MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
Other very pretty ornaments in the garden, are 
Rustic Flower Stands, Seats, Ac., made from the 
limbs of trees, unbarked We give an eugraving 
of a neat bower stand. In these may lie planted 
Mb. Moore: —Some readers of the Rural, per¬ 
haps, will like to read a line or two on the cultiva¬ 
tion of the above plant, and some may give an¬ 
other lesson on the same subject. The seed may 
be sown in the spring on dry, sandy loym, or any 
dry, light soil. The following spring the plants 
may be set ont in bills, one plant in a hill, about 
four feet apart in the row; the rows should be six 
feet apart. It you would have fine, or extra fine, 
pie-plant, and your soil is wet and grassy, first 
clear away all grass, and then raise a row or bank 
by carting fine rich loam from the woods. Mix 
coarse river sand and fine manure till you have 
the bank three feet in depth, and high enough to 
keep it dry. If the Boil is wet below, underdrain 
it. Remember the roots run deep and must not 
reach water or very wet and poor soil. It delights 
in a rich, deep, and dry soil, and if you dig a hole 
and fill it up with mannre, or other rich com¬ 
pound, in a clay garden, and then let the grass 
grow, your fruit will be poor sticks. Plenty of this 
description can he Been anywhere. Old roots may 
be dug op in the spring, (hut not in the fall,) and 
divided and set out as above. There are a great 
many kinds of rhubarb used as fruit in a green 
state; some very early and some quite late, and 
those that wish a succession should plant accor¬ 
dingly. A few hills of each will supply one fami- 
I ly. A Rhubarb Grower. 
Near Geneva, N. Y-, 1857. 
Tma is the best, time to prune fruit trees. For 
standard trees little is necessary beyond thinning 
out the small branches to admit light and air freely 
to all parts of the tree, and removing all straggling 
branches, and those that cross each other. In do¬ 
ing this aim as far as possible to obtain a hand¬ 
some, well-balanced head. Grapes and stone fruits 
should be pruned as early as the first of March, 
and we should prefer to prune grapes even earlier 
than this. 
As this is a time of leisure, tho trunks of the 
trees in the orchard should bo examined, and any 
that are mosky should be scraped; and it would 
be well to give all a good scrubbing with a brush 
and soft soap. If the ground is thawed, all suck¬ 
ers that appear around the roots of the trees can 
he removed; and all shoots on the trunks should 
ho carefully cut away. 
Dwarf Trees should now receive thorough prun¬ 
ing. It is useless to try to cultivate fruit on dwarf 
trees without the most thorough pruning and ma¬ 
nuring. Certainly ono half of last year’s growth 
should be cut away, and this should he done un- 
derstandingly. There should ho design in every 
cut. We have not space to discuss this matter at 
present. 
Hot-Beds should now be started, if the weather 
is favorable, if designed for growing Cucumbers 
or Melons. If intended only to raise plants for 
the open ground, the middle of March will be 
time enough. 
GOTHIC ARBOR. 
Verbenas, or the Porlulacca, a beautiful annual that 
will bear almost any treatment. If placed on the 
lawn, near the house, the effect is very beautifuL 
Skinless. 
Madelaine. 
Doyenne d 1 Ete. 
EARLY SUMMER PEARS 
ish yellow, with a few small reddish dots on the 
sunny side. Flesh white, melting, jnicy, sprightly 
and fine flavored. Ripens here from 1st to 10th of 
August. Tree a vigorous and rapid grower both 
on pear and quince. Shoots long, dark olive.— 
Leaves large, gloBsy, dark, slightly waved on the 
edges. Bears young and abundantly. Like the 
Doyenne d? Ete, although possessing great natural 
vigor, it bears so profusely on the quince that it 
requires close pruning to sustain its vigor. 
Skinless —( Sanspeau.) Fruit medium size, pyri¬ 
form, largest near the base, but slightly contracted 
at the eye. Stalk long and slender, with a fleshy 
projection at the base. Calyx closed, and set in a 
shallow, furrowed basis. .SVnntbin, smooth, green¬ 
ish yellow; cheek brown, with reddish dots.— 
Flesh half melting, sweet, delicate, and finely 
flavored. Does not last long. Tree an upright, 
free grower, with slender, reddish brown shoots, 
and flat, glossy, wavy leaves, on long, slender foot¬ 
stalks. Bears regular and abundantcrops, and fruit 
always fair. Ripens here about the 1st of August 
We give this week, according to promise, three 
more Early Summer Pears. The two first. Doyenne 
cP Ete and Madelaine, have both been recommended 
by the American Pomological Society, as worthy 
of general cultivation. 
