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SWIIOLE NO. 56!). 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
•XX ORIGINAL WKEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOEE. 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
of man. He depends upon One who rules in the 
Heavens, and who has said that “seed-time and 
harvest shall not faiL” The “bulls” and the 
“bearB” may pursue their sa.ilsh tricks. Stocks 
may go up or down, and this m«y affect the price 
obtained by the farmer for his produce; but still, 
whether a few shillings a bushel, more or less, is 
realized for his wheat or his coru, or u dollar a 
hundred for hla beef and pork, he has enough to 
maintain himself and family and the creatures 
dependent upon him for support. He can obtain 
clothes of ihe most comfortable, li uot of the 
most expensive kinds, means to educate his chil¬ 
dren,—has house and homo, and all that is neces¬ 
sary to make life pleasant and joyous. 
I he farmer, it is true, meets with disappoint¬ 
ments and losses peculiar to his profession, the 
wheat midge or the rust injures his wheat; the 
rot destroys his potatoes; some seasons are very 
dry, and others excessively wet, and crops suffer; 
but these losses are only partial, and usually con¬ 
fined to one crop in a season. Then the loss is 
one of anticipated profit, and not of large amounts 
of money expended, for under the most unfavor¬ 
able circumstances, enough is usually raised to 
pay for the seed, and sometimes for both seed and 
labor. Then, such losses being somewhat gen¬ 
eral, the natural consequence is an increase of 
price in most cases, which makes np to some ex¬ 
tent for the diminution in quantity. It may pre¬ 
vent the prosecution of some cherished plan of 
improvement—cause a delay of a year or two in 
building a new house, or a larger barn; deprive 
the family of some desired luxuries, bm. it brings 
no crushing grief, no mental or physical suffering. 
Tho farmer may well congratulate himself on 
tho couilurti und safety «,f his position, and learn 
not only to be content, but proud of his lot, for 
though hiB gains are not rapid, they are generally 
sure, and though he meets with losses, they are 
The Rural Nbw-Yorkkr is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, Unefulueiui und Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor do- 
votes his personal attention to tho supervision of its 
various departments, and earnestly labors to render tho 
Kcral an eminently Reliable Guide on ail tho Important 
Practical, Scientific and other Subjects intimately con¬ 
nected with tho business of those whose interest.. It 
zealonsly advocates. As a Family Journal it i* emi¬ 
nently Instructive and Kntertaininp — b«!ng to conducted 
that it can be safely taken to the Hearts and Homos of 
people of iutelliffenco, taste and discrimination. It em¬ 
braces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Edu¬ 
cational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with 
appropriate ana beautiful Engravings, than any other 
journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
constitution. Tho common white-fleshed turnip, 
when well grown and sliced, is excellent food la 
the early winter, and if a quantity of the leaves 
could be given along with the bulbs, all the bet¬ 
ter; tho leaves promote the sounder and freer 
growth of the bone In all young animals. With 
this kind of food a little barley or oats should be 
daily given; of course, out chaff or hay, or even 
a great superabundance of good straw for the 
young stork to browse over, is to be included as 
food, ltoots will never do alone; in all cases dry 
cereal food is desirable, if not absolutely neces- 
sary. Much has been written about the necessity 
of exercise for young animals. It certainly does 
appear to bo right, If not necessary to promote 
growth und vigor. Taking all into consideration, 
however, I prefer the plan of tying up, with an oc¬ 
casional run into the yard in suitable weather.” 
Tho experience of a stock raiser given above is 
worthy of attention by all our farmers. 
Breeds of Mugllsh Sheep. 
At a recent meeting of the Central Farmer’s 
Cluh, at Loudon, Mr. Charles Howard delivered 
an address on the subject of “The meritsof Pure- 
ilred and Cross-Bred Sheep.” In this address, he 
gave the origin and merits of several “estab¬ 
lished” breeds : 
SiH . u Covvjid. l. rioulii hvnua mo Uc- 
BCCnded from small, gray, and dark-faced sheep, 
which were found on the hilly and mountainous 
districts throughout England. John Ellman was 
the original improver. He was followed and sur¬ 
passed by Jonas Webb, who has made the South 
Down perfect The peculiarity of this sheep is 
its superior quality of mutton and wool. Average 
weight, from thirteen to fifteen months, is 120 
pounds. Weight of fleece, six pounds. Tho ewes 
are capital breeders, and generally produce ouo- 
third twins. They are best adapted to elevated 
situations and bare pasturage. Among tho no¬ 
bility and lancy farmers they are regarded as the 
elite of sheep. 
