TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.J 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS, 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
Alf OKtOtlfAb WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL- 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE C0B.F3 OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
colil, cloud and sunshine,—and the convenience of 
the public is to be affected, and the business of the 
people in a great measure regulated and controlled, 
by the weather we shall have to-morrow. We 
cannot pretend to specify the results that the 
spreading out of this system of meteorological 
research over the land would give. 
But it is obvious that our observers must cover 
the land as well as the sea, and that in order to 
study the operations of this atmosphericalmachine, 
and comprehend its movements, we must treat it as 
a whole. 
Humboldt and Dove, Krikl, Quetelet, Kup- 
ffkr, Jomard and Lk Verrier, with a host of 
other lights of science in Europe, stand ready to 
co-operate with ns in maturing aud inaugurating 
such extension of our marine observations. Indeed, 
Europe is waiting for America to make the move 
in this matter. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS! 
H. T. BROOKS Prot. C. DEWEY, 
T. C. PETERS, Lt. M. F. MAURY, 
L. B. LANOWORTHY, T. S. ARTHUR, 
EDWARD WEBSTER, MRS. M. J. HOLMES. 
while the government undertook the expense of 
elaboration and publication. In acknowledgment 
of such service, and for encouragement, every 
Navigator who had contributed observations, was 
furnished gratuitously with blank forms for records 
and a copy of the work which the observations 
contributed by lira, bad helped to make. 
By this simple and economical plan, the ocean, 
in a little time, was dotted over with floating me¬ 
teorological stations, from which sea and air were 
watched day and night, and the phenomena pre¬ 
sented by them carefully observed and noted. 
Among the immediate results of this under¬ 
taking, passaget were shortened, the dangers of 
the sea were lessens 1, navigation was improved, 
commerco was benefited, and reraoto corners of 
the earth lifted up ns it were, and set down nearer 
to onr own doors by many days’sail than they were 
before. Ihe commercial distance via, Cape Horn 
to California was reduced from a voyage of upwards 
of six months on the average to one of a little over 
four months, and by a similar process the golden 
colony of Australia was placed just ono month 
nearer to the ports of the mother country than it 
the saving this effected to British 
Tita Rural Nkw-Youkrk U dpsiRncd to ba uiisurpnsred in 
Valn«, Purity, Usetafli### and V.u iety of Contests, and unique 
»nd beautiful in uppeurum-u. It« Conductor duvotes bin personal 
attention to tbo auparvluton of It# v.iriou# department)!, and 
earnestly labor* to remtur the Rural nn eminently Reliable 
Guide on tho Important Practical, Scientific and other Subjects 
Intimately cull IP-mod with the Imulurifl of those whoso Ijiteretitf) 
tt realnnely advocates. It embrace! more Agricultural. Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary aud Now# Matter, 
Interspersed with appropriate ami beautiful Engravings than 
any other Journal,—rendering It the most complete AoiucmTl!- 
bai. Literary and Family Newspaper In America 
cy All communication#, and butinne# letter*, should bo 
addressed to O. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N Y. 
Fob Terms, and other particulars, see last page. 
Wo maybe permitted to make an ex¬ 
tract bearing on the subject from a letter received 
by the writer, no longer ago than the beginning of 
the winter, from M. Qubtklht —the Astronomer 
Royal of Belgium, the preceptor of Prince Albert, 
and one of the most accomplished scientific men 
of the age. Quetelet has done more for vegeta¬ 
ble meteorology, perhaps, than any other man liv¬ 
ing; and, owing in no small degree to the scien¬ 
tific aid which he has rendered, and the skill which 
he has done so much to develop, Belgium is, per¬ 
haps, in a higher state of cultivation and agricul¬ 
tural improvement, than any country in the world. 
