarse material which every larm supplies 
in greater or less quantities, may, by proper mail- 
agement, be turned to good account. Coarse hay, 
made from swamp grasp, and straw, the butts of 
cornstalks, and various other articles, which 
nearly every farm produces, contain more or lees 
nutritive properties, and are available for food. 
The praotiee of foddering cuttle with these arti¬ 
cles in their crude state, or scattering them on 
the ground from the Btack yard, compelling the 
animals to cat them or starve, is wretched policy. 
They would answer an infinitely better purpose 
for bedding or manure. The best and only true 
plan of rendering the above named articles valua¬ 
ble as fodder, is to pass them through a straw' 
cutter, cutting them up as finely as possible, ana 
then mixing a small quantity of Indian meal with 
the cut feed, by which means nearly the whole of 
it will be eaten; the coaise parts giving bulk to 
the food, and the finer parts furnishing nourish¬ 
ment. The process of steaming or boiling this 
sort of food will make it still better, by softening 
the coarse, bard stalks and straw, and enabling 
the animals to digest them more readily. The 
steaming of food is becoming a more common 
practice among farmers than formerly,the advan¬ 
tages arising from it having been clearly demon¬ 
strated. A little attention to the preparation of 
the odds and ends of the farm, while it lengthens 
out and saves the winter’s supply of fodder, also 
turns to a useful account many a coarse article 
w’hich has been annually wasted, even among 
what are denominated good farmers. 
Where meal is not to be had, and the steaming 
apparatus, or a large boiling kettle is not availa¬ 
ble, it answers a good purpose to mix sliced 
roots—turnips, carrots, beets, parsnips, Ac.—with 
the short cut fodder. This mixture is highly 
relished by cattle, and they will thrive on it if the 
root and straw cutters have thoroughly performed 
their work. 
There are several advantages to be derived 
from an observance of the above hints. The 
additional fodder which is thus secured enables 
the farmer to keep his stabled animals full fed 
from the setting in of winter till the commence¬ 
ment of the grazing Bcason in the Bpring; and 
the system will materially increase the size of the 
manure heap, and thus add to the value of the 
farm.” 
tins, Stone, and Shell Lime Compared. 
In reply to a query from a correspondent, 
the Working Farmer remarks, upon the difference 
of value between these limes, that “shell lime. In 
Its natural state, is very superior to stone lime, for 
agricultural purposes, as it contains a trace of 
phosphate of lime, in and about that portion of 
the shell where the valve or muscle is attached 
by which the oyster is enabled to cIobc its shells, 
and usually known as the heart. When shell lime, 
however, has been used for the purification of 
gas, its value is materially deteriorated, if in¬ 
tended for immediate use, as large amounts of 
sulphuret of lime are contained in tho refuse of 
gas lime. By exposure to the atmosphere for one 
or two years, this sulphuret changes to sulphate 
of lime, known as Plaster of Paris, and after such 
change, it may be used with propriety; but before 
the chemical changes occur, above referred to, 
the sulpburretted hydrogen, occasionally given 
off, is unfriendly to vegetation. Afterwards, how¬ 
ever, it has greater value than stone lime. The 
stone lime, before use, 1 b materially increased in 
value, if slaked with salt water, or a strong solu¬ 
tion of salt, before tiBing—in the proportion of 
one bushel of salt to three of lime—thus forming 
the chloride offline and carbonate of soda, we have 
so often described as the lime and salt mixture.” 
.Selection and management of Dairy Stock. 
We copy the following from the report of the 
Committee of the Massachusetts Board of Agri¬ 
culture on Cattle Husbandry: 
The general aspect of the dairy animal is thin¬ 
ner, sharper, and more angular than a feeding 
animal. When selecting dairy cows, we should 
look for a wide chest, small head, wide between 
the horns and eyes, small muzzle, thin, slim neck, 
sweeping smoothly into the shoulders, the should¬ 
ers at the withers thin, back straight, hips wide, 
and wide ill the pelvis, and deep in the flank, ribs 
I a little flat, belly somewhat large, udder large, ex¬ 
tending well up behind and forward, her general 
appearance delicate and feminine; hut, after all 
signs, the best recommendation a dairy cow can 
presen t,laa list of a long line of ancestors that have 
been famous for milk. Heifers may come in at 
two years old, but are enfeebled in health and 
constitution by the practice, aud will not hold out 
in the dairy to so great an ago <u* those mat come 
in a year older. The best dairy bull should have 
a broad, short head, horns spreading from the 
side a little in front, and turning upwards, back 
straight, a little sharp at the withers, widening 
backwards to the hips, slightly sloping rump, 
belly large, and legs short and fine, tail long and 
tapering, with a heavy brush of hair at the end. 
Much of the profit of a daiiy cow depends 
upon n plentiful supply at. all times of rich food. 
The variation in the quantity of milk they yield 
i6 principally owing to tho difference In the nu¬ 
tritive quality of the food they receive. Cows 
receiving food poor in alimental matter fall away 
in milk. Add to the nutritive properties of their 
food, and they immediately increase their flow. 
