Dec. io, 1913 
Calliephialtes Parasite of Codling Moth 
2 21 
Fig. 8 .— Calliephialtes sp.: Dorsal view 
of newly hatched larva. 
body. The body is about three and one-half times as long as the head 
and is composed of 13 segments, tapering in size toward the caudal end. 
The head of the newly hatched larva is shown in ventral view in figure 9. 
The form of the larva changes after the first molt to thick spindle 
shape; it is curved dorso-ventrally and is 
without a definite head. When full grown 
(fig. 10), it varies much in size, depending 
on the condition and abundance of food. 
Normally it is about three-eighths of an 
inch long and slightly less than a third as thick in its greatest diameter. 
It is pinkish white in color, the body contents showing through the 
transparent skin, while the adipose tissue appears as opaque-white 
granules. Larvae that later develop into females average somewhat 
larger than those that develop into males. The face 
of the full-grown larva is shown, much enlarged, in 
figure 10, b. 
The larva begins feeding very shortly after hatching 
and may attack its host at almost any point, although 
it is more likely to attack the dorsum or sides than 
the venter. As feeding continues, it may change its 
position occasionally. In most cases the point of 
attack is finally shifted to a point near the posterior 
end of the host, the parasite pushing the collapsing 
skin up toward the head until there is nothing left of 
the host but a pellet consisting of skin and head shield. This is finally 
pushed to one end of the cocoon. 
Calliephialtes is normally a solitary parasite, but as indicated in the 
foregoing discussion of oviposition, 
more than one egg was deposited on 
numerous occasions on a single host; 
though on only a few occasions did 
more than one live beyond the first 
stage. Usually the extra eggs did 
not hatch, owing probably to their 
being destroyed by the first larva to 
hatch. The actual destruction of eggs 
in this way was observed on a few 
occasions. However, in a very few 
instances, two larvae developed on a 
single host. In such cases neither of 
the larvae attained normal size and 
all produced dwarf adults. In only one instance of double parasitism was 
an adult female produced, and then the other individual was a male. 
As a rule, the cocoon was started very shortly after the larva fin ished 
feeding, and for the purpose of this paper the beginning of the cocoon 
is taken as the end of the feeding period. However, in a considerable 
head of newly hatched 
larva. 
Fig. io.— Calltephialtes sp.: o, Full-grown larva; 
6 , face. 