Hampsuikb Downs.—T his valuable sheep has 
been established from various crosses, commenc¬ 
ing with the century’. They present as great an 
uniformity in wool, color, and general appear- 
HALL'S HAND - PO WJECIt STUMP MACHINE 
Some weeks ago, in noticing a stump machine, 
we spoke of the importance of such machinery, 
especially in all regions where Btumps or forests 
abound. Among other things, we remarked— 
“ Various stump machines have been introduced 
nnj uuoJ -ujtfnntag©«u*)jr, ,»nd wo trout tli«*y wiU 
rupidly increuso in numbers, speed, power, and 
cheapness of operation, until the farrnH of the whole 
country shall be free from tho unsightly and 
unprofitable obstructions now bo common, even 
in sections which have been cleared and culti. 
vated a scoro of years.” At the time of penning 
tho sentence quoted, we had no idea that wo 
should so soon have an opportunity of verifying 
the wish relative to a cheap und cheaply operat¬ 
ing machine, hut have since examined a Stump 
Puller, which will, we think, prove a long Bought 
desideratum. We allude to Hall’s Patent Hand- 
Power Muckin'*, an illustration of which, as it 
appears in operation, is given above. It looked 
like a practical, economical machine, and the fact 
that the manufacturers—Messrs. Badger, Acer 
& Co., of NVa 1 and 0 Hill St., Rochester — have 
recently sold several, proves that it is becoming 
popular. Most stump machines are objectionable 
on account of their high cost, great weight, 
bulk, and expense of operating. The manufac¬ 
turers of this machine claim superiority in the.’c 
respects, and enumerate the following ieaaona 
therefor: 
“1. It is much cheaper —a great consideration 
for farmers on new land — the price being only 
$00. 2. It is much lighter, requiiing no team of 
oxen or horses to remove it from one Btump to 
another. Two men can carry it in their hands. 
a. It requires no team to operate it; two men can 
work it by hand, and extract more stumps, and 
at very much less expense — generally requiring 
about two minutes to take up a common stump. 
L It can be used when and where tho ground is 
wot and soft, and docs not punch np the grr.33 
field a8 with a heavy team. 6. It is very simple 
in its construction and not liable to get out of 
order, and so small that It can be housed uh con¬ 
veniently as a plow or wheelbarrow. 6. It will 
take up every stump in the field, not requiring 
one to anchor to, as is usual with the best stump 
machines. 7. It does not turn the stump over_ 
thereby taking up a large quantity of earth from 
one place und heapfng it up on another, as id usual 
with other stump pullers, but leaves the stump 
poised at a convenient distance from tho ground, 
until the soil ettu be rattled off the roots into tho 
THE TIMES AND THE PANIC, 
For some weeks past the country has been 
filled with rumors of bank suspensions and mer- 
cant le failures, of lo.-'.auK and bankruptcy, and 
general ruin. Never before have we seen such a 
manifestation of ingratitude for ^reat national 
blessings. Never before have we witnessed a 
people exhibit such arrant madness—such a fixed 
determination to bring upon themselves and the 
whole country financial ruin, as has been exhibit¬ 
ed by a portion of our people within the past few 
weeks. In this nefarious work, we are sorry to 
Bay, they have been aided by a part of the political 
press, that should have been above such an exhi¬ 
bition of desperation and recklessness. That they 
have not brought upon our country another com 
mercial crisis, beggared thousands that are now in 
the enjoyment of abundance, and brought want 
and starvation to the doors of tens of thousands 
of the industrious laboring poor, is only because 
they lacked the ability to accomplish Hub abomin¬ 
able mischief. Thanks to a kind Providence, 
our prosperity was too well established to be 
easily shaken. Never did the earth yield a more 
abundant harvest than the past season. If we 
except Kansas, a portion of Missouri, and a few 
other sections of limited extent, we have been 
blessed with abundance aLl over the land. Barns 
are filled to overflowing, storehouses are loaded 
to their utmost capacity. Rail-cars, steamboats 
and canal-boats—every avilable means of convey¬ 
ance, have been pressed into the work of carrying 
produce to market, and the winter sets in with 
millions of bushels of grain awaiting shipment. 
This has increased the revenue of Railroad 
companies, eniiched forwarders, and brought 
cash to the pockets of farmers, enabling them to 
Bquare accounts with country merchants, and 
leave a surplus for a rainy day. England needs 
all the grain we can spare, and exportation has 
been rapidly going on. Thus we have obtained 
means to pay our foreign debts, and keep our 
gold, which has flowed in from California, and 
never was more abundant. Labor has been in 
good demand, and wages fair; while living has 
been tolerably cheap, so that the poor have been 
enabled to live in comfort, enjoying the necessa¬ 
ries, and many of the luxuries of life. In short, 
onr conntry was , prosperous and buppy as the 
n.ust philanthrope c could desire, when the despe¬ 
rate effort was made by a set of traitors to human¬ 
ity, to stem this tide of prosperity, and bring 
wretchedness and ruin upon our happy land. Let 
us thank the Giver of all good, that their designs 
have been defeated—that we have passed the 
shock comparatively unharmed, which we could 
not have done but for the abundant harvest of the 
past season. 
