,n.MWu’>,».<■,<■»■«,».>»,<<>C> ( <>,»,M.MW‘>«>»,M,MW»|'>,»»,»>>■■<■>,’>.>!,)<H’H’I.»»,>■,>»><■><■>,»>.»<■ »>»»««><»>, ■I.M,H>/» l CW<» l 'l.>I.MG»W'lr»I.M.M.«,M,<l>«0-UU,0,M,U, XD'.l'U'l,....»./»WU’I.M.M.DU.>>.<«»,>>,U. l«D'W'><M.M.OD'».M.UD'll»I.M,UU'>m l M.M.M,jm»w»I.M.<<U'l l ,»l,M.O t m ( M,M l <m'l,»I.M,< 
MOOllE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER 
AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
Khie Co. Ag. Socikty. — This Society was re¬ 
organized under the new law last June, and made 
arrangements lor holding an Annual Fair, by leas¬ 
ing a large and eligible lot of land near Red 
Jacket, Post Office, and in the immediate vicinity 
of the Mission Church, and near the homo and 
burial place of the renowned Chief and orator 
Red Jacket. 'Chough late iri the season, and la¬ 
boring under many difficulties, the grounds were 
prepared roughly, and a Pair held on the 25th and 
2Gth of Sept., which was fairly attended, though a 
severe storm of wind and dust kept thousands 
from being present. The report of the Treasurer 
shows a fair business: 
Jan. 22, 1850. Amount ou band...$469 00 
Interest ou same. 11 12 
Sept. 25 h 20. Receipts at. Fair and voluntary 
coutribnlions. 405 00 
Balance due Treasurer__12 26 
GROWING ONIONS 
The next Annual Fatr of the N. Y. State Ag. 
Society is to be held in Buflalo during the second 
week of October. 
PURE” AND 
Eds, Rural: — I am much pleased with the re¬ 
marks and discussion in the Rural on the subject 
of “ Pure Dred,” “ Thorough Bred,” Ac. While wc 
will all agree with you in the first article, that 
“ thorough” strictly construed must mean as much 
as “pure” when applied to the blood of animals, 
you must allow us, as readers of your excellent 
paper, and as producers of both “pure” and “tho¬ 
rough bred” animals, to say a lew words lor our¬ 
selves. 
I am a breeder of Short-horns. Your corres¬ 
pondent D., in the Rural of January 31, assures 
us that it is understood that the term “thorough 
bred” is used by "scientific breeders” in this 
country, as signifying what are termed “grades” 
by all breeders with whom / have any acquain¬ 
tance. Now, this is the first time I ever heard the 
term so employed. Bat his experience is larger 
than mine, and doubtless he is better qualified to 
judge in the premises. I think it a question that 
ought to he settled and well settled; and it would 
be well for others interested in the business of 
breeding “pure” or “thorough bred” animals to 
write out their views of the use of this term. I 
assure you that it is variously used, so far as my 
knowledge extends. I have found two classes of 
opinions in this country,—1st, Those holding “tho¬ 
rough” as synonymous with pure; 2d, Those giv¬ 
ing evidence of relationship to imported animals, 
on both sidus, and_witliout mixture with any other 
filood. The State Society holds the latter, and re¬ 
fuses t,o grant premiums without the production of 
such evidence. All others they class as grades, 
no matter how high the Wood. 
In the first sense, used above, there is little sig¬ 
nificance in the term, the word “ pure ” being bet¬ 
ter. Not so with the second. Here the word 
“ thorough ” applies to a strict adherence to the line 
of ancestry, and does not necessarily imply “pure 
blood,” tho’ it is universally conceded, as J>. re¬ 
marks, that “ imported’’ is synonymous with “pure 
blood”—at all events this is as far as the State So¬ 
ciety has seen fit to go; and it is so with many 
breeders, I believe. Grossing with native, or any 
other breed can only be regarded as gradations by 
which approximation to purity of blood is attain¬ 
ed; hence, “ grtides'* is a term I have always un¬ 
derstood to apply to all crossings. It would seem, 
Michigan Ag. Coli.koe. —We are glad to learn 
that Hon. Joseph R. Williams has been appoint¬ 
ed President and Director of Practical Farming, 
and Mr. Jno. M. Gregory, Professor of Political 
Economy and English Literature in this institution. 
