Dec. 10, 1913 
Calliephialtes Parasite of Codling Moth 
215 
METHODS AND APPARATUS USED IN PROPAGATION 
The most convenient and successful cage devised, the one in use at 
present, is constructed as follows: 
A glass cylinder about 6 inches in diameter and 10 inches long is laid 
on its side in a baseboard constructed to keep the cylinder from rolling. 
The back end is covered with cheesecloth held in place by rubber bands. 
The front is a frame about 12 inches square, over which is tightly stretched 
a piece of cheesecloth. This is held against the front of the cylinder by 
means of rubber bands stretched between nails at the side of the frame 
and the side of the baseboard, permitting access to the cage without 
actually removing the front frame, by simply pulling the frame down, 
as the rubber bands will stretch sufficiently to admit the hands. 
The cage is almost equally lighted from all sides, and the cheesecloth 
at each end permits good circulation. It is very easy of construction 
and management and very easily cleaned. In addition, a parasite either 
dropping or crawling from the top of the cage almost invariably reaches 
the rack of codling-moth cocoons at the bottom. About 15 adult female 
parasites can be placed in one cage. 
The racks in which the codling-moth larvae were placed for spinning 
were of two kinds, depending on the use to which the larvae were to be 
put. For ordinary propagation the common corrugated strawboard used 
in packing glassware was used. This was cut across the corrugations 
into strips about three inches long and five-eighths of an inch in width. 
This gives comfortable quarters in each cell for a single worm. These 
were placed on edge in small wooden boxes 3 inches long hy 2% inches 
wide and three-fourths of an inch deep. Worms placed on the racks 
crawled almost immediately into the cells and shortly spun up. One 
box at a time was placed in a cage with the adult Calliephialtes for 
parasitization. 
For the detailed study of the life history of the parasite double slides 
of transparent celluloid were constructed. The celluloid was cut into 
strips three inches by five-eighths of an inch. These were held apart and 
the space between divided into seven cells of the proper size by small 
slips of cardboard one-tenth of an inch thick and held in place by being 
fastened with shellac to one of the celluloid strips. The whole was held 
together by small gummed labels pasted over the ends. Each cell was 
numbered on the cardboard slip preceding it. Each slide was also given 
a number, and the slides used in each experiment were grouped under a 
Roman numeral. In this way notes on the contents of any given cell 
could be definitely associated with the subject without any chance of 
confusion. With this device it was only rarely that accurate observa¬ 
tions on the development and activities of the insects within the cells 
could not be readily made by transmitted light. 