This letter is dated 10th Dec., ISott, and says: 
•‘Happily, you are not of a character to hesitate, and you 
will do Tory wrong to abandon the enterprise oi extending 
youx meteorological system of rcanarch from sea to land, 
to Knglnnd, to France aad to Ruasia, It is plainly necessary 
that it should proceed. This grand undertaking is entirely 
honorable, and your country should not lose the honor of 
having been the first to suggest it There is a certain 
boldness and seal necessary, which is better suited to a 
young country than to our old climates— nevertheless, wo 
are not altogether to be disdained, and in many respects we 
may, by following, gain the palm. Bnt real merit is in 
every age the same in individuals as in nations. In your 
proposition, America has found a great Idea, which should 
be altogether her own property , and should not be abandon¬ 
ed, because our continents with to march in the same route, 
but should be accomplished in a firm manner by herself.— 
Our Europe is too contracted, and her governments too 
jealous of their respective influences, to allow one of the 
principal nations to take peace ot the other. They all will 
aid voluntarily, when the appeal comes from without, and 
each can give an equal part without chance that any rival 
can attain an advantage ovor the other. Hold, then, firmly 
to yonr proposition — endeavour to overcome hesitancy in 
America, and thus she shall render an immense service to 
science, and nobly accomplish a career which she com¬ 
menced. I say nothing, my dear friend, of yourself, be¬ 
cause I know well that you regard always the geueral wel¬ 
fare and not your own. But listen to me 
Entered according to Act o' Oongro;.*, in the veer 1X57, by 
D. D T. Moore, In the Clerk'# Office of the District 
Court for tho Northern District cl New York. 
METEOROLOGY FOR FARMERS. 
was before; 
commerce alone has been estimated in England to 
be worth to the merchants and poople of that 
country not less than ten millions of dollars a year. 
Now mind, gentle, prudent, and cautions farmers, 
the sea captains and merchants to realise these 
gains di-L not have to incur any additional outlay 
—all the costs to them was in the pens and ink 
nocessary for recording the observations they were 
requested to make. The instruments used were 
required for the proper navigation of the ship at 
any rate. And the necessary instruments for the 
observations now required to bo made on land, are 
such as every good farmer ought to have also at 
any rate. Thus was commenced the first syste¬ 
matic attempt to study the Meteorology of the sea 
and to investigate by an extensive co-operation 
among mariners, the laws which govern the move¬ 
ments of sea and air. 
Other maritime nations, foreseeing the benefits 
arising from this plan, signified a desire to take 
part in this system of research as co-laborers— 
Accordingly, the leading powers of Europe, sent 
their chief hydrographers, being officers noted for 
their accomplishments in the walks of science, to 
meet the Superintendent of the Washington Ob¬ 
servatory in conference, and to consult together as 
to the best plan of a general and uniform system 
of Meteorological Observatories at sea. 
These officers met in Brussels about three years 
ago, and there devised a plan of physical research 
for the sea, which, at their recommendation, hie-, 
been adopted by sea-going people generally. The 
BY LIEUT. M. F. MAURY. 
; strive to obtain 
this bint conquest. No OD8 shall applaud more sincerely 
your success than myself, and I am also ready to second you 
with aB the resources which I have. Age advances, diffi¬ 
culties .iUgment, but we have as yet no cause to recede.— 
Every year lost is a considerable loss. It was necessary to 
give way to the Russian war, but at present there ore no 
such motives to excuse inaction. It is nocessary to make 
another effort, aud fortune will reward us.” 
We shall continue this sul-jeet in our next arti¬ 
cle. We shall show its importance to the Army 
and Navy, that the Government and Legislators, 
may, with a clear conscience, do their part towards 
the great object we have in view; and then we 
shall show the plan of observations and satisfy our 
readers that it is neither elaborate, complex or 
difficult. On the contrary the observations at the 
commencement are few and simple, and neither do 
they require any very great skill or amount of labor 
to make them. It should be begun in a very sim¬ 
ple and plain way, and then, as its usefulness and 
importance are developed, it may be extended. 
CHINESE SUGAR CANE. 
For article on Chinese Sugar Cane—its culture, manufacture into syrup, &c, 
main until its services are required next season.— 
The elements are making aad work with it, and if, 
after being put in operation next summer it should 
break amid the hurry and bustle of haying, the 
proprietor thereof will hold himself in special 
readiness to give a dissertation on the faithless¬ 
ness of mechanics and tho extortion of the paten¬ 
tees of poor machinery. Each and every imple¬ 
ment shotild be in its proper place, and when it is 
required valuable time will not be squandered in 
voyages of discovery. 
