MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YO RKER 
AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
We h:tvc said that the summers at the West arc 
excessively hot. This should lead the builder to 
exercise peculiar care in several particulars. Over¬ 
hanging eaves of great strength, and so built that 
the winds will have the least possible purchase on 
them, will mitigate this evil. Simple and linn por¬ 
ticoes should shade the principal doors, and blinds 
should shield every window aud exposed door.— 
Wherever framed houses are built, the interstices 
between lath and siding should be filled with brick. 
This will add greatly to the coolness of the house, 
besides giving it greater firmness. Wherever it can 
be done, the house should be so constructed that 
the kitchen will be on the west side of it, and the 
parlors on the east side. In this way the xuorning 
work may be done in the shade of the house; and 
when the work of the day is done, the ladies will 
enjoy the parlor? much better, for they, too, will be 
in the shade of the house, as the sun declines to¬ 
wards his setting. 
We have said that the winters at the West are 
excessively cold, We would not be understood to 
imply that New England winters are especially 
mild. We moan only that winters at the West are 
colder than at the East in (he same latitude. Many 
have lost, sight of this fact on going West, and have 
often built line houses in such a way that the enjoy¬ 
ment of true comfort iu them during winter is 
quite out. of the question. To all persons who are 
building, or are going to build homes at the West, 
we would recommend, that north of the 40th degree 
of latitude, they adopt all the devices and expedi¬ 
ents for defense against cold which are in use in 
the coldest regions of the United States. Solid 
cellar walls which frosts cannot penetrate, brick 
masonry between the lathing and siding, (already al¬ 
luded to,) double doors and windows, and the closest 
workmanship with timber and lumber that will keep 
their place—all these are more necessary at the 
West than in the same latitude East 
We will mention one point more which is of 
special importance at the West. We refer to the 
planting of shade trees. Important everywhere, 
both for shelter aud ornament, they are an absolute 
necessity where Tropic heat and Arctic cold hold 
ultimate sway for several months in the year. We 
would not recommend that houses on the plains of 
the West should be entirely embosomed in nests of 
shade. But we would think it best that a nearer 
approach should be made to this condition, than 
in any other region out of the tropics. In summer 
MILK DAIRYING-KEEPING COWS 
Take a Step Forward. —Progression is a part 
of man’s being-lie cannot be stationary—he must 
either add to his store of knowledge, or, by the dis¬ 
use of his mental powers fall into a complete state 
of inanition. The New Year is with us, and the 
most, appropriate time for makingsnch arrangement 
as will give to our stock of experiences a few new 
ideas, is the present. Extravagant notions con¬ 
cerning the operations of the farm are notin our 
creed, and consequently we do not advise a head¬ 
long rush after new-fangled productions, but where 
the exercise of a calm judgment would dictate an 
outlay in any department of farm economy—try it. 
Watch narrowly every operation of the farm—see 
that labor is performed timely and thoroughly._ 
obtain from every accessible source all the practi¬ 
cal information possible—read, reflect and analyse, 
Friend Moore: —It has seemed strange to me 
that among all your contributions from farmers in 
nearly every branch or the business, I have never 
seen a communication from a dairyman engaged 
in the sale of milk. In the vicinity of New York, 
and especially on the lines of the Erie, the Har¬ 
lem and the New Haven Railroads, Ibis business is 
large and continually increasing—having become, 
in some sections, the principal dependence of the 
farmers. 
