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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
APRIL 4. 
Ill 
frdmrti anti fe&fii. 
the VEGETABLE GARDEN.-No. IV. 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. —NO. IV. 
ASPARAGUS. 
After the early cabbage and other seed is sown 
for transplanting, and the lettuce and radishes, and 
such things started, attention must be given to 
planting Asparagus, Rlrubnrh, Ac.. 
In planting an asparagus lied, it is the better 
way, if possible, to procure the plants of a nursery¬ 
man. Two-year-old plauis can be obtained for 
about two dollars per hundred, and a crop will be 
grown t wo years sooner than if the seed was sown. 
The best, variety is the Purple-Top, which is the 
purplish looking variety commonly seen in our 
markets. Rome suppose there is a larger variety, 
resembling this in everything but its size, while 
others think it. is only good cultivation that 
mates the difference. Wo have seen that raised 
from what was called giant seed made very dwarf 
isli by poor culture. To raise plants, the seed must 
be sown early in spring, in drills, an inch rr so 
depth, and the rows eighteen apart. The best 
g-uund fur the. seed, is a light, rich, loamy soil.— 
As soon as the plants are up, the ground must be 
well worked. 
Asparagus may be grown in almost any soil, if 
well drained, yet the most suitable is a light, det d 
sandy loath. This should he dug deeply, about 
two feet, and plenty of manure incorporated with 
the soil. A piece of ground fifteen feet by twenty, 
will produce enough for almost any family. This 
should be divided into three beds, four feet wide, 
leaving an alley 18 inches wide, between each bed, 
and making three beds four feet wide and twenty 
feet long. Two such beds will be ample for 
email family. At this sts%e it would bo well to 
sow on tire beds about half an inch of salt and 
rake it, in. The Asparagus is naturally a marine 
plant, and is very fond of salt. Now draw a line 
lengthwise along one of the beds, nine inches 
from the edge, and cut a trench on the outside of 
the line, six inches deep, and in this trench set the 
plants, nine or t n inches apart, and so deep that 
when the trench is covered, the crowns of the 
plants will be about two inches below the surface 
of the I ol. As the plants are put in, draw a little 
e irih over them, so as to secure them in their 
] 1 ices. Having finished one row, cover them and 
rake off evenly, and proceed 1,o make another fur¬ 
row one foot from the lirst, and plant as before.— 
This plan will give four rows to the bed. The beds 
will require no care the first summer, but simply 
to destroy the weeds, and this must be done care¬ 
fully, so as not to injury the plants. If salt was 
sown pretty freely before planting the weeds will 
nut. he troublesome; if not, salt can be sown over 
the beds any time during the snmmer. Enough 
salt to Rill every weed will be only a nice relish to 
the Asparagus. In Noveml er cover the beds with 
three inches of rotted manure. In the spring this 
may be lighily dug in with a fork, care being had 
not to go deep enough to injure the crowns. 
The second spring if the cultivator is very anx¬ 
ious lor Asparagus, the strongest can he cut, tho' 
most gardeners recommend leaving them untouch¬ 
ed until the third year. Wc should not hesitate, 
ho we vi r. to cut moderately the second season, if 
we had no other way to get this delicious vegetable. 
A1 the care the beds will require after this, is t) 
cut down the old stalks, pull up the weeds, and 
cover with manure every fall, which should he 
forked in in the spring. After the manure is fork¬ 
ed in, rukc nil loose stones, rough manure, Ac., in¬ 
to the alleys. (live every season, in the spring, a 
dressing of salt. 
A correspondent inquires how long an Aspara¬ 
gus bed, if properly treated, will keep in good con¬ 
dition. We have seen them fourteen or fifteen 
y ara old, producing bountifully. It should be 
cut c o*e to the ground, before the head becomes 
loose, and will generally be about six inches high. 
Witii this number we conclude our description 
of Annuals, having given fifteen of the best varie¬ 
ties, which will probably be as many as most of 
our readers will desire to cultivate. It is better to 
cultivate one variety well than a hundred poorly. 