Doyenne d’ Ete —(Summer Doyenne.) —Beauti¬ 
ful, melting, juicy, and delicious. Ripens better 
on the tree than any other variety we know of, bat 
is richer, if picked a few days before maturity.— 
The tree is vigorous and handsome, bearing regu¬ 
lar and most abundant crops. It ripens here 
about the middle of July, and is in season about, 
twenty days. It is one of those varieties that suc¬ 
ceed particularly well on the quince; but is so pro¬ 
lific, that unless pretty closely pruned every year, 
it will soon become enfeebled. 
Madelaine —Citron des Cannes. —Thi3 is one of 
the best known aud most generally cultivated of 
all our early pears. Fruit medium size, quite uni¬ 
form. Stalk varying from one to two inches long, 
moderately stout. Calyx small, closed, in a shal¬ 
low, somewhat wrinkled basin. Skin pale green- 
Prospects of Fruit in Iowa. —A subscriber 
writing from Keokuk, Iowa, Feb. 10th, says:—“ A3 
yet our fruit trees have received no injury from 
the cold this winter, and unless the early warm 
weather should cause the buds to 3wellpremature¬ 
ly we may expect a fruitful season.” 
GARDEN ORNAMENTS. 
We often see the effect of the most beautiful 
climbing shrubs and vines entirely destroyed by 
ostentatious, ill-contrivcd supports or trellises.— 
The more simple these can be made tho better. 
They may be neat and tasteful, of course, but all 
useless carving and costly carpenter’s work is en¬ 
tirely out of place. The plant itself must be the 
principal feature, and its beauty must be increased 
by good cultivation and training—by the gardener, 
and not by the carpenter. 
LIQUID QUARTZ —NEW DISCOVERT, 
rustic flower stand. 
The aim should always be to unite beauty, sim¬ 
plicity and utility. Costly vases and fine statuary, 
solely for ornament, we know, are admissible in 
highly kept gardens, but we have few in this 
country where they would be appropriate. 
When a tree becomes overrun, so as to dwindle and 
not afford a copious supply of nourishment, the 
number of eggs is reduced. 
“In a late number of the Michigan Farmer (vol. 
13, p. 82,) A. G. Hanford gives a very favorable ac¬ 
count of the effects of tar and linseed oil, beat 
together and applied warm with a paint brush 
thoroughly, before the buds begin to expand in 
the spring. This, when dry, cracks and peels off, 
bringing ofi' the dead scales with it. Trees which 
were thus treated grew from two to two and a half 
feet last Butumer, which had advanced only a few 
The remedy to which 
son they were covered with blotches and cracks, 
from the ground to the limbs: but they grew finely, 
and in the course of two or three years the bark 
became smooth and green again. Now I am satis¬ 
fied that the ashes killed the trees In consequence 
of coming in contact with the bark. If you can 
account for it in any other way please do so. The 
trees were all of the Roxbury Russet variety. —P. 
Bowen, East Aurora, N. Y. 
Remarks. —The ashes, no doubt, killed your 
trees. It will not do to let ashes come in contact 
with the bark. Ashes should be spread thinly and 
evenly on the surface. A bushel is a large dres¬ 
sing for a young tree. It is on light, sandy land 
that the greatest benefit is derived from the use of 
ashes. 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE TREE. 
inches in previous years. 
Esq, Kimball, of Kenosha, resorts, is probably one 
of the most efficacious, and as convenient as any; 
he boils leaf tobacco in strong lye :ill it is reduced 
to an impalpable pulp, which it will be in a short 
time, and mixes with it soft soap, (which has been | 
made cold; not the jelly-like soft soap,) to make 
the mass abont the consistence of thin paint, the 
object being to obtain a preparation that will not 
be entirely washed from the tree by the first rains 
which occur, us lye, tobacco water and most other 
washes are sure to bo. The fibres of the tobacco 
diffused through this preparation, cause a portion 
of its strength to remain wherever it is applied 
longer than any application which is wholly solu¬ 
ble in rain water can do. He first trims the trees 
well, so that every twig can be reached with tho 
paint brash, aud applies this preparation before 
the bnds have much swelled in tho spring. Two 
men, strictly charged to take their time, and be 
sure that they painted the whole of the bark to the 
end of every twig, were occupied a foitnight last 
spring in going over his hundred and fifty young 
trees. When I saw his trees, the latter part of 
September, this composition was still plainly to be 
seen upon the rough bark of their trunks and upon 
the under sides of their limbs, resembling a whit¬ 
ish mouldiness of the bark. The trees had grown 
very thriftily, and yielded well, whilst only a single 
scale could here and there be found upon the 
twigs of the present year's growth, all the older 
parts being entirely free from them. Although 
trees perishing with lice were standing in the ad¬ 
jacent yards and gardens, it seemed these insects 
preferred starvation at home rather than being 
poisoned by invading these trees, heneo it appears 
that one thorough application of this preparation 
is sufficient to destroy all the insects upon the 
trees, and to protect them from invasion of neigh¬ 
boring trees for a period of two years; for free as 
the trees were from these insects in September, 
there can be no call for a renewal of this compo¬ 
sition upon them the coming spring.” 