Wheat Crop, South. —The Washington Star is 
satisfied that the wheat crop for 70 miles around 
Washington at least, in all directions, has been 
much less injured by the late severe weather than 
was thought two weeks ago. The entire disap¬ 
pearance of the snow has demonstrated this fact, 
to the great joy of the agricultural community.— 
Throughout the entire Piedmont region of Vir¬ 
ginia, particularly, the impression prevails that 
the winter has not damaged the crop anywhere, 
materially. 
Total... 
CONTRA. 
October, 1856. P*d foncing&nd preparing grounds 
“ “ P’d premiums at Annua! Fair_ 
“ “ Extra labor, printing, &c.. 
$*9- as 
Geo. \V. Scott, Treasurer. 
The Annual Meeting wish eld at “Wliittemore’s,” 
near tho Fair ground, Jau. 14, 1857, and the fol¬ 
lowing Board of Officers elected for the current 
year:— President— Ebastus Wallis, M. I)., Willink. 
Vice-Presidents —William llamWcton, Fust Ham¬ 
burgh; E. S. Fly, Lancaster. Treasurer —George 
W. Scott, Buffalo. Secretary —James M. Payne, 
East Aurora. Directors —A, K. Humphrey, Hol¬ 
land; Aaron Riley, East Aurora; Win. Uainbleton, 
Myron Stilwell, East Hamburgh; Frost us Wallis, 
Willink; Jason Sexton, Buffalo. The Society bids 
fair for future usefulness and success, and its board 
of officers—efficient working men—need only the 
active co-operation of the citizens and farmers of 
Buffalo and the county, to make this the model 
Society of tho State, us it contains within its boun¬ 
daries the elements of prosperity.—n. c. w. 
Sale op Brahmin Stock,— Eighteen head of 
cattle, of the “Brahmin” and “Royal Damascus 
Arabian” breeds, were recently sold at public sale 
in the city of New Orleans, and brought an aggre¬ 
gate of $3,745, Twelve of them were females 
ranging from seven mouths to five years old, and 
six of them males from seven mouths to four years 
old. The twelve females brought $2,070—an ave¬ 
rage of $275 and some cents each. Ten of the 
twelve females were of the Brahmin slock, and live 
ol the six males were Brahmins—all the Brahmins 
being descended from the animals owned by Mr. 
Thomas Fades, of Lexington, Ky., and nearly all 
of them raised by him. The animals were sold by 
Mr. Cuas. McHatton, of Baton Rouge, La, 
The hulk of the manure ou a farm should ever 
he bestowed upon those crops desigued for_the 
support of the live stock, by which measure, and 
the use of the hoe or cultivator, these fallows, as 
they are very properly termed, will be in a most 
rich, clean and elegant order for the after produc¬ 
tion of corn or grain of any kind.— Host, Cult. 
The Origin of Wheat. — The origin of the 
wheat which we now cultivate, is involved in con¬ 
siderable obscurity. Nowhere is it found to exist 
native. In a paper in the Edinburgh Review, the 
author of it takes the ground that, all our common 
cereals have been developed, by cultivation, from 
grains, having, in their natural state, scarcely any 
resemblance to those now cultivated, aud he as- 
sertsTthat the particular plautfrom which wheat 
has originated, is a grass growing wil 1 on the 
shores of the Mediterranean, and known to botan¬ 
ists by the name of aegilops. If this is trne, it will 
afford some clue to solve the question, “ does wheat 
ever become chess.” 
