MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER 
APRIL 11 
AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
The Salvias are beautiful plants for beds, though 
growing most too large. S, patens is a most gor¬ 
geous blue, and »S\ jmlgeus a dazzling crimson. 
S. splenden major, vermilliou. 
CRANBERRIES AND THEIR CUL.TURE 
as to have them live and do well? Whether they 
must bo taken up with much sicomp dirt on the 
roots or not, and whether they must be watered 
at the time of transplanting?— T. C. Pendill, 
Milo, Mich., March, 1857. 
Remarks. —It. requires great care to remove ev¬ 
ergreens from tbeir place of natural growth to the 
garden. It is difficult to take them up, especially 
if large, with all the roots, and it is almost impos¬ 
sible to reduce thetopto correspond with this loss 
of root, whitliont ruining the tree. They should 
be taken up with as much earth and as much root 
as possible. It is a good plan, but laborious, to 
take them up in the winter, with a large ball of 
frozen earth attached. As a general thing, we 
would rather depend.upon getting young trees 
from the nurseries. Watering may he of advan¬ 
tage when fir3t transplanted, bnt mulching would 
be better. _ 
Transplanting Evergreens. —Allow me, thro’ 
the columns of yonr excellent agricultural paper, 
to ask the time at which evergreens ought to be 
taken up and set out, and also the best method of 
management when set out?—J. H., Canada, New 
Market , March, 1857. 
Remarks. —Evergreens may be transplanted with 
safety any time during the spring. Care must be 
taken not to allow the roots to become dry when 
removing, or they will die. This is the reason why 
so many And it difficult to transplant evergreens. 
A good mulching of chip manure, or straw, to 
keep the ground moist and cool, is all the care 
they require, unless large, when staking will be 
necessary to prevent, their swaying with the wind. 
We have removed evergreens in the middle of the 
summer, a short distance, and without injury. 
Eds. Rural: — I noticed in one of the late num¬ 
bers of the Rural an inquiry from one of your 
subscribers in relation to Cranberries and their 
culture. Let me tell biin bow they do on prairies 
where the growth is spontaneous. A Mr. Essto, 
living about twelv e miles east of this, about twelve 
years since bought a forty acre lot of marsh and 
barrens. On the marsh at that time, or about that 
time, one of the neighbors told me that, Mr. B. 
found a patch of cranberry vines about as large as 
a breakfast table. From this beginning, by set¬ 
ting our sous of the vines cat out with a spade, at 
intervals of from four to eight feet, he has now 
about eight acres well set in vines, and at different 
seasons ho has made by the sale of the berries, 
clear of all expense of picking, barreling, Ac., 
from $1,200 to $1,‘JU0. He cleared $1,000 two years 
ago, but bow much last year I do not know. A 
small stream runs through bis marsh by which he 
can overflow the land at pleasure. 
Sods of the vines put out in suitable prairie at 
intervals ol four feet, will cover the ground well 
in three years, and will yield from $100 to $500 
worth of berries per year. 
Land that is partially covered with water during 
the winter and spring, is best adapted for them.— 
It is all folly, so far as my experience goes, to think 
of growing the berries on dry ground, that is, 
ground that is dry at all seasons. To be sure, 
duriug the months of September ami November, 
one unacquainted with the prairies would suppose, 
from appearances then presented, that the vines 
were growing on dry gnmud, but let him knowthe 
locality the year through and he would find out 
that during the wet season the land is flooded. If 
a cranberry marsh is *,<> drained that it becomes 
permanently dry. the vines will soon disappear,— 
This, at any rate, is my experience, and I have 
tried the vines on eight diflerent prairies and in 
my garden for the last four years. The experi¬ 
ments of sowing the berries broadcast, made for 
four years, fail entirely, 
I have an orchard of 1,000 apple trees, one-half 
two years old and the balance twelve, and I have 
lost of my old trees during the last four years 
over three hundred, from what folks here call 
winter killing, bnt I differ from them, and at some 
future period will give you the facts in regard to 
them, and all can then judge for themselves. 
Charles Brackett. 
THE FLOWER GARDEN.— NO. V, 
[advertisement.] 
THE LAWN. 