Impart Information.— The primary object of 
this journal is to discuss and impart information 
upon Practical and Useful subjects—Agriculture, 
Horticulture, and kindred topics—to gather, ar¬ 
range, condense and then publish, all the facts, 
results of observation, experience, &e„ which com¬ 
prise reliable knowledge or important suggestions 
for those engaged in rural pursuits. This has ever 
been and will continue to be our first endeavor; 
aud we invite the aid and co-operation of all prac¬ 
tical, scientific and experienced men in its further¬ 
ance. We want our readers tu give as well as to 
receive useful knowledge—to write, for as well as 
read the Rural, and thus “teach one another.”— 
Remember that, “your light is none the less for 
lighting your neighbor’s torch,” and Consider 
whether it is not your duty to impart to others 
such valuable information as has been acquired in 
your experience. Don’t, say you “are not accus¬ 
tomed to writing for the papers”—that you are no 
penman or grammarian, and so on — for anyone 
who is able to write an intelligible letter, can com¬ 
municate what he knows for publication. Give us 
the facts and figures — the results of carefully con¬ 
ducted experiments and intelligent experience — 
iu a plain, brief, straight-forward, but accurate man¬ 
ner, and we’ll take liare of the stylo and other 
minor matters — make you presentable, if needs 
be, and then cause your light to reach aud benefit 
tens of thousands of neighbors (calling the Ritual 
Parish one neighborhood.) The best, most useful 
articles given in the Agricultural and Horticultural 
journals are from the practical, working (yet think¬ 
ing and observing,) men, rnnuy of whom are so 
extremely dillideot (thinking it requires great 
talent and long practice to tell the plain truth on 
paper,) that they make iu a private note to the 
editor, (if indeed their timidity does not constrain 
them to omit their names altogether,) various 
apologies for their imperfections in writing, or¬ 
thography, grammar, Ac. Now, we beg to assure 
these modest gentlemen that they know a deal more 
than they pretend, and are just the people we desire 
as correspondents—that is to say, we wish to hear 
from men of sound sense, judgment and experi¬ 
ence, without special regard to such non-essentials 
as they enumerate among the requisites for writing 
lor the press. There are thousands of OUT readers 
who never wrote a line for publication, jet can 
“talk like a book,” aud know whereof they affirm 
—men who have carefully investigated and experi¬ 
mented upon certain matters—and yet, instead of 
imparting by tho aid of the thousand-tongued 
press, the valuable knowledge iu their possession, 
make it a subject of verbal tradition. Now if these 
persons will do ft little talking on paper, we will 
spread it wider iu one week (delivering their re¬ 
marks to an andionco of nearly half a million)— 
than any one individual could in a lifetime in the 
ordinary verbal method of “single entry,” Think 
of this great labor-saving process, sensible reader,— 
and may it incite you to action in the manner sug¬ 
gested. Give us your facta and ideas in plain 
terms; and if you see any false teaching or heresy 
in the Rural, whether from Editors, Contributors 
or Correspondents, just “pitch in" aud correct the 
error. Though editors are expected to know eve* 
rytbing, there are a few both in and out of the 
Rural office (especially on the outside!) who are 
not j - et adepts in quite all the arts and sciences. 
—he saj' thus much, frankly and plainly, in 
opening our new volume, in the hope that scores 
of our readers will at once “turn over a new leaf,” 
and act upon our suggestions daring the year upon 
which wc now enter. 
Having been engaged for some little 
time in the sale of milk iu the New York market, I 
have thought some account of our manner of feed¬ 
ing, prices obtained, Ac., might interest some of 
your numerous readers, and perhaps lead others 
engaged in the trade to give their experience iu 
the Rural. 
We have for some time kept a dairy of from 25 to 
50 cows, and find that, at the prices obtained (about 
2 cents per quart in summer and 3 to 3$ in wiuter,) 
we can from our ordinary native cows, scdl an ave¬ 
rage of SCO per cow by the year. Some cows will, 
of course, produce $70 worth, while others again 
will hardly earn $50 in a year. It. seems to me that 
this is more profitable than either butter or cheese- 
making, although wo do not have the skim milk for 
the pigs, which with some would he quite an object. 
We are so near the New York market that we can 
almost always sell our produce profitably, aud buy 
our pork cheaper than we can raise it. 
Iu summer our cows get nothing but pasture, but 
iu winter we find it to pay best to keep them com¬ 
fortable and feed them well. We tie al! our cattle 
by the head iu stalls a little over 4 feet, wide, with 
a good manger in front, and sufficient space in front 
of the manger to do the work of feeding. Ac., which 
is much better than crowding between the animals 
to give them their food. There is sufficient room 
behind for piling the manure. We have tried 
various plans for feeding, but are now giving the 
hay dry, and the feed (whatever it may be) made 
into a thin slop with water, in light boxes which 
are not connected with the manger, yet may he 
taken out and cleaued. We thiulc we do quite as 
well in this way as by cutting the hoy, and the sav¬ 
ing in labor iu a large dairy is very great. 