A YOUNG HORTICULTURIST, 
Messrs. Editors: —Will you eon feru favor upon 
a hoy that reads your valuable paper, by' answer¬ 
ing a few questions through the Rural? 
1st. Will trees set in tho fall do to graft in the 
spring following? 
2d. Should the scions be taken from trees that 
bear? 
3d. When is the best time to cut the scions? 
4th. At what time should the scions be set? 
5th. And what is the best method of making 
the wax? 
Ary age is 12 May last; I set some 30 grafts for 
curiosity, the first I ever set, and nearly all of them 
are now alive, one grew 32 inches.—J. G. S., Nor¬ 
wich, N. Y., Feb. 16, 1857. 
Remarks. —1st. Yes. 
2d. It would be full as well to take the scions 
from bearing trees. It will, however, mako but lit¬ 
tle difference if you are sure of the kinds. 
3d and 4th. You can cut scions anytime during 
winter, aud keep them iu the cellar covered with 
earth until time for grafting, which will be as soon 
as the ground thaws in the spring, and the winter 
breaks up, before the sap begius to move. 
5th, Grafting wax is composed of bees-wax tal¬ 
low and rosin about equal parts, melted together. 
very laborious. If the season is very wet, they 
may show a disposition to form “scullions,” that 
is grow up with a thick sim, and not head. In 
such a case, if the tops are bent down with the 
head of a wooden rake, it will check their growth 
and xend to make them Qiym bulbs. 
Still another plan la, to sow the seed in the open 
ground, and in July, when the onions are as large 
as peas, they arc taken up, and stored away in a 
dry airy place, until the next spring. They are 
then planted out, and by full will produce a good 
crop. If the sets are grown too large, in this cli¬ 
mate, however, many will go to seed. 
The plan first recommended, of growing the 
young onions in hot beds, we consider altogether 
the best. Plenty of good rich manure is required 
to grow the onion in perfection. Black muck, we 
think, would be of little avail, unless composted 
for a season with stable manure, or soaked iu the 
washings of the barn-yard, or the drippings of the 
stable. 
Any good, rich, dry soil, will answer for Onions. 
We would not plant them in a black muck, unless 
it was well drained, and had been previously cul¬ 
tivated. 
SHELL MARL. 
Eds. Rural: —Allow me through your valuable 
paper to make the inquiry—Will Shell Marl that 
underlies swamp muck, which is a lime formation, 
injure the muck for bedding cattle, horses, Ac.?— 
Late writers'On manures state that it is an error 
to use lime with farm yard manure or any com¬ 
pound rich in ammonia, the tendency of which is 
to waste the ammonia, being the most valuable 
part. Most. of the swamp muck in this section is 
underlaid with shell marl and contains quite a 
per ceutage of lime. This muck is undoubtedly 
the cheapest and best bedding that can be used to 
save the liquid manure of stables if the lime it 
contains does not injure it by driving off the am¬ 
monia. This marl is lime iu a mild state, and 
will it have the same effect as caustic or burntlimc 
in manure ? Au answer to the foregoing will 
oblige many farmers.—J. W. Armstrong, Hamil¬ 
ton, Jan., 1857. 
Remarks. —We have laid the subject of the fore¬ 
going before a number of those who have experi¬ 
mented, and the general conclusion is that shell 
marl, uuder the muck, will not operate as a caustic 
on the manure, but will be a benefit. We would 
be glad to have the experience, in full of those who 
have used this substance in the manner stated. 
A Cow that Gives no Butter. —I have two 
cows—as I supposed, good ones. They both gave 
good messes of milk, and from it we made the 
usual quantity of butter up to the time of feeding 
hay, which was about the 15th of May last. At 
that time we could notsncceed in making any hat¬ 
ter from the milk. Of course, as we had hut two 
cows, the milk was strained into pans together, 
and the cream churned as usual, hut as mentioned 
above, we could get no butter. Afterwards we 
kept the milk separate, and fouud that one cow's 
milk would make batter, while the other would 
not, although the cow that we could make no but¬ 
ter fiom was apparently in good order and healthy, 
and the cows were kept exactly alike. Will you or 
some of your numerous correspondents, explain 
the matter for me? Both cows calved about the 
first of April last.— David Dayton, Catharine, N. 