Never keep your accounts in yonr head. We 
will give yon the credit of possessing a mental de¬ 
velopment that an ardent professor of phreuology 
would travel miles to see—but- if yon attempt to 
turn it into a day-book, journal and ledger, the 
weak spots will soon exhibit themselves. What 
though the sum borrowed, lent or paid out be 
small—mako a written entry of it If yon do not 
possess energy enough to systematize matters ou 
your own account, let the interests of yonr family 
prompt to business action and completion. Death 
comes to all, ami who could settle up an estate if 
there be no record of transactions. The spoiler is 
abroad, aud the widow and the fatherless are too 
often his victims, exposed by the http-hazard con¬ 
duct of those who should have been protectors. 
Having adopted the foregoing principles as 
guides in the performance of labor, tho selection 
and purchase of tools will be found a matter for 
the exercise of discrimination and judgment._ 
Every farmer despises poor help, aud yet very fre¬ 
quently a good man is furnished with an illy pro¬ 
portioned and badly constructed implement with 
which he is expected to do a large amount of 
work. The object sought for in the adoption of 
any variety of machinery is, by its use, to obtain 
an aid to the fulfillment of our designs — not be¬ 
cause the exuberance of the animal spirits require 
that a certain amount of weight should be carried 
to retard and contract our operations. The pro¬ 
prietor of one of the "Premium Farms” of New 
York, in his report to the Committee cf Examina¬ 
tion, says:—“I have aimed to procure tho best 
implements for my men to work with, the best 
seeds to propagate from, put in my crops in the 
best order and in good season, and find I have no 
reason to complain of a libera! expenditure on my 
farm in labor, manure, &c., as it pays back a good 
interest.” A good implement is always cheap, a 
poor one always dear though it cost nothing. 
In addition to having good tools they should be 
kept i n perfect order. The man who farms profita¬ 
bly will be found, in time of peace preparing for 
war, aud when the period for aetlou arrives, he 
summons his forces and is in the conflict imme¬ 
diately. His antipodes, when the fields are wait¬ 
ing for tho plow, discovers that a point is wanted, 
and a day is lost in procuring one. The harrow is 
troubled with an imperfect dental formation — a 
molar here and an incisor there is necessary to fit 
it for its task. Thus ho moves on, ever lagging 
and ever complaining, belated in all his designs, 
labor unperformed, crops unsecured, desires and 
hopes thwarted, and vexation and loss constantly 
ensuing. The principle of promptness must be en¬ 
grafted upon our code of procedure in the bu¬ 
siness of life, and the pursuits of the farmer ore 
as subject to this governing agency as those of any 
other vocation. 
In our former article on this subject in the Rural 
of lust week, we glanced briefly at those essentials 
which were purely of a mental character—requir¬ 
ing the exercise of mind alone for their perform¬ 
ance—ami now turn to the second portion of our 
theme, the necessaries dependent upon physical 
labor aud skill. 
Paramount among the requisites of profitable 
fanning is Order. Unless system be the presiding 
genius of the farm, the laborer toileth but in vain. 
"A place for everything and everythin in its 
place,” must be a law irremediable and irrevoca¬ 
ble, and its exercise ahonld be upon all the humani¬ 
ty—young or old, male or female—that are engaged 
in dally avocations on yonr soil. The plow has no 
business standing in the unfinished furrow which 
formed a portion of the day's toil lust fall. The 
scythe, left swinging in the apple tree when its 
needed offices were finished, is not occupying the 
position which the thrifty farmer would give it. 
We can go to a field, not four miles from this city, 
and find therein, expose.! to tho action of rain and 
■now, a mowing machine which cost, but a short 
time since, upwards of one hundred dollars. There 
it has been since the labors for which it was de¬ 
signed were finished, and there it probably will re- 
The Superintendent of tho National Observatory, 
being duly authorized, appealed to the ship masters 
and owners for co-operation, and invited all under 
the American flag to send to the Observatory, ab¬ 
stracts ol their log books, showing for every day 
during the voyage, the latitude and longitude of 
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