Buckwheat, ground without taking out the flour, 
is about the best feed, and it will pay to buy it if it 
can be had for fi fty cents per bushel or less. Heavy 
wheat feed is also very good. We have never tried 
instruct and benefit, so numerous and important a 
class of commiinitjL We institute this department 
iu order to euliHt the attention and promote the 
temporary and permanent wolfiiro of the boys and 
young men of the Rural Districts. Our first, aim 
will be to imbue our young friends with a love of 
therr occupation — to convince them that Agricul¬ 
ture is the most Healthy and Honorable, as it is the 
most Natural and Useful pursuit of Man. We shall 
endeavor to aid them iu becoming intelligent, 
skillful, progressive model farmers, and also look 
after and insist upon their receiving certain rights 
—some of which have been lost sight of in the 
strife about man’s aud “woman's rights.” Among 
these wo enumerate such items as a good educa¬ 
tion, useful books and papers, occasional holidays, 
good tools and implements (especially when they 
are expected to perform as much labor as men,) 
the privilege of competing at Fairs, A'c., Ac., Ac. 
We invite t he aid and co-operation of the seniors 
in this department, and trust that those qualified to 
instruct, advise aud encourage the young will write 
an occasional article for their especial benefit. 
And the Boys, too, they must “hoe out their rows,” 
and show us what they can accomplish. Many of 
them are doing well in obtaining subscribers for 
the Rural, and wc doubt not they will ere long 
become valuable correspondents. In order to 
make The Young Run a list an interesting and 
instructive department we solicit contributions 
from both old and young. What say, good friends? 
Shall your favor and aid be extended ? 
TO FARMERS’ SONS 
WINTERING BEES, 
EFFECTS OF DRAINING. 
In this connection I cannot refrain adding a 
word of caution to any young men In tills audience 
who dislike the so-called dullness and drudgery of 
farm-life, and long to enter the arena of what, they 
imagine to be pleasant, and profitable city trades 
and professions. As one who, though not yet old, 
has traversed both paths, I would earnestly entreat 
ttnj' and every farmer’s son who may be looking 
city-ward to pause and ponder well the life-long 
consequences of a change from country to city life 
and habits, and from an out-door to a sedentary 
employment. Remember that, though few — alas, 
how very few!—business und professional men suc¬ 
ceed in acquiring aud retaining wealth audposition, 
the many too often fail of securing even a compe¬ 
tency — while thousands of disappointed, broken¬ 
hearted men, who commenced life with high hopes and 
brilliant prospects, annually die in poverty and obscu¬ 
rity. Bear in mind, also, that the farm is the natu¬ 
ral nursery of Health, Virtue and Contentment, and 
that it guarantees a competence if not wealth— 
while the city (with its avocations, associations and 
temptations,) injures and often destroys the health, 
corrupts the morals, and not unfrequcntly leads to 
bankruptcy iu cash, conscience and respectability. 
But I need not attempt to portray the superiority 
of the farmer's occupation ns a business for life, or 
of the God-made country wherein to render happy 
and prolong that life:—for were not a vast ma¬ 
jority of the truly great aud useful men of this 
ami all ages, born aud reared away from the tur¬ 
moil of the poisonous town, and in the only re¬ 
spectable birth--place on earth — the pure, invigo¬ 
rating, life-giving and sustaining country?—and do 
not the wisest, best and most famous men ever de¬ 
sire to spend the evening of their existence in the 
quietness aud serenity of the country, and that, too, 
after vainly seeking peace and happiness elsewhere? 
Be assured, therefore, that, as a general rule, every 
young man who leaves the farm for the counter, 
desk, physic or law, forsakes a certainty for an un¬ 
certainty — and as to the extent, of that uncertainty, 
let the idle, starving thousands of our large Cities 
answer. 