Y., Feb. 14, 1857. 
Not so with the Avoi d “fultP When used as an 
adjective, as is the case when used to denote the 
quality of blood of animals, it may denote only 
“abounding with—having a largo quantity.”— 
When applied to qantily, or used as a noun, it must 
signify completeness of measure; no more can he 
added. The word is often used iu common lan¬ 
guage and conversation to denote less thau the 
whole, or the utmost extent. The term is, there¬ 
fore, appropriate to express the quality of the 
blood of animals, of which it can be said in truth, 
the imported or infused blood “abounds, is in 
large quantity,” or prevails. 
We have, then, 1st, “Pure blood”—meaning pare. 
2d, “Thorough bred” in a direct line of ancestry 
from imported animals, ou both sides. 3d, “FnU 
blood,” animals bred in this country imported and 
pure sires, crossed with natives till the imported 
or pure blood “ abounds, is in large quantity.” 
I trust others will speak out and correct my 
errors and wrong impressions. Knowledge is 
what we waut I have never before written for 
the Rural, but I felt impelled to write the above 
from motives of interest, and a desire to know the 
whole truth on the subject. If it meets your appro¬ 
val, Messrs. Eds., you may give it a place, and if I 
get rapped over the knuckles, it will be some sat¬ 
isfaction to see how it is done. 
.Avon, N. Y,, Feb., 1857. 
farm hut has a maple grove on it 1 will endeavor 
to give the “modus operandi” pursued around 
here. In the first place, the sap-house is built at 
the foot of a hill, near water if possible. Itia best 
and cheapest iu the end, to build a good, solid, 
substantial frame building, and high enough to 
have a loft in the upper part to stow buckets in 
during the summer, fall and winter. The object 
of building it at the foot of the bill, is to save the 
labor of rolling the barrels of sap up to the top of 
the cistern. The cistern should stand on a plat¬ 
form high enough to bring the bottom of the cis¬ 
tern on a level with the top of the pan. On top 
of the hill should be a large trough, holding about 
four barrels, and this should he connected with the 
cistern by a small trough. By managing thus, all 
the band labor necessary is to roll the burreis to 
the large trough. 
On cleaning the buckets in the spring depends 
the quality of the sugar. The first thing to be 
doue is to tighten the hoops. If this is neglected, 
you will in the course of the spring waste consid¬ 
erable sap, aud lose many buckets. After tight¬ 
ening the hoops, the buckets should be put into 
the pan, wtiich should he full of boiling water, and 
after standing about five minutes, they should be 
taken out and washed thoroughly with a doth, 
which should be kept in a pail of soapsuds for 
that purpose. After scalding, if they arc going 
to stand any length of time, care should be taken 
to place them bottom side up, so that they will 
keep sweet and clean. Some farmers use elder 
for spiles, which they should never do. Elder 
gives the sugar a bad taste, and besides that, after 
beiagu year or two iu use they crack and waste 
considerable sap. 
Biit this communication is drawing out much 
longer than I intended, and I will close by saying 
that the whole secret of making white maple sugar 
consists iu keeping everything clean and sweet, 
and in not letting your sap or syrup stand any 
length of time. As to the cleansing of the syrup 
and the making of the sugar, I will leave that 
affair to the ladies, presuming that they can tell 
much better than I can what to do; and perhaps 
they might think that I was encroaching ou their 
rights if I said more. a. b. 
East Bloomfield, Feb. 13, 1857. 
There are some persons in every neighborhood 
who dislike steady boys. Frivolous aud trilling, 
they think themselves wise, and steady folks foolish. 
