Dec. io, 1913 
Calliephialtes Parasite of Codling Moth 
227 
under natural conditions, as the males under observation were consider¬ 
ably more likely to extend this period beyond the normal than were the 
females. The actual difference is probably more closely indicated by 
the shortest pupal period for each sex, which gives a difference of two 
days. 
In Table V the data on the pupal period are summarized and the aver¬ 
age mean temperature for the various periods given. 
TablK V .—Summary of data on duration of pupal period of Calliephialtes sp. and aver¬ 
age mean temperature at Vienna, Va., 1912, 
Pupal period. 
Females: Number 
transforming in— 
Total 
number 
Average 
mean 
tempera¬ 
ture. 
Males: Number 
transforming in— 
Total 
num¬ 
ber of 
males. 
Aver¬ 
age 
mean 
tem¬ 
pera¬ 
ture. 
0 > 
a 
3 
>> 
13 
1—i 
bi 
3 
<< 
a 
xn 
of fe¬ 
males. 
4 ) 
a 
3 
3 
*—> 
be 
3 
< 
4-! 
& 
m 
6 days. 
°F. 
1 
1 
17 
2 
11 
8 
9 
I 
. . . . 
2 
I 
28 
17 
45 
37 
61 
37 
81 
34 
20 
3 
°F. 
77.2 
79.0 
78. 2 
74. 7 
74.4 
73*4 
68.4 
68.3 
68.0 
< 55*3 
66.9 j 
66.4 
6.C days. 
. . . . 
7 days. 
.... 
8 
5 
9 
11 
14 
14 
28 
16 
1 
3 
9 
2 3 
14 
21 
1 
2 
7.5 days. 
1 
2 
4 
17 
22 
5 i 
18 
19 
3 
8 days. 
8.5 days. 
9 days . 
9-5 da ys. 
iodays. 
10.5 days. . .. 
11 days . 
11.5 days.... 
5 
7 
10 
17 
IS 
5 
4 
2 
1 
2 
3 
10 
6 
1 
I 
1 
2 
1 
2 
5 
1 
3 
4 
3 
2 
9 
4 
18 
18 
13 
17 
15 
6 
4 
78.7 
72.4 
76.9 
72. 6 
71.9 
71. 6 
69.9 
68.6 
68.9 
67*5 
66. 7 
12 days. 
12.*; days. . .. 
1 
12 days* 
Total.... 
Average pu¬ 
pal period, 
days. 
Average tem¬ 
perature ,°F 
63 
26 
7 
13 
109 
i 37 
49 
107 
73 
366 
11. 50 
9. 90 
9 - 57 
9 - 73 
10. 78 
70.9 
9.94 
7-83 
9. 19 
8. 36 
9.12 
7 °- 3 
The August column for males in Table V includes the data on 49 
pupae which were reared from unfertilized eggs. Whether the parthenoge- 
netic character of these eggs had any effect in lengthening the pupal 
period is a question, but a comparison of the pupal periods of these with 
those of the 34 males that were developing at the same time from ferti¬ 
lized eggs shows that the pupae from parthenogenetic eggs required a 
somewhat longer time. This is shown in Table VI. If these 49 indi¬ 
viduals were eliminated in Table V, the total and average in the August 
column would be 58 and 8.61, respectively, and the grand total and grand 
average would be 317 and 9.0, respectively. 
17072 13-4 
