Oct. io, 1913 
Cysticercus Ovis 
*9 
Fig. 3 .—Cysticercus ovipariens (= C. ovis): Fragment of head, X 85. 
(After Maddox, 1873a, pi. 19, fig. 1.) 
to a similar case of cysticercus in the heart of a kid. The case reported 
by Olt and Bongert showed numerous cysticerci, some of which appar¬ 
ently were alive. In another case seen by Olt the parasites were all 
degenerate. Armbriister found calcified cysticerci in 2 or 3 sheep out of a 
shipment of 16 head. One case of muscle cysticerci was found by Colberg 
in which numerous 
degenerated para¬ 
sites were present. 
In a case of cysti¬ 
cerci in a sheep heart 
reported by Railliet 
the parasites were 
very young, without 
hooks. Glage is the 
only author thus far 
who has given a 
detailed statistical 
record of the fre¬ 
quency of muscle 
cysticerci in sheep. 
His records, however, 
are based entirely upon the presence of degenerated cysticerci, and it is 
not improbable that he overlooked many cases of live cysticerci. He 
found 32 cases (1.45 per cent) among 2,198 carcasses in which the head 
muscles and hearts were examined and 16 cases (0.8 
per cent) among 1,984 carcasses in which only the 
hearts were examined. Rickmann fails to state the 
number of cases observed. The cysticerci in the one 
case reported by the present writer in 1908 were un¬ 
degenerate but only partly grown. Herter mentions 
one case and says that only nine cases of sheep 
measles were recorded in the meat-inspection reports 
of Prussia for the year 1909. Making a very liberal 
allowance for the number of indefinitely reported 
cases, the total number of individual cases of sheep 
measles reported in the literature prior to the recent 
investigations in this country is considerably less than 
100, and in only a very few of these were the cysticerci at all numerous 
or present in a living, fully developed, undegenerated condition. It is 
accordingly not surprising that the identity of these parasites should 
have remained so long undiscovered, particularly in view of the fact 
that they have received but little attention from experienced parasitolo¬ 
gists, who, moreover, have had very unsatisfactory material for study. 
Fig. 4 .—Cysticercus ovi- 
pariens (= C . ovis): 
Hooks, X 160. (After 
Maddox, 1873a. pi- 18, 
fig- 5 -) 