They speak derisively of a steady boy in his hear¬ 
ing—the boy feels the cutting reflection, and gets 
the impression that it isn't smart to lie steady.— 
But let us see, my young friends. ThcBO frivolous 
persons never become great ram. Our Presidents, 
our Governors and Senators, and all our great men, 
were steady boys. They were kept at work, or at 
study, till they learned to love it. They acquired 
steady habits that guided them in the pathway to 
knowledge, and supported them in the road to 
honor and fame. Our richest men were once poor 
hoys. They did not spend their time playing in 
the streets, or lounging in the shopB, trying to ap¬ 
pear smart. They were industrious und economi¬ 
cal. When a merchant wants a young clerk iu his 
store, he looks for a steady, industrious boy, that 
always speaks tho truth, and tries to do well and 
quickly whatever he is told to do. Some of the 
first Presidents and great men of the next century 
are now boys, steady, diligent, and attentive to 
their work or study, improving all their time.— 
Then do not fear, boys, being called steady. 
I’ortago, N. Y., Feb., 1850. Hkxrih. 
Dryden Ag. Society. — The readers of the 
Rural are not aware that we have a Town Agri¬ 
cultural Society formed iu Dryden. The subject 
of organizing a Society and holding a Fair, was 
not brought to the notice of the inhabitants until 
quite late iu the season, and whatever was done 
had to be done in a hurry. A suitable piece of 
ground was procured, ami rented for ten years, 
ami enclosed with a tight board fence, some six 
feet high. We held the first Fair in Dryden on the 
8th ami 9th days of October, and instead of being 
a Town Fair, it. nearly proved to be, in appearance, 
a State Fair, — so conceded by many who had at¬ 
tended State Pairs. The exhibition of stock at the 
Fair was a grand sight. We have perhaps some 
as good stock in this town as any other in the 
State. Joseph McGkaw, Jr., exhibited a Short¬ 
horn bull, one year old last spring, which he re¬ 
cently Bold to go to California, for $600. He also 
killed an Imported Leicester hog, which, when 
dressed, weighed 757 pounds. John P. Hart, one 
of tho Directors of our Town Fair, killed two hogs, 
one of which weighed 816 pounds; the other 738 
pounds. You will see by this, that we are not 
wanting in enterprise and material to make our 
Town Fairs interesting. 
We held our first Annual Meeting for choosing 
officers for the ensuing year on the 27th ult., at 
which meeting Smith Roukktson was chosen 
President, John Mjnbah, Vice-President, Otis E. 
Wood, Secretary, and David P. Goodhue, Treasu- 
urer. The days fixed upon for holding our next 
Fair was the 17th and 18th of September next.— 
A. F. Houpt, Dryden, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1857. 
J. H. Bennett. 
WHEAT AND CHESS, 
Mr. Moore:— In the Niagara river, some four 
miles above the celebrated Niagara Falls, and near 
the main shore, lays Cayuga Island. This is the 
residence of John Burdett, Esq. His great suc¬ 
cess in growing the peach and strawberry is well 
known. His “Crawford peaches,” and "Hovey’s 
strawberries,” for size and productiveness, have 
never been surpassed, if equalled, in the vicinity 
of Buffalo. However, it ia not particularly upou 
this subject that I am now about to write; although 
1 trust at some future time not far distant, some 
account of this “fruit plantation” maybe given 
to the public. But I am just now about to refer to 
another matter. Some two or three years ago, in 
passing through these grounds, I noticed a sort of 
guide-hoard sign in large letters: 
“THE WHEAT THAT TURNS TO CHESS.” 
