230 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. I, No. 3 
Table; VII .—Summary of period spent by Calliephialtes sp. in cocoon, showing number 
for each period by months , total for each period and each month, and average period for 
each month and for the season at Vienna, Va1912 —Continued. 
Period in cocoon. 
Number of females emerging 
in— 
Total 
num¬ 
ber of 
Number of males emerging 
in— 
Total 
num¬ 
ber of 
males. 
June. 
July. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
fe¬ 
males. 
June. 
July. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
21.5 days.... 
22 days. 
8 
1 
9 
T 5 
S 
14 
? 
2 
2 
T 3 
4 
1 
I 
I 
I 
I 
7 
22. < days.... 
1 
I 
O 
I 
23 days. 
II 
1 
I 
I 
2 
2 
23-5 dVs- • • • 
24 days. 
x 
I 
I 
I 
0 
I 
I 
I 
24.5 days- 
2 c days. 
3 
-2 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
26 days. 
O 
2 
. 
:::::: 
26.5 days. . .. 
27 days...... 
1 
1 
. 
1 
1 
. 
Total num¬ 
ber. 
60 
2 3 
19.4 
7 
20. 0 
13 
20. 5 
103 
21 - 5 
133 
I9.4 
50 
* 5-3 
130 
17. 2 
78 
17.1 
39 r 
17. 7 
Average pe¬ 
riod, days.. 
22 . 6 
THE ADULT 
Transformation from the pupa to the adult within the cocoon takes 
place one or two days before the emergence of the adult, depending 
largely on the difficulty encountered by the insect in biting its way by 
the remains of the host and through the two cocoons. The female 
effects her escape in a somewhat shorter time than the male. 
In the spring the males appear some time ahead of the females, as 
indicated by the emergence of unforced material in the spring of 1912. 
From this material the first males appeared on April 23 and the first 
females 10 days later. In fact all but a few belated males appeared 
before the first female. 
The males far outnumbered the females throughout the period covered 
by the observations, and it was found that the proportion of males 
increased with each succeeding brood. It appears that the effect of the 
unavoidably unnatural conditions of the artificial propagation tended to 
the production of males and that this effect was cumulative. Of the 
528 individuals reared from mated females in the regular life-history 
experiments 396, or exactly three-fourths, were males. Table VIII 
summarizes the data on this point. 