Aud yet, if a young man has a decided taste—an 
unconquerable inclination — for this or that busi¬ 
ness or profession, it is perhaps best to give it a 
fair trial—especially as, unless our large towns oc¬ 
casionally receive recruits flom the country, they 
will ere long have no robust, vigorous, enterprising 
(and 1 had almost said respectable) citizens. But 
there are other items worthy of consideration.— 
For example, those who wish to "live long in the 
land,” would do well to look ax the statistics on the 
comparative duration of life among the various 
occupations. The Census of one of our Stales— 
Mass., I believe— gives the average life of Farmers 
to be 05 years; Merchauts, 50; Mechanics, 45. In 
these days of progress 15 or 20 years is certainly an 
item of some moment—a most potent argument in 
favor of rural life and its pursuits. The poet has 
beautifully and truthfully said — 
“Would yon he strong ?— Go follow- the plow: 
Would you be thoughtful ?—Study fields and flowers: 
Would you be wise Jf—Take ou yourself a vow 
To go to school in Na l lire's sunny bowers. 
Fly from the city—nothing there can charm; 
Seel; Wisdom, Strength and Virtue on a farm.” 
Young men, ponder well before you decide this 
question of change from country to city—for it is 
a matter of life-long importance.— Address of D. D. 
T. Moore before Livingston Co. Ag. Society. 
Eds. Rural: —There are many valuable and in¬ 
teresting articles in thb ttlta'ic, and 1 feel willing 
to contribute my mite to enhance its interest to 
others. 
I have kept bees for thirty years, and have lost 
many in wintering without knowing the main cause 
until lately. That many die for want of food there 
is no doubt, but more perish for want of air. A 
moisture collects in the hives in cold weather, from 
the breath ol' the bees, or some other source, which 
becomes frozen in extreme cold weather, except iu 
the immediate cluster of the bees, and prevents 
their moving among the combs for food, and thus 
they perish when there is a plenty of honey in the 
hive, and when a suilicient circulation of air 
through the hive would have carried off the vapor 
and kept kept, it dry arid healthy. 
In the common box hive there should be a l,f 
inch hole near the top. covered with wire cloth for 
a ventilator, and the hive raised a little from the 
bench, or a sufficient opening to admit a free cir¬ 
culation of air through the hive, which will carry 
ofi'the moisture and the bees will not freeze if kept 
dry. The tilth, dead bees, Ac., should be all kept 
cleaned away from under the hive. The hive 
should not be raised high enough to admitthe mice. 
Bees will winter better in a dark room, or the 
chamber of some out-building, as the extreme 
changes of the weather do not affect them as much 
as when out door ; but if in a house it will be neces¬ 
sary to cover the opening at tbe bottom with wire- 
cloth to prevent the egress of the bees, and be sure 
to see how they do once every week. You have to 
see to your pig every day and furnish his food, but 
your bees provide their own food; all you have to 
do for them is to see that they have a comfortable 
place to live, which costs lmt little. Many have 
much to say about luck with bees, but their welfare 
depends ns much on the right kind of care, as that 
of any of the creatures that we have upon the farm. 
Those who have Pillars’ Patent Combination 
Hive in use, Bhould remove the top boxes as he di¬ 
rects, that the vapor may pass oil, or the bees will 
die, especially if the colony is numerous. II tlmy 
come up Into the case they will return again to 
their mistress and honey, or you can lay a piece of 
wire-cloth ou the top of the section and keep them 
in it Open the ventilators under the bottom sev¬ 
eral timeB in a month, and let down the entire bot¬ 
tom once or twice in the course of the winter, and 
see that all the dead bees and filth are cleaned out. 
Use a little tobacco smoke from a pipe, or other¬ 
wise as yon please, before opening, to drive the 
bees back, lest they come out aud are lost. If you 
jmt these hives in a building, it will he necessary 
to run a piece of wire-cloth down between the sec¬ 
tion aud the case to prevent, the egress of the bees, 
but run down a common buml-saw first to make 
room for the wire. Dent be afraid of a shilling's 
expense to save a hive of bees, they will richly pay 
you the ensuing season. I put a swarm into one 
of Pheli’S’ hives the 19th of .Tune last, anil they 
tilled two of the large sections which hold 30 
pounds each, and filled three boxes ou the top, eon 
tainiug 12 pounds each, which I sold in New York 
with my other box honey—netting ntc 30 cents per 
pound: 36 pounds at 30 cents, $10 8ft. Now see to 
your bees and do likewise. Reed Bureitt. 
Iiurdeti, N. Y., 1867. 