Our correspondent charges altogether too much 
to this insect It does not eat the leaves or the 
blossom. This must be another insect—a “ cater - 
|)illar ,, of some kiud. If we knew its size, col r, 
and somewhat of its habits, we might be able to 
tell what it is, and advise some plan to destroy it 
To Destroy Squash Bugs.— Eds. Rural: — I 
noticed an article in your paper of last week, from 
a subscriber, requesting a remedy for the attacks 
of bugs on squash vines. As I have been quite 
successful for two or three years past, in raising 
very good crops, I will give you my experience.— 
I have often tried to rid my vines of them in vari¬ 
ous ways, and have never been as successful in any 
way, as by going over my patch every morning, 
for a few days, and killing them with my hands.— 
They can ali be found by turning up the leaves. 
This will soon clear them out, with less than half 
the trouble, and not any of the expense with which 
it is otherwise conducted. The same can be ap¬ 
plied to all kinds of vines. Black bugs are easily 
killed by giving their heads a little snap. This 
mode of extermination may, by some, he consid¬ 
ered absurd, but if they once try it they will 
, change their minds.—S. S. B., Brighton, Monroe 
I Co., N. Y. 
ior a uouse, auu mere tney remain lor a Bhort 
time, then disappear. I have found insects that I 
thought came from these worms, but I was not 
sure. When I put the worms under glass they d ie. 
I see this worm on the plum, cherry, and quince 
trees, but none of their eggs. 
I have seen in your columns cures, or rather 
modes, of killing many kinds of worms and in¬ 
sects, but none that would hit this pest. If you 
will be bo kind as to tell me what will kill them, 
you will save a tree aud destroy a multitude of 
worms. Mrs, *. *. * * * *, 
Buffalo, Feb., 1867. 
Remarks, —Enclosed in the above communica¬ 
tion we found a piece of apple bark covered with 
the Apple Bark-louse. We give an engraving of 
a small piece of apple shoot, on which may be I 
BS see^ this insect in the form of minute 
scales, resembling an oyster or muscle 
shell, and adhering to the surface of the 
bark. This engraving was not taken from 
the specimen sent us by our lady corres¬ 
pondent, but from drawings by Dr. Fitch, 
I as answering our purpose better. This in¬ 
sect is undoubtedly doing more mischief 
to the apple orchards of the country than 
any other destructive insect. On the bor¬ 
ders of Luke Michigan it is so numerous as to 
threaten tho destruction of whole orchards. In 
Kenosha, Wisconsin, efforts were made to organize 
a Society to raise a fund with which to encourage 
experiments, and reward the person who discover¬ 
ed the best remedy. 
We give the following description of the habits 
of the insect with the remedies, from Dr. Fitch's 
Noxious Insects of New York: 
“ The. Apple Bark-louse is about one-eighth of an 
inch long, of an irregular ovoid form, often beut 
in its middle, and more or less curved at its small¬ 
er end, which is pointed, the opposite eml being 
rounded. It is of a brown color, of much the 
same tint with the bark, its smaller eud being paler 
and yellow. It closely resembles an exceedingly 
minute oyster shell pressed against the bark—a 
similitude so striking as to be readily perceived 
by every one, and is frequently designated in com¬ 
mon conversation under the uame of the Oyster¬ 
shaped Bark-louse. The shells or scales are situa¬ 
ted irregularly, though the moat of them are placed 
lengthwise of the limb or twig, with the smaller 
end upwards. These scales are the relies of tho 
bodies of the gravid females, covering and pro¬ 
tecting their eggs. Duiing the winter and spring 
these eggs may be found on elevating the scales. 
