Dec. 10, 1913 
Calliephialtes Parasite of Codling Moth 
225 
Table IV .—Summary of data on total larval period of Calliephialtes.; at Vienna , Va ., 
IQ12 —Continued. 
Total larval 
period. 
Females: Number of lar 
vse pupating ih— 
Total 
Males: Number pupat¬ 
ing in— 
Total 
May 
and 
June. 
July. 
Au¬ 
gust. 
Sep¬ 
tem¬ 
ber. 
number 
of females. 
May 
and 
June. 
July. 
Au¬ 
gust. 
Sep¬ 
tem¬ 
ber. 
number 
of males. 
12 days . 
2 
1 
3 
IO 
25 
4 
15 
4 
4 
54 
21 
12,5 days _ 
3 
3 
x 
1 
4 
12 
I 
13 davs. 
x 
4 
Q 
7 
16 
2 
34 
23 
25 
20 
13.5 days.... 
14 days . 
2 
3 
2 
18 
2 
2 
2 
II 
5 
8 
I 
14.5 days.... 
it days. 
5 
7 
5 
10 
18 
1 
I 
1 
2 
IO 
2 
5 
I 
18 
15.5 days.... 
16 days . 
6 
1 
7 
5 
5 
13 
6 
2 
7 
20 
4 
1 
1 
4 
2 
16.5 days.... 
17 days. 
17.5 days.... 
tA days 
IO 
3 
9 
6 
1 
11 
1 
7 
5 
3 
1 
1 
2 
7 
9 
6 
2 
1 
2 
2 
I 
3 
2 
I 
4 
18.5 days.... 
m davs 
2 
i 
3 
3 
4 
I 
.... 
3 
3 
4 
1 
1 
19.5 days.... 
or\ davs 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Total. 
Average pe- 
64 
11 
6 
5 
86 
129 
i °5 
78 
l6 
328 
riod, days. 
16.5 
13-3 
15-4 
j I 5-9 
16. 0 
I 4-3 
11.9 
12.8 
I3.6 
13.2 
THE PREPUPA 
A few days before pupation the larva begins to show the constriction 
between the thorax and the abdomen, the eyes become discernible as 
distinct red spots, and before 
pupation actually takes place 
the appendages can be indis¬ 
tinctly seen through the delicate 
larval skin. The antennse are 
coiled under the head instead of 
being extended along the venter, 
as in the pupa. In the prepupal 
stage (fig. 12) the sex of the insect can with certainty be determined 
for the first time. In *he female prepupa the tip of the abdomen is bent 
slightly backward, indicating the developing ovipositor, while in the 
male the caudal segment is straight. 
THE PUPA 
When pupation takes place, the larval skin splits along the median 
dorsal line over the top of the head and for a short distance down the 
back, and through this opening the pupa makes its exit. Figure 13 
shows the beginning of pupation of a female Calliephialtes. The rent in 
the exuvium, through which the antennae are shown to extend, was 