GUANO WATER vs. GUANO 
The Annual Meetings of Agricultural Soci¬ 
eties —State, County, District and Township—are 
mostly to be held during the present month, and 
as the action on such occasions is of considerable 
importance to members and community, we would 
urge all interested to attend and participate in the 
proceedings. It is of the first consequence to se¬ 
cure sensible, discreet, progressive ami enterprising 
men as officers of these associations,—and if such 
are not selected the fault will be attributable to the 
fact, that members neglected the duty of attending 
and acting ou the question. It is far better to give 
this matter timely attention, thus placing the con¬ 
trol of affairs in proper hands, than to afterwards 
complain of tho faults or omissions of an incom¬ 
petent board of management. We trust this sug¬ 
gestion will be heeded by our readers in all sec¬ 
tions, near and distant, who are or should be mem¬ 
bers of Agricultural and Horticultural Associations. 
— By the way, we shall be happy to receive and 
publish the lists of Officers, Ac., of all the princi¬ 
pal Societies, as soon after the holding of their 
Annual Meetings as convenient. 
U. S. Ao. Society. —The Filth Annual Meeting 
of this Society is to be held in Washington, D. C., 
on the 14th inst. Important busiuess will be trans¬ 
acted. The Report of the late Exhibition, and the 
Journal of the Society for 1850 will be distributed 
to members present. Awards of Premiums on 
Field Crops will be made, Officers elected for 1857, 
and propositions relative to next Annual Exhibi¬ 
tion acted upon. Distinguished gentlemen are 
announced to lecture before the Society —Prof. 
Henry, Ciias, L. Flint and D. J. Browne —and 
interesting discussions are anticipated. The va¬ 
rious Agricultural Societies of the Union are 
requested to send delegates, aud all gentlemen in¬ 
terested in the welfare of American Agriculture 
arc invited to be present. 
The N. Y. State Ag. Scene tv will hold its next. 
Annual Meeting in Albany, on the second Wednes¬ 
day (11th) of February ensuing. 
A GOOD SUGGESTION 
Friend Moore; — I can say with all my heart, of 
tho first article in the Rural of Dec, 13, over the 
initials C. D., that “ them's my sentiments.'' 1 1 would 
now like to have Prof, C. D. use the same pen in 
showing the advantages to he derived by Agricul¬ 
tural Societies and the country, bj r offering liberal 
premiums to the publishers of books, essays und 
newspapers, with a view to create a rivalry with 
reference to improved reading for the producing 
classes. I want to see said article in the Rural, 
and then I want to have that, aud the one already 
published, put into a tract and sent to all the 
Agricultural Societies in our State, or perhaps 
country. You may draw ou me for one dollar 
toward paying the expense. 
With kind regard, j T ours, 
Archibald Stone. 
Hinmanville, N. Y., Dec. 1856. 
Riches in Store. —Although we elsewhere re¬ 
quest readers to write for the Rural, it is not for 
the reason that wc are at present short of “ copy.” 
On the contrary, we have an abundance of excel¬ 
lent “matter” in type and on tile for publication— 
including a variety of practical, scientific and lit¬ 
erary articles from Special Contributors. In truth, 
we have refrained from doing our very best this 
week, so as to leave room for improvement in 
future numbers!—and beside, we are opposed to 
purposely making one paper superior to others aud 
using extra copies as specimens. Our aim is to 
make every number of the Rural a model,—and we 
trust subsequent issues will demonstrate the truth 
of the assertion. 
Sheep for California. —The N. Y. Tribune 
states that the George Law, which sailed for Cali¬ 
fornia, on the 27th ult.,took ont two pairs of French 
Merino sheep, for Messrs Bearle and Wjtiii, exten¬ 
sive woo) growers of that State. They were from 
the flock of J. P. Patterson, Westfield, Chautauqne 
county, New York, of whom thej’ were purchased 
at $500 a pair. 
--»»» - 
TnE Annual Meeting of the Monroe Co. Ag. So¬ 
ciety is to be held in Court House, this city, Jan. 14. 
The Erie Co. Ag. Society holds its annual meeting 
on same day, at Whittemoke’s, near Fair Grounds. 
Deferred. —Several valuable articles. Though 
we have small type, the Rural holds only so much. 
