232 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. I, No. 3 
A number of surplus males emerging from June 14 to 22 were used in 
an experiment to determine the longevity with and without food. Of 
the 51 males used in the experiment 22 were fed and 29 unfed. For the 
fed males the maximum longevity was 51.5 days, the minimum 8.5 days, 
and the weighted average 32.5 days. The longest lived unfed male lived 
10 days, the shortest lived 3 days, and the average lived 5.4 days. The 
average fed male therefore lived almost exactly six times as long as the 
average unfed male. 
The adult Calliephialtes were very easily handled on account of their 
great docility. . On many occasions while photographing the females in 
the act of oviposition the writer has carried a transparent slide on which 
a female was perched from the insectary to a greenhouse 20 feet distant, 
set it up in front of the camera, and made one or more exposures without 
the insect withdrawing her ovipositor; and in no case was the insect 
sufficiently disturbed to cause her to fly away. 
The adults fed greedily at all times on the sweet liquids supplied them, 
and the males confined their feeding to this sort of diet. But the females 
very frequently fed on the juices of the codling-moth larvae. This food 
they secured by repeatedly jabbing with their ovipositors the larvae in 
the cocoons and licking up the juices that saturated the cocoon. Fre¬ 
quently a half or more of a larva would be consumed in this way, the 
parasite continuing to feed for an hour or more, alternately pumping the 
juices of the larvae out with her ovipositor and licking them up. On one # 
occasion a female Calliephialtes was observed to have killed and partially 
eaten a larva that had left its cocoon and was at large in the cage. 
The total developmental period from oviposition to emergence was 
determined for 112 females and 399 males. For females it ranged from 
23.5 days to 44.5 days and for males from 18 to 44 days. Both of the 
maximums as well as a considerable number of other records are based 
on individuals which, for some cause—usually inadequate food supply— 
were unable to go through their development in as short a time as they 
would have done under normal conditions. The records for 12 such 
females and 22 males are omitted from Table IX, which summarizes the 
data on the 100 other females and 377 other males. This table indicates 
that the average female required about 5 days longer to complete devel¬ 
opment than did the average male, the shortest period for females being 
SH days longer than the shortest for males. 