Many a florist has gained a world-wide reputation 
by making a speciality, or a hobby if you please, oi 
a single flower. The thorough and perfect culti¬ 
vation of the Balsam, or the Aster, or Die Ten- 
week stock,—growing specimens so fine as to sur¬ 
prise yourself, and cause passers-by to stop and 
admire, and beg a few seed, although they have ibe 
some trying to grow in tin ir own shabby gardens 
—specimens that would be admired in a Horticul¬ 
tural Show in London or Paris, will afford more 
pleasure than acres of neglected flowers and suffer¬ 
ing shrubs. 
shade, from purple to a delicate azure blue. We 
have also growu them white and stiiped. 
We are anxious to give information on other 
matters pertaining to the flower garden, in season 
for planling, and therefore conclude this series on 
the Annual, but shall refer to this subject again, ns 
tbe wants of our readers may seem to demand, or 
our space permit. 
PEABODY’S STRAWBERRY. 
- 
your paper of March 7th tbe inquiries of a young 
farmer, wishing to know how to save his plum 
treesfrom the black knot. Your answer is correct 
He must cut the limbB off until tbe wood is per¬ 
fect, or they will appear again, or he may graft 
them with the apricot, which will thrive well. 
Canogi, Seneca Co„ N. Y., March, 1857. K. S. W. 
gkjjanif Ms, &c. 
JONES’ PLANIMETER. 
8 ALPIGLOSSIS. 
The Salftglossis, of which we give an engrav¬ 
ing, bears a very strong resemblance to the Petunia. 
There are many varieties, ditleiing only in color. 
They are funnel shaped, like the Petunia, but not 
so broad. We once grew a bed of them, in which 
we counted over a huudred varieties, and they 
were very much admired by the lovers of flowers. 
The late James H. Watts, who was a true lover of 
the beautiful, often called to see them, bringing 
friends, and declared this bed of the Salpiglossis 
to be the most beautiful floral exhibition he had 
ever seen. We generally sow them about the first 
of May, and early in duly they are in full bloom. 
We find them to flourish best on a light dry soil. 
This flower is a native of Chili. It was first intro¬ 
duced into Europe iu 1824. 
The Rocket Larxspcr has been a great favor¬ 
ite for more than two centuries. It, is of a com¬ 
pact babit of growth, and its flowers are set thick¬ 
ly around a stem, forming a fine spike ot bloom 
It. requires a rich soil to grow to perfection, and 
there are few plants that will better repay good 
culture. The seed should be sown in drills, where 
the plants are inteude.d to blossom, ub they will not 
bear transplanting. From their compact ha'>it of 
growth, they require but little room, and may 
grow within two or three inches of each other, 
nod produce the btst effect when grown in rna-ses. 
Tub Petunia is one of the chief ornaments of 
the garden. It is a native of South America. The 
white variety was discovered in 182.1, and the pur¬ 
ple in 1830. By hybridization, and care in select¬ 
ing seed from tbe best plants only, a great number 
of'good sorts have been raised, far surpassing the 
original in size and beauty. These are propagated 
by cuttings and disseminated over the country, 
and make one of our most, useful bedding plants. 
We shall speak of the Petunia again in an article 
on tbe subject of Bedding Plants. Those who 
glow them as annuals should be careful to save 
seeds from only tbe best blossoms, and it would be 
well to remove all tbe poorer flowers from tbe bed 
as fast as they come into bloom and show their 
character. 
For nearly a year past Mr. Peabody of Georgia, 
has been circulating colored drawings of what, he 
calls "a new Seedling Hautbois Strawberry ,” a cross 
11 between the Ross' Phoenix and a wild Strawberry 
of Alabama.” Circulars have also been sent, over 
flic country without limit, describing the excel¬ 
lencies of this fruit in the most captivating terms. 
The agricultural journals have nearly all publish¬ 
ed Mr. Peabody's circulars and puffs without 
question or oommetit., save to add a word or two 
by way of exciting, still farther, public expecta¬ 
tion regarding this new and wonderful strawberry. 
Now. Mr. Editor, after having read and examined 
critically Mr. Peabody's drawings ftnd descrip¬ 
tions of this fruit, I have arrived at the no elusion 
that it. is merely a Hautbois Strawberry from 
seed, such as we have here in all the gardens, and 
such as can always ho bought for one or two dol 
lars per 100. I do not believe that Mr. P. nor any 
one else has obtained a cross between the two dis¬ 
tinct classes of strawberries represented by tbe 
Ross’ Plicenix and the Hautbois. It was rumored 
a few yearB ago that some one had obtained a 
cross between a Pine and an Alpine strawberry, 
and produced thus a large perpetual bearer, but 
up to this time, it has remained a lumoronlyas 
far as I know. 