The quantity of milk, then, does not depend on 
giving a paiticular kind of food, but on giving a 
quantity equal to the support of the natural 
waste of the body, and leaving a remainder to 
he converted into milk. 
Farmers err very much when they undertake 
to keep more cattle than they have means to 
sustain in the best condition, especially in winter. 
The result is, their cows come out of the stable 
in the spring weak and feeble, aud struggle 
through half the summer before they are iu a 
condition to yield milk in quantity more than 
equal to paying expenses. Dairy cows should 
at all times bo in good condition. They should 
receive their food at regular intervals; their 
milk should he drawn at stated hours, and by 
quiet, gentle milkmen; and they should be treated 
at all times with the utmost kindness. In short, 
every means in the power of the dairy farmer 
should he used to insure their tranquility. Harsh 
treatment exerts a very injurious action on their 
milk, rendering it less buttery, and more liable 
to acidity. 
Respiration is a species of combustion. At 
every breath we inhale oxygen of the atmos¬ 
phere, which unites with and consumes the car¬ 
bon or fatty matter of the food. When cows are 
worried or driven too rapidly, they breathe more 
frequently, inhale more oxygen, and more of the 
buttery portion of their food is consumed, leav¬ 
ing less to be converted into butyraceous milk. 
Warmth is a substitute, to a certain extent, for 
food. Cows, when warm and comfortable, will 
consume proportionately less food, and it is well 
known to all experienced dairymen, that their 
cows yield more milk in warm, pleasant days, or 
when they have the run of a warm, well-sheltered 
pasture, than on cold, rainy days, or when they 
run in cold, bleak pastures. When cold they in¬ 
hale more oxygen; the result is a combustion of 
more of the carbon or oily pait of the food, and 
less remains to supply the lacteal vessels with 
rich milk. 
-- 
Inquiries anft 2lmra)ers. 
Cutting Feed for Sheep,—I would like to inquire of 
your readers whether it is profitable to cut feed for sheep? 
My own experience last winter was otherwise, though 1 
have heard it w.is done by some farmers.—A Subscriber, 
Smith Bristol, TV, I'., 1860. 
Draining Public Roads. —Can any of the numerous 
Rural subscribers give any information in regard to 
draining public roads with tile: Will it pay? Where 
should thee be put—in the center, or at the sides?— Pub¬ 
lico, October, I 860 , 
Agricultural iilisccllanij. 
Union Ao, Fair at Drndee — In a letter recently 
received trom .1 J. H., Eddytown, Yates Co , we have a 
deacription of the transactions at the Union Fair, by 
which we learn that the last display was fully equal to 
any heretofore given, although exhibitors had to con¬ 
tend with unfavorable wpather. In horned cattle, the 
show wan said, by competent judges, to excel this por¬ 
tion of the State Fair at F.lmira. Sheep were brought 
forward in goodly numbers, and of excellent quality. 
Swine were also well represented, In Poultry was the 
only failure. The votaries of Pomona proved their love 
by tempting displays. Several very elegant Floral De¬ 
signs were contributed—“ one, in particular, comprising 
one hundred and fifty varieties, was furnished t>y Mrs. T. 
J, My nits. Itwas about three feet in height., and was 
surmounted by a beautiful bouquet, which had under¬ 
gone the process of crystallization,” The address was 
delivered “ hy Miss Susan R. Anthony, of Rochester, 
and all who heard her, and have expressed an opinion, 
edmit the correctness of the positions assumed, and the 
power of her arguments." Our correspondent appeals to 
the worneu of the ago for their InQuence and the force 
of Their example in arguing onward the farmers’ profes¬ 
sion, nrglng the physical and Intellectual advancement 
of the race, if they will devote lees time to “ stitchiDg 
qnilts In Inch pieces,” and more to the cultivation of the 
useful and the benntifnl which (Ton has given to every 
volley, and with which he hn* gladdened every hill-top. 
The U. S. Fair for 1800— It “ Brevity the Soul of 
B H 7 —Col IlAitRis. of the Ohio Cultivator, thus briefly 
sums up the results of the recent. Exhibition of the 
United States Ag. Society at Cincinnati:—“ The show of 
the b.S, Ag. Society came and weut, and if we were 
possessed of half the ill-nature which the officers of that 
institution give us credit for, wo should say-served’em 
right! Rut wo have no resentments to fatten on their 
disgrace. They came in defiance of the protests of the 
friends and representatives of our State and Local 
Boards, and when we found that they would come in 
spite of these protests, we advised our poople to admin¬ 
ister the quiet and effective rebuke of letting them 
alone, and they dtd sol Never were fairer skies, or 
more balmy airs, but the opening was an ominous dearth 
of people, the progress a most farcical attempt at re¬ 
spectability, the close resounded with the maledictions 
of duped innocent victims who do not read the papers, 
and the pretentious officers were at last dogged out of 
the State by the sheriff, and left their local manager 
deeply in the lurch. Such is a true history of the late 
exhibition." 