The number of eggs under each scale is very va¬ 
riable. Several which I have counted, have shown 
the following numbers—13, 22, 36, 54, 58, 71,80, 
102. 1 have uniformly found a greater number of 
eggs where the scales were upon a thrifty tree.— 
The engraving shows two plans; one designed 
more particularly for climbing roses and shrubs— 
tho other, is simply a young pine tree, with the 
limbs shortened, placed in the ground, to which 
wire or cord is attached in a very simple tuanne^ 
and makes a good support for climbing vines, annu¬ 
als, Ac. The engraving showsso plainly the manner 
of construction, that no particular description will 
be necessary. Of coarse, the height, Ac., must be 
regulated by the kind of plants to be supported. 
Arbors, Seats and Covered Walks, may not only 
be mado beautifnl ornaments to the garden, but 
most convenient shaded resting places, where 
those who wish to enjoy the beauties of the gar¬ 
den in the heat of the day, may find a cool retreat, 
and at all times, a delightful resting place. No¬ 
thing is more useful 3nd beautiful in covering such 
arbors or walks than our hardy grapes. There is 
a beauty and poetry about the vine that we all 
appreciate—all love. There is music in the “ vine 
clad hill?,'’ — it touches a chord in every soul. A 
vine when covering or forming an arbor, how¬ 
ever, must not be neglected, aud allowed to run 
wild, or it becomes a gloomy, damp and forsaken 
place. Tho vino must bo kept closely pruned, so 
as to admit light and air, and then tho retreat 
while it is cool, will be light and cheerful. We 
give an engraving of a vine-covered arbor, sucb 
as is often seen in Germauy and France. 
Chestnuts for the Prairies. — I would like to 
ask of the readers of the Rural if any one has 
ever tried growing Chestnuts on our prairie land ? 
If it can be done I think it would be more proflt- 
Saving Trees Girdled by Mice.—O n the 9th 
of June last, my neighbor J. J. Green, came to 
me and wished me to doctor some apple trees that 
had been girdled by the mice in the winter pre¬ 
vious. I told him it was too late, but he said he 
guessed not, t'or he had kept them moist with old 
rugs. T went, and found when the cloths were re¬ 
moved, a new bark covering all the wound. I 
asked him what lie had put on the rags. He said 
he took equal parts of garden mould and cow ma¬ 
nure, made a mortar, and applied this as soon as 
the snow left. Ilia trees are now sound, and have 
grown well the past summer. — N. 0. Boswoth, 
Smithvilte, A. Y., Feb,, 1857. 
Mr. Editor: — I notice iu the 1st Rural a re¬ 
commendation of leached ashes !or fruit trees. In 
the fall of 1850 I applied learned ashes to fifty 
apple trees, that liad been ->ct out one year, at the 
rate of about ono bushel to each tree, thiown from 
the wagon about the tree. The next spring l 
spread the ashes, cultivated the grouud and plant¬ 
ed with potatoes. Now for the result. The mos; 
of the trees the following season made but a feeble 
growth, and I noticed towards full, on the sides of 
some of them, the bark was shriveled aud dead, 
from two to six inches iu height. 
The next season many of them died, and were 
completely rotten where the bark was dead; and 
they have continued to die from year to year until 
last fall, when there were nine trees, out of the 
fifty first set out, left. Those that are left are vig¬ 
orous bearing trees, and all that died sent up 
strong shoots from the roots. At the same time I 
applied ashes to twenty pear trees. The next sea 
TINE COVERED ARBOR. 
The native Ivy, Honeysuckles, Climbing Roses, 
the Hop Plant, and many other running vines may 
be used for this purpose. 
Wo give also, a very pretty Gothic Rustic Arbor, 
This would be very pretty for a garden, where the 
house was iu the Gothic style of architecture, es¬ 
pecially if it was so situated that it could be seen 
from the house. The lower part is of stone, and 
the superstructure of timber with the bark on.— 
Tim roof may bo covered with bark. The floor 
may be covered with pebbles, and considerable 
taste be displayed iu forming gothic patterns of 
these colored stones. Timbers might bo substi¬ 
tuted for the stone work, to suit the fancy of the 
builder. 
Iced Trees. —On the 19th of February we had 
here a cold rain storm, the ice forming on the trees, 
to such an extent, as to injure them very seriously. 
5% found the ice on the smallest shoots of peafch 
trees more than an inch in diameter. The stoutest 
trees bent under this extraordinary weight, the 
Lombardy Poplars appearing like weeping willows. 
The trees remained covered with ice forty-eight 
hours. Fortunately there was no wind or the in¬ 
jury would have been more serious. The weather 
is now, (February 24th,) mild and spring-like. 
A single female house fly prodaces iu one sea 
son, 20,080,820. 
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