“ Well,” says I, “ what does this mean?” •< I will 
.tell you,” says Mr. B. “One of my good neigh¬ 
bors—and a good farmer he is, too,—and myself 
have, for the past two or three years, been talking 
over that old vexed question, and he most stren¬ 
uously contends that wheat will turn to chess. I 
do not believe it. We have often argued the 
question, and be has cited many instances wherein 
he says he knows wheat has turned to chess. He 
stated that he once sowed a field of some two 
acres, and than more than one-fonrth of the whole 
of it turned to chess. He offered to lay a wager 
That he could prepare a quantity of wheat in Buch 
a way, and that he would plant the same in a low 
spot in my grounds where it would produce chess. 
I accepted of his proposition, and was anxious to 
SHADE TREES 
WnAT a pleasant sight to see trees growing by 
the wayside. As the traveler passes along in 
Bpring, his eye is soothed by tho tender foliage, 
and his ear charmed by the notes of the returned 
warblers resting in their brandies. With such a 
prospect before him, lie thanks God for spring and 
trees, and man for planting them. It will soon be 
time to set out trees for this year. Delay it no 
longer; do it this spring. Rally out boys, and 
line the wayside and surround your dwellings with 
shade trees. If you do no other act that will sur¬ 
vive after your “ earth-bouud ties are severed,” 
this will be remembered and looked upon with 
ieolitigs of gratitude. Your children will protect 
them, and the beautiful Hues of Morris will be re¬ 
called, aud tell the woodman to 
" pare that tree, 
Touch not a singlr hough, 
In youth it sheltered me, 
And I'll protect it now. 
It was my father's hand 
That placed it near his cot; 
Then woodman let it aland, 
Thy axe shall harm it not.” 
Rochester, Feb., 1857. R. S. G. 
Feeding Beks.—A correspondent of the Rural 
desires to know what is best to feed a swarm of 
Bees, that are short of honey, to keep them through 
the winter. I have found the following to answer. 
Secure the bees in a warm plaee (that is, where 
they will not he stiffened by the cold,) and place a 
saucer, or any other dish filled with strained 
honey, where the bees can have froe access to it. 
If kept warm enough they will often carry it to 
their combs.—F. B., Canoga, N. Y., 1857. 
Care oi Colts the First Winter. —There is 
danger of feeding too many oats. One quart a 
day, fed regularly, with a spoonful of ashes or 
hemlock leaves, or both occasionally, is sufficient 
with plenty of good hay and water enough, with 
room for exercise, and a good shelter to run under, 
when they please. Treated in this way, he will be 
hardy as an ox, and nimble as a fox. A. T., Ando¬ 
ver, Ohio. 
Chinese Sugar Cane. — A number of farmers 
in this town and vicinity, have pledged themselves 
to raise an acre or a half acre of the Chinese 
Sugar Cane, and to pay each his proportion of the 
expense of tho machinery necessary to'grind aud 
boil the products, to the end that the raising of 
the article In this region may be fully and satisfac¬ 
torily tested. Dr. Chaffee, Representative at Wash¬ 
ington, has pledged the seed necessary to plant 
eight acres. Tho object is a worthy one, and it is 
to lie hoped that the trial will be sufficiently 
thorough and extensive to be tho husia of future 
action .—Northampton {Mass.) Courier. 
Coarse Plaster. —I bought some plaster much 
of it was as coarse as gray sand; is such plaster 
as profitable os it would be ground fine? Can 
Borne one of our farmers who is posted upon this 
subject, give us any information upon it?— Alvin 
Wilcox, West Bloomfield, N. Y., Feb., 1867. 
Feed-Boxes. —The present winter I sawed from 
a large hollow bass-wood tree, a dozen or so rims, 
about eighteen or twenty inches high, to feed my 
stock, and I can assure you they answered the pur¬ 
pose to a charm. They are convenient, portatde 
and will last several years. Buy them, and save 
your fodder.—W. E. K, Wilson, N. Y. 
Millet.—M illet was much talked of a year or 
twO ago, and recommended for fodder and soiling. 
Have any of tho readers of the Rural experience 
in raising it ?—T. S., Orleans Co., N. Y. 