Yon remember, Mr. Editor, how Mr. Pardee got 
us all excited over the Crescent Seedling from New 
Orleans, and what an utterly worthless thing it 
This should he a caution 
Inquiries nnij gmstotrs. 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE TREE. 
Mr. Editor: — I verily thought the worms I 
spoke of, came from the eggs that are under those 
scales, but if that is not the case, I think the eggs 
must be deposited in the buds; this is what I 
thought belore I discovered the scales on the 
branches. I may not give a very accurate discre¬ 
tion of this wown, for it is sometime since I saw 
one, but the reward you offer is enough to induce 
me to make the trial. 
I thick they are first seen when the leaves begin 
to open, they nre then so small that you could not 
tell how they look, except, that they are of a dark 
color, but when seen through a glass they appear 
like an ugly caterpillar covered with dark hair, 
but as they increase in size they become lighter 
colored and appear to lose their l air, but of this 
I am not sure, as I never examined them with a 
gl8ss, except when they were small. Their size 
when full grown, is near that of the apple worm, 
but rather more plump and soft, lieiug very easily 
crushed. I think the last they eat is the flower, 
for after the flowers are gone they are found 
wrapped in the leaves, with just web enough to hold 
the leaf together, in this state they remain for a 
short time, then disappear. 
I see from what you say, that this tree and I, 
have two legions to contend with instead of one; 
but we shall surely gain the day, if you will be so 
kind as to tell me what weapons to use, 
Tms is an ingenious and valuable instrument for 
which letters patent have recently been issued to 
James Jones, Esq-, of this city. It is designed to 
measure lumber, walls, ships tonnageand all plane 
surfaces, and is a very simple and perfect apparatus’. 
I wish BulTilo, March, 1867 
Mib. •. ♦. 
proved to be. ....... 
to call especial attention to Mr. Peabody’s mode We cannot, from the description furnished us 
of selling plants. He sayB : give the name of this insect Its habits are some- 
“ I will be prepared to send the plants out when- thing like the common apple-tree caterpillrtr, whose 
ever tho following terms are complied with. Not nests are so often seen in ihe crotches of apple 
a plant of this variety has ever left my grounds, trees, and as soon as seen should be destroyed, 
nor ever will, until the proposition below is sub- But this insect does not fold itself in a Leaf, 
scribed to. I propose to get one thousand sub- The American Vaporer Mot 'i prodmes a slender 
Boriptions at $5 per dozen plants throughout the caterpillar with pale yellow hairs and tufts and 
whole country.” 
black pencils, its head and two small protuber- 
In plain English, Mr. P. resolves upon pocketing axxce& on the hind part of the back, bright coral 
$5,000 bard cash before a single individual in this re d. They eat irregular notches in the margin of | 
country can have the privilege of testing his straw- t iie l aves, and when numerous, consume the whole 
berry to know whether it be of any value or not! leaf, leaving nothing but the mid-vein. These in¬ 
i’ ry 
This is quite cool for a gentleman of the sunny 
Ronth. Why did he not bring it before Horticul¬ 
tural Societies as the Messrs. Hovey, Mr. Walker, 
Mr. Fay. Mr. Hooker, McAvoy and various other 
originatorsof seedling 9trawberries,so that compe¬ 
tent. and disinterested judges might examine and 
report upon the merits of this fruit? My opinion 
is that, this course would have suggested itself at 
once to every fair man — and I think that any at¬ 
tempt to foist a new fruit upon the public without 
having had it first put to a fair test should not be 
encouraged. 
I am not one of these who would oppose any 
obstacle to the introduction and dissemination of 
new fruits after their merits have been established 
beyond a question by proper means, but I think it 
nothing short of a duty to oppose such a plan of 
introduction as this of Mr. Peabody's. It looks, 
to Hay the least, suspicious. A Fruit Grower. 
GROWING PLUMS ON SANDY SOIL. 
sects form tbeir cocoon on the leaf, which they fast¬ 
en to the limb by threads of their own spinning. 
