Dec. IO , 1913 Disease of Sugar-Beet and Nasturtium Leaves . 
203 
From Table I it may be seen that growth occurs in the open end of the 
fermentation tube in each of the nine solutions tried, while in the closed 
end there is slight clouding in dextrose and a distinct clouding in presence 
of galactose. In the test for alkaline and acid reactions neutral litmus 
paper was used. As a result of this test six of the sugar solutions showed 
an alkaline reaction and three (dextrose, galactose, and saccharose) 
showed a distinctly acid reaction. No gas formation was observed in the 
closed arm of any of the solutions during a period of 30 days. 
TEST FOR ANAEROBISM 
The organism will not grow in an atmosphere deprived of oxygen. The 
test was made as follows: 
Fresh transfers were made to beef bouillon from a 24-hour bouillon 
culture and placed in a Novy jar containing a solution of pyrogallic acid 
and sodium hydroxid (1 gram of pyrogallic acid to 10 c. c. of a 10 per cent 
solution of sodium hydroxid for each 100 c. c. of air space). 
The control cultures were kept under normal conditions at room tem¬ 
perature. 
The Novy jar was waxed and clamped tightly and connected on one 
side to a series of wash bottles containing pyrogallic acid and sodium 
hydroxid and on the other side to the exhaust. There were stopcocks to 
regulate the passing of the gasses through the jar. In the jar with the 
cultures was a fermentation tube which had its closed arm filled with 
water except for a bubble of air at the top. This bubble was noted as 
an indicator of pressure within the jar. As the oxygen was absorbed by 
the solution within the jar, air was allowed to pass in from the wash 
bottles until the bubble in the fermentation tube indicated the normal 
pressure. The exhaust was used to draw off the gases from the jar. 
The operation was repeated several times during a period of three hours, 
after which the Novy jar was sealed and set aside. The atmosphere in 
the jar was then practically one of nitrogen. At the end of six days the 
cultures were taken from the jar and examined. There was no trace of 
clouding in the bouillon. The controls, however, showed heavy growth; 
in fact they were heavily clouded within two days. 
This test was made a second time, the Novy jar being set up in the same 
way and the bouillon transfers made from a 24-hour culture as before. 
This time the jar was sealed for two weeks. When it was opened no 
growth could be detected in any of the bouillon cultures, while the con¬ 
trols showed the usual heavy growth after two days. The cultures which 
had been kept in the Novy jar were clouded heavily five days after they 
were removed. 
TEMPERATURE RELATIONS 
Thermal Death Point. —The thermal death point is 47.5 0 to 48° C. 
when transfers are made from a 24-hour bouillon culture and the inocu¬ 
lated tubes are kept at that temperature in the water bath for 10 minutes, 