Had this effort proved successful, the farmers 
would have suffered less than those of any other 
profession, for no class of men are so independent 
ot their fellows—so independent of the fluctua¬ 
tions of trade—so free from great and crushing 
calamities, as farmers. Tho farmer fears no sud¬ 
den diaastc-r, that may in a day sweep away the 
accumulations of a life-time—no sad reverse that 
shall crush out all life and hope, and cause him, 
| carcass at twenty-eight months, 1G0 pounds. The 
Lincoln breeders consider the mutton excellent, 
having less fat, and a greater propoition of fine¬ 
grained, lean flesh, than the Leicestcrs. The ewes 
are good breeders, but, like the Cotswolds and 
Leiceaters, they are not good sticklers. 
SuKOiramuES.—These are crosses. Their merit 
consists in their superiority over any other 
breed in their own country. They possess hardi¬ 
ness of constitution, excellent quality of mutton, 
and aie prolific breeders; but they are not equal 
to other breeds. 
OxvoRDsurHK Downs.—T his breed of Bheep was 
produced twenty-seven years ago, by crossing the 
Hampshire, and in some instances Sonth Down 
ewes, with Cotswold rams, and then patting the 
crosses together. They drop their lambs in Feb¬ 
ruary, and at thirteen or fourteen months old they 
are ready for market, weighing, on an average, 
1 tO pounds each, with a fleece varying from seven 
to ten pounds. The ewes are good mothers, and 
produce a great proportion of twins. 
Having read considerable of late on the subject 
of soiling I have become much interested there¬ 
in, and havo for aome time been of the opinion 
that this was tho system of feeding best adapted to 
our locality. The land in this region being not the 
moat fertile imaginable, tbo question arises, which 
Is the cheapest way to produce fertilizing mate¬ 
rial, and thereby improve the condition of the 
soil. We know that Guano and Patent Manures 
are benfioial, but our great distance from market, 
and tho extravagant price demanded for sncl ma¬ 
nures, render it impracticable, except in tho last 
extremity. The manner of farming here, and par¬ 
ticularly of producing manure, is, I presume, but 
a lair specimen of the way the thing Is managed 
iu other sections. On a farm of^ say one huudred 
and titty acres, there will probably bo kept from 
fifteen to twenty cows, beside u team of horses 
and oxen. At the same time not more than fifty 
acres will be under cultivation. If this statement 
be correct, it requires one hundred ucres to sum¬ 
mer and winter the above stock. The manure 
from this number of cattle will be more than suf¬ 
ficient to cover properly a field of corn of fifteen 
acres. As a matter of course, the winter grain 
has nothing but the poverty-stricken soil from 
which to draw its sustenance. And, furthermore, 
one dare not plow up a field out of tho regular 
course, from fear of getting nothing for his 
trouble, losing his grass seed in the bargain. 
Iu view of all these facts, it seems rational that if 
The Cotswold.— This is one of the oldest of 
the established breeds. They were originally 
heavy, coarse animals, with a thick, heavy fleece, 
well adapted to the bleak, uninclosed Cotswold 
bills. They are now very hardy, and will succeed 
well in almost any situation, and produce a great 
amount of wool and mutton at an early age. They 
sometimes reach 86 pounds to the quarter. The 
average weight of an ordinary flock when fit for 
the batcher, at fourteen or fifteen months old, is 
about ISO pounds, and the weight of wool of tho 
whole flock would be about 7^ pounds each. 
LiNCoi.NsniBK.—As the Western part of Great 
wi an me departments or management con¬ 
nected with the breeding of cattle, few give the 
breeder so much anxiety as the rearing and 
subsequent care of his young Btock. This is 
peculiarly the case in districts not altogether ap¬ 
plicable to breeding purposes, and yet cannot well 
be appropriated to better uses. Young cattle 
cannot endure cold rimy froBts for any length of 
time; it causes scouring. The loss of condition 
in a short time Is often surprising. My usual 
remedy is the change of food, dry warm bed, aud 
a few doses of thick wheatcn llour gruel, with a 
little laudanum in each. Tho Issue is very preca¬ 
rious; I always think it a poor prospect, when I 
am obliged to resort to medicinal treatment for 
any animal. Young stock should, as a rule, be 
safely housed in warm sheltered yards before cold 
or frosty weather sets in; the youngest and most 
delicate must be provided for in covered hovels, 
airy, but well shut in. armth to a young ani¬ 
mal is equal to a moderate supply of food. The 
stronger animals may do well in the yards, pro- 
SOILING CATTLE. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —The agricultural 
community have been, to a greater or less extent, 
diverted from their usual coarse on account of 
tho political interests of the day; but as the event¬ 
ful sixth of November has come and gone, and we 
find the earth traveling in her circuit uninter¬ 
rupted, and the Union not yet dissolved, wo may, 
with propriety, turn our attention to those things 
intimately connected with onr farming interests. 
Whatever difference of opinion may exist among 
the readers of your valuable journal upon politi- 
IRVING. N y 