The Palmer Worm is a pale yellowish green 
worm, having a dusky or blackish stripe along 
each side of the back, with a narr wish whitish 
stripe on ils upper side, and a dusky line in tbe 
middle, and a shiniDg yellow head, of the color of 
beeswax. It resides in tbe leaves which it has 
partly eateD, drawn together with silken threads, 
and when jarred, dropping and hanging in the air 
suspended by a thread. It makea its appearance 
in tho latter part of June. Fitch recommends 
that the trees infested with them, be jarred, which 
will cause the worms to hang suspended by a 
thread. Then smear an old tin pan, (or a broom 
would answer,) with tar or some other adhesive 
substance, and swing it around under tbe tree, thus 
catching the worms as they hang suspended. 
THE NORTHERN MUSCADINE GRAPE. 
We have before us a communication from the 
Shakers, complaining of the character given 
to this grape by the members of the American Pu- 
tnological Society. We all know that the Pomolo- 
gists of this country are as eager to liuut up 
and propagate new and promising fruit, as the 
miser llio golden dollar—as indefatigable on the 
track as a dog on ttc scent of the deer. It is sin¬ 
gular, then, that they should permit a grape, at 
least equal to any other, to hear fruit for fifteen 
years, and to he advertised and sold, without even 
tasting nr seeing it. Interest we know will warp 
the judgment, and may corrupt the taste. Wo give 
the communication : 
Much Esteemed Friend Moore: —Observing 
an account in your most valuable paper of March 
7th, Stating the decision of the Homological So¬ 
ciety ot your city on the merits of the Muscadine 
Grape with others, it is very evident to all of us 
who have raised the Muscadine in preference to 
all other kinds for fifteen years past, that the hon¬ 
orable Society, through some mistake, decided ou 
some oilier variety of grape altogether; for it is 
self-evident th.it they had never seen or tasted the 
fruit of the genuine Muacadiim Grape, as raised in 
the gardens of the New Lebanon Shakers. We 
all place loo much confidence, both in the Editor 
of the IUtraj, and the men composing the Romo- 
logic. 1 Society, to think for a moment that they 
would meaningly, on any account, so mislead tho 
public mind, and their own judgment also, had 
they ever sccu or tasted the genuine fruit. Will 
you please have the goodness to give this note an 
insertion iu your paper. J. Lewis. 
P. Stewarts. 
New Lebanon, March 17, 1857. 
Honor to whom Honor is Due. — We have re¬ 
ceived a note from Mrs. McKay, of Naples, claim¬ 
ing that the method of gathering and packing 
grapes recommended by Mr. Ainsworth iu the 
IUtual, is “/>«■< uliarly our own,” aud that the celeb¬ 
rity of McKay's Grapes is very much owing to this 
method of putting up. Every fall, lor several 
years past, Mrs. McKay has very kiudly presented 
us with a box of grapes, put up as recommended 
by Mr. Ainsworth. Wc have uo doubt but tbe 
plan originated with Sirs. M., nor do we think Mr. 
A ins worth designed to clumi uny credit himself 
on the score of discovery. 
NEMOrtltLA MACULATA. 
The Nemopiiila Maculata is a pretty little 
flower, a native oi California. The form and size 
or the flower is shown in the engraving. They 
grow from the axils singly, on stalks longer than 
the leaves, and are whitish in their ground color, 
with each lobe of the corolla tipped with a large, 
deep violet mark, which gives the flower a peculiar 
and striking appearance. It blossoms quite freely. 
There is another variety, X hmgnis, a little smaller' 
and of a very pretty light blue color, well worthy 
of cultivation. 
Convolvulus. The Conv /cuius Major, or 
Morning Gloty, is too well known to need a de¬ 
scription, ns it is one of our most common, as well 
as the most beautiful and easily cultivated oi our 
climbing animals. It makes an excellent covering 
lor porches, arbors, or unsightly out-buiLlings.— 
The seed should be sown in a shallow drill, aud 
covered Ughtly,oud the plants should bcaboutone 
inch apart. They love a dry situation, nud a rath¬ 
er light, rich soli, but will grow in almost any sit¬ 
uation. If sown early in tho spring, they will 
bloom in July. 
The Convolvulus Minor, or dwarf convolvulus, 
is a pretty dwarf variety, with three distinct colors, 
blue, yellow and white, the blue being of ev.ry 
Mr. Editor:— I read iu your valuable paper the 
inquiry if Plum Trees grow and thrive well on 
sandy soil. Having had considerable experience 
in the cultivation of the plum, its habits, and the 
soil which is the most congenial for its giowth 
aud productiveness, I will give you my expeii-nce. 