Winter SQUARiiks. —Through the kindness of Daniel 
T. Weed, of Newburgh, we have received a fine Hono- 
lula Squash, and have given it a thorough trial. It is a 
fair squash, as good as any we have ever tasted, except 
the Hubbard. 
A gentleman of Clarkson also laid on our table a couple 
of small squashes, about eight inches in length and five 
in diameter, ribbed, and of a mixture of green and yel¬ 
low. Accompanying these was the following note:—“I 
have sent you a squash of my raising that I think la 
superior to the Hubbard. I wish yon to try it, and if 
you think it is worthy of a puff in your paper, I should 
like to have you do so. They are called tho Chinese 
Yams. All that have tried them pronounce them the 
best. I will furnish the seeds of the above at fifteen 
cents a paper, free of postage; or I will seud a sample 
squash to any ono for fifty cents, by paying freight.” 
The Chinese Yam, If tlios* si>“* were fair specimens, 
wo. consider a very inferior squash.' Indeed, wo think it 
entirely unworthy of culture. It is wet, stringy, very 
sweet, but this sweetness is unpleasant. We would ad¬ 
vise our Clarkson friend not to disseminate It iu any way. 
Get pure Iiubhard seed, and keep it pure, and sell this 
until you get a better variety. It will be a long time, we 
think, before the Hubbard can be beateD, but we fear the 
seed will become so mixed with inferior sorts that it will 
be hard to find a pure specimen in a few years. 
English Dairy Chkese. —Several correspondents are 
anxious to know bow to mako wbat Is called English 
Dairy Cheese. We have before published inquiries on 
this subject without a response. A M. Prkpard, of Hen¬ 
rietta, Ohio, says:—“ Since the first inquiry about English 
Dairy Cheese, I have made fifteen hundred pounds of 
w hat is called Western Reserve Cheese. Is there none 
among your catalogue of Subscribers who know how to 
make auch cheese, or are they us ignorant as myself? It 
may be there ia nothing of it but the name; if so, any 
Yankee could call his cheese English Dairy Cheese, if 
HUch a Yankee name is more desirable than any other, 
i’erbaps it Is a secret that is noi to he divulged; if so, I 
can tell you that there is more ways to the woods than 
one, and perhaps some one may yet give us the needed 
information in the Rural.” 
Gov.Fairbanks and Agriculture.—Gov. Fairbanks, 
of Yermont, makes the following suggestions iu his 
message to the Legislature. He says:—" In the exercise 
of that fostering care which it becomes the Legislature 
ever to nuintain over the industrial interests of the 
State, I respectfully invito your attention to the ques¬ 
tion of providing for an Agricultural Bureau, or Board 
of Agriculture, having for its object the collection of 
statistical and other information relating to Agriculture, 
to be embraced in annual reports, for distribution 
throughout the State. It is not desirable that such a 
department should be made expensive to the State. 
Little need be required, except to provide for the salary 
of its Corresponding Secretary and the publication of 
,ts reports.” 
Influence of Extreme Cold upon Seeds.— Some 
experiments have been made this year by Prof. Elie 
Wartmann, of Geneva, Switzerland, on the influence of 
extreme cold upon the seeds of plants. Nine varieties 
of seeds, some of them tropical, were selected. They 
were placed in hermetically sealed tubes, and submitted 
to a cold as severe as science can produce. Some re¬ 
mained fifteen days in a mixture of snow and salt; some 
were plunged into a bath of liquid sulphuric acid, ren¬ 
dered extremely cold by artificial means. On the 6th of 
April, they were all sown in pots placed in the open air. 
They all germinated, and those which had undergone the 
rigors of frigidity, produced plants as robust as these 
which had not been submitted to this test. 
From Canada.— A letter just received from Mr. W. J. 
Kir.K, of Elgin Co,, C. W., rays: “Inclosed find pay for 
twenty-two trial subscribers, all new. I hope to have a 
huge number for 1S61, and of course I shall mind the 
12)a cents per copy for American postage I have been 
four year? keeping Rural Nkw-Yorkvr company, and 
would not be without it for four dollars a year. 1 kke to 
see its face every Saturday night. Intend to have 100 
subscribers for 1861.” By the same mail, Mr. C. Tuain, of 
Wellington Co,, C. W„ remits for twenty subscribers, say¬ 
ing: '• I can be silent no loDger, 1 have been asubaeriber 
for the Rural something like three years; have pleaded 
its cause ever since I knew it, bat that was all until about 
a week ago, when I receired your oiler. The next morn¬ 
ing I started to iny work with a Rural in each pocket, 
determined, if possible, to raise a club. Below you see 
the result." [The result is, that we now have twenty- 
one subscribers where there was only one before, j 
— The Rural has several thousand subscribers in Can¬ 
ada West, including many ardent and generous friends 
who are kindly extending its circulation 
MOORE’S RURAL MEW-YORKER. 
