Dec. zo, 1913 
Calliepkialtes Parasite of Codling Moth 
235 
Fahrenheit was recorded in the insectary. This is an unusually low 
record for the locality and indicates that the species would have no 
difficulty in acclimating itself were it liberated in the region. 
ALTERNATE HOSTS 
The female parasites appeared in the spring a few days in advance of 
the first adult codling moth, or somewhere about 40 days before they 
could, under natural conditions, attack the first brood of larvae of the 
codling moth. The hibernating brood of parasites would therefore have 
passed the greater portion of their adult life before an abundance of 
codling-moth larvae could be found. This would necessitate a very small 
first generation of the parasites unless they would attack some other host. 
To determine if Calliephialtes would attack other species of insects, 
larvae of Enarmonia prunivora Walsh, Euzophera semifuneralis Walk., 
and Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (Riley) were placed in the propa¬ 
gating cages with actively ovipositing female parasites. The larvae of 
the first two species were placed in transparent cells, and those of the 
last were allowed to remain in their galls. Only a single Enarmonia 
larva was available, and this was parasitized within 2 days, a diminutive 
male Calliephialtes emerging from the cocoon 22 days later. This species 
is, however, much smaller than the normal full-grown larva of the para¬ 
site, and it is doubtful if it would serve in the long run as an alternate 
host. 
Of the two other species of larvae neither was apparently given the 
least attention by the parasites, although those of Euzophera were left 
in the cage for several weeks. 
Codling-moth larvae containing the internally parasitic larvae of As - 
cogaster carpocapsae were readily attacked and parasitized by Calli¬ 
ephialtes. This always resulted in the death of the earlier parasite and 
the production of a diminutive adult Calliephialtes. 
On one occasion a Calliephialtes larva that had already spun its cocoon 
was attacked and killed by an adult of the same species. When the fact 
was discovered, a small living larva was feeding on the dead parasite 
larva. This parasite larva died without spinning. 
LITERATURE CITED 
1. GravEnhorst, J. L. C. Ichneumonologia Europsea. v. 3, Vratislaviae, 1829. 
f *Ephialtes messor, n.,” p, 232. Original description. 
2. Taschenberg, E. L. Die Schlupfwespenfamilie Pimplarise der deutschen Fauna, 
mit besonderer Riicksicht auf die Umgegend von Halle. Ztschr. Ges. 
Naturw., Bd. 21, p. 245-305. 
" Ephialtes messor Gr.,” p. 254. Included in synoptic table of genus and recorded as reared from 
the wax moth. {Tinea) Galleria mellonella . 
3. Walsh, B. D. Descriptions of North American Hymenoptera. Trans. Acad. Sci. 
St. Louis, v. 3, p. 65-166, 1873. 
“ Ephialtes pusio , n. sp,,” p. m-112. Original description. 