As the peach crop is becoming more aud more 
uncertain, owing to the seventies of our winters, 
and plums being perfectly hardy, easy to raise,and 
many of the varieties neatly equal to the peach, 
cither for desert or to eat out of hand, l think it 
would be well for fruit growers to turn their at ten 
tion more to the cultivation of this choice fruit.— 
If properly managed, the plum is a great bearer 
aud commands a high price in market. They sol 
for four dollars a bushel in Seneca Fulls last season. 
Seven years ago they would scarcely command 
one dollar. This is owing to the scarcity of fruit, 
as most ot the tr-es have perished by the disease 
generally known us the black knot, which h is dis¬ 
couraged many from cultivating them. This dis¬ 
ease is easily prevented, if taken in time. From 
the first of May until the first of July it will be 
necessary to examiue the trees, when will be per 
ceived on some of the twigs the crescent begin 
ning to form, by swelling t» an unusualsize. When 
you see this, you must cut the twig off below the 
crescent, and if, on examining the limb, you still 
find a brown or black spot in or near the heart, you 
must take off another piece until the wood louks 
natural. Burn what you cut off; you will thereby 
destroy the nngot, or larval, which, if left to inn 
ture, will form a whi'e grub that will drop in the 
ground and 1 ry dormant till spring, when it will 
appear in the form of a small beetle, and com¬ 
mence its ravages. If you find a crescent on a 
large limb, that it cut off would injure your tree 
in appearance, you mry save it by cutting the 
crescent out with a knife, until the limb is free 
from the infection. Then salve it over with graft¬ 
ing wax, and it will soou heal over. 
This disease is beginning to make its appearance 
on the Morello cherry in Onondaga Couuty. In 
the south-east part of Cayuga County the trees are 
mostly dead. They should be treated like tbe plum. 
The plum will grow much faster in light soil 
than in heavy, but seldom ever beats as well.— 
Clay soil seems to be the best adapted to their 
bearing. Those who h ive sandy soil n ight grow 
a few choice varieties by digging a hole six feet 
square and four feet deep, and filling it with clay 
soil. Then by throwing their soap-suds around 
the trees, they will he amply paid t'ortheir trouble 
by u fine crop of plums. I save all the soap-suds 
and apply It to my plums trees, and l have not 
missed a crop in twenty years. Readies will be a 
light crop along the west bank of Cayuga Lake 
this season, ns there Is not more than one bud in 
forty-five where the germ of the peach is healthy. 
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As shown in the accompanying engraving, A 
represents the disc or traveling wheel, which, roll- 
2he Apple Shoulder Striped Tortrix, is a rather ed across the board or surface measured, commu- 
. - _.*• twe-raU nf tllA PIPPnlAl 
thick cylindrical light green worm, an inch long 
with line white linos and numerous white dots.— 
It eats irregular notches in the margin, and holes 
in the middle of the leaves, in June and Septem¬ 
ber, beginning to appear the last of May. This 
worm selecis a thrifty leaf and bends one halt of 
it into a convex form, by attaching a fine silken 
thread, which it spins from its month, first to tbeout- 
eredge of tbe leaf,andthentoorbeyoud the middle 
vein, drawing each successive thread, as it fastens 
its end. It thus gradually curves the leaf until it 
forms a hollow cavity of sufficient depth to receive 
its body under the threads. It then crawls into 
this cavity aud continues to spin its threads, cross¬ 
ing them in every direction, until it has wholly 
shut itself in beneath the paper, like tissue, which 
it weaves. 
Having thus briefly described the principal in¬ 
sects feeding ou the apple leaf, we hope our cor¬ 
respondent will be able to identify the insect she 
finds so troublesome. If not, catch a few and send 
us in the spring, and if we are unable to give them 
a family name, we wilt send them to Dr. Fitch. 
nicates motion to the roller inside of the circular 
box, which acts noon the hands on the dials ad¬ 
justed to mark quantities—units, tens, hundreds 
and thousands, as a gas meter records Die con¬ 
sumption of gas. Upon the dial plate, B, are fig¬ 
ures to represent tbe length of tbe hoard or surface 
to he measured, which iu using is to he brought 
under the pointer or regulator, shown at letter C. 
