Dec. 10, 1913 
Calliephialtes Parasite of Codling Moth 
217 
Fig. 3.— Calliephialtes sp.: Lateral 
view of tips of elements of oviposi¬ 
tor. a. Sheath; b, lance; c, lancet. 
broad, tapering toward the tip, concave within, and, except during 
copulation, fit together like the two valves of a mussel shell, forming a 
sheath inclosing the other organs. They are 
homologous with the parts of the ovipositor 
sheath, and, like those, probably have no other 
function than that of protection for the more 
essential organs. The penis is probably homol¬ 
ogous with the lance of the ovipositor, since 
its position in relation 
to the other organs cor¬ 
responds to that of the 
lance in relation to the other portions of the 
ovipositor. It is a fleshy, flattened organ, termi¬ 
nating ventrally in two lobes contiguous at their 
apices. Immediately in front of these on the 
ventral side is an opening leading into the cavity 
of the organ. Immediately below the penis and 
on each side is a 2-jointed appendage correspond¬ 
ing to the lancets of the ovipositor. The basal 
joint of this organ is thick and muscular and on 
the dorsolateral side is prolonged into a blunt pro¬ 
jection bearing at its tip a number of 
stiff hairs. It is probably a tactile 
organ, and may be called the genital 
palpus. The second joint is a large 
blunt tooth which curves laterad. It probably serves the 
double purpose of clasper and dilator. The genitalia, as 
described above, are surrounded at the base by a more 
or less cup-shaped chitinized piece, the cardo. 
COPULATION 
Fig. 4.— Calliephialtes sp.: 
Ventral view of male geni¬ 
talia. a, Sheath; b, penis; 
c, clasper; d, genital palpus; 
e, cardo. 
Copulation occurs shortly after the emergence of the 
female and may evidently be repeated. The attraction 
between the sexes seems to be rather weak and is somewhat 
stronger in the female than in the male, as evidenced by the 
excited movement of the antennae and wings in that sex 
on the approach of the male. The male apparently must 
be within about an inch of the female before he becomes 
conscious of her proximity. Of courtship there is none, 
the male simply jumping to the back of the female as soon as he per¬ 
ceives her. If she is not ready for his attentions a lively encounter 
ensues, the female using her hind legs and wings in freeing herself from 
the male. The act of copulation is short, no case having been observed 
in which the sexes were together more than five minutes. In copulation 
Fig. 5. — Calhe- 
phialtes sp.: 
Ventral view 
of clasping 
organ of male 
genitalia. a f 
Basal portion; 
b, clasper; c, 
genital pal¬ 
pus. 