After being in use for any required time the whole 
operation is secured by the use of the slide, D, which 
throwing the whole out of gear, retains the meas¬ 
urement until it has been satisfactorily registered. 
The instrument is compact, durable,and efficient 
and must at once attract tbe attention of those 
engaged in lumbering or any other business where 
the speedy and correct measurement of superfices 
is Die object desired. Col. James T. Griffin has 
become jointly interested with Mr. Jones in the 
proprietorship and manufacture of the Rlanimeter, 
thus affording an additional guarantee that the 
public will be well served. See announcement of 
the propiietors iu our advertising department. 
Ashes as a Manure, &c.—Permit me, through 
h? eolumus of your excellent paper, to ask a few 
questions. First, are tubes that have lain for 18 or 
20 years, where there we re asheries, of any im¬ 
portance now in the culture of fruit trees? Also, 
are coal ashes of any value? In grafting,is iti o: 
Letter to graft sweetto sweet,and sour to sour, than 
to mix them, us regards the durability ol the tree. 
—X. 1)., Cat on, Steuben Co., A. F. 
Remarks. —The wood ashes will be excellent, 
particularly for light land, or for a peach orchard 
—all the better for having lain twenty years.— 
Don't put any ot them near cherry trees. Coal 
ashes are of but little benefit. We do not think 
the durability ot the tree would be affected by 
grafting in the way you suggest. The plan sug- 
posed would be impracticable for nurserymen, ws 
t is impossible to tell whether seedlings, such as 
i i grafted, would bear either sweet or sour fruit. 
Grafting Wax.—Eds. Rural: — Having had 
considerable experience in grafting, I thought I 
would send you my method of making grafiiug 
wav, which is as follows:—Lake two pounds rosin, 
one pound beeswax, which break in small pieces 
and melt in an iron ketlie. Stir well, until all is 
melted, and then take it off and let it partially 
cool, when add one gill buckwheat flour and stir 
it iu. Then temper the whole with lard, using 
more or less according to the temperature of the 
weather; if warm less will answer than if cold.— 
Theamount may be determined by cooling aspoon- 
ful in cold water; then work it with the hands by 
stretching it until it becomes light colored. M’bt-u 
the whole is brought to the required temper, turn 
the compound into cold water, and as soon as cool 
enough to handle, work as before and make into 
New Instrument for Surveying. —An ingen¬ 
ious instrument has been constructed lately, of 
great utility in the art of surveying. It comprises 
two telescopes, attached to the same table at cer¬ 
tain distances from each other, one firmly fixed to 
it, and the other movable over it upon a pivot, on 
a line at right angles to the line of the former, so 
that both m>ybe made to bear upon the same 
point. The latter telescope has an index attached 
to it, moving over a graduated scale of distances 
marked upon the table, which thus indicates the 
distance of the point or angle formed by the meet¬ 
ing of the lines of the two telescopes. Heuce the 
principal on which it is constructed is the familiar 
one of the right angle triangle, and avoids thene- 
cessiiy of logaiithmio or other computations. It 
is easily made by an ordinary mechanic, though 
the graduation of the table would require consid¬ 
erable mathematical skill. 
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This is chiefly owing to tbe extreme cold weather I small rolls. I think the above recipe preferable to 
this winter. Tho thermometer fell January 18th to the one given in the Rural of the 28th Feb.— 
to twenty-two degree below zero. I noticed in Parley F. Howe, Paris, Kent Co., Mich., 1857. 
The Red Hand of Fkencu Railroad Clocks. 
—Time is telegraphed along the railway liue of 
France to each station, from the Pat is observatory. 
A plan has lately been adopted of having two 
minute homls on each station clock—one red,one 
black. Tbe black one shows the railroad time, the 
red the local time, differing front a miunte to half 
an hour. Thus at Paris, the two hands arc identi¬ 
cal. A hundred aud filty miles east the red hand 
is ton minutes in advance of the black one. A 
hundred and fifty miles wi st, the red hand is ten 
minutes behind the black one. By this simple 
plan, common mistakes and confusion are prevent¬ 
ed. As the two hands are fixed on one shaft, it is 
as easy to regulate both as one. This nseful im¬ 
provement ought to be adopted in this country. 
Burr stone has recently been discovered by Sir 
William Logan, the geologist, in Ottawa District, 
Canada, which is said to he equal to the French. 
Very doubtful if the quality will compare. 
>>v 