A miscellaneous collection of flowers, though 
beautiful and gorgeous, requires much care, in 
weeding, and other operations, which we will not 
now stop to explain. Tt, is difficult too, to keep 
such flower beds always brilliant. Some varieties 
bloom, and their beauty is gone, leaving only un¬ 
sightly plants, or bare ground* It, is very desira¬ 
ble, if possible, to keep the grounds in front of 
the house, and immediately around it at all times 
neat, tasteful anil beautiful. This is best accom¬ 
plished by forming a lawn, and planting it with 
flowering shrubs and small trees, not in regular 
order, hut scattered gracefully and naturally over 
it The grass can be mown every two or three 
weeks, and this is about all the care that will bo 
required to keep it in good condition, and the gar¬ 
den bright and pleasant every day duriug the sum¬ 
mer, furnishing a delightful place for the children 
to gambol of a summer’s evening, and a pleasant 
retreat for yourself or visitors. This is in fact, the 
parlor of the garden — always in order, always 
ready to receive company. 
Tn making such a lawn it is necessary that the 
ground should be dug very deep, or the grass will 
appear brown and dry (luting the hot weather.— 
Loosen the earth two feet deep, and make it rich. 
Then rake it off nice and smooth, and sow Ken¬ 
tucky Blue grass, or Red Top, at the rate of about 
three bushels to the acre. After this is done, 
sow about one pound of White Dutch clover, rake 
it again, and roll it, if you can buy or borrow a 
roller. This should be done as early as possible in 
the spring so as to give the seed the benefit of the 
spriug showers. By about the first of June the 
grass and clover will be nicely up, giving abun¬ 
dant promise of a carpet of green. As soon as 
the grass is high enough it should be mown, and 
kept close, as ibis will cause it to thicken. Close 
mowing will destroy all annual weeds, but peren¬ 
nial weeds, such as dock, must be pulled up by 
the roots, la the fall give it a top dressing of 
well rotted manure. 
We had almost forgotten one important matter, 
the making of walks. These should be staked out 
as soon as the ground is plowed or dug, and in 
some cases it may be convenient to do this before. 
Then remove the earth to the depth of about eigh¬ 
teen inches; this earth can he used In filling up 
any hollows. In raking the ground, many stones 
will be collected, which can be thrown into the 
walk, and enough will be probably obtained in this 
way to fill it up within three or four inches of the 
surface of the lawn; if not, stones or old brick 
mnst !>e obtained from some other source. These 
stones must be leveled on the top, and would be 
all the better for being packed in pretty smooth. 
Then cover with three inches of tine gravel, rake 
off smooth and roll. This makes a road that is 
dry at all seasons, and on which weeds will not 
grow. If weeds or grasB should start near the 
edges, a little salt sprinkled on the surface will de¬ 
stroy them, and prevent the growth of otbois for a 
long time. Along the edges of walks it is best to 
lay down a narrow turf, at the time of making the 
lawn, as it will preserve the ont-liues, and prevent 
the earth from washing upon the gravel. We de¬ 
signed only to give a few practical hints on the 
formation of the lawn, as introductory to our 
notice of 
BEDDING PLANTS. 
To add brilliancy to the quiet beauty of the 
lawn, it is well to cut out flower beds on the lawn, 
in various easy and graceful forms. It is generally 
better to place them near the road, or on the edges 
of the lawn, for If they are placed in the centre of a 
6 mal! lawn they give it a broken appearance. The 
forms of these beds may be made to suit the taste, 
but we give two of the most common in the next 
column, as a guide. All the care these flower beds 
require, in addition to weeding, which is very 
little if well filled with plants, is to trim the edges 
with a large sharp knife, so as to keep the grass 
from encroaching upon the bed. 
These flower beds should be filled with flowers 
that will blossom the whole season, and there are 
many such, now known as Bedding Plants. We 
will notice a few of the best. Bedding Plants 
should not be pat out until all danger of spring 
frost is past. 
Petunias are almost indispensable, as they blos¬ 
som abundantly all the summer, with little care, 
and show a great variety of colors. 
WILLIS’ IMPROVED STUMP MACHINE. 
Patent* d March 6, 1*55 
Farmer }, Mechorm ' t , Rnad Huililrts Spteu ! n l ups , and all 
pro a ri-i-iui. men, yjvr iilltiUiun if culled to this Falun- 
hit Paleul . 
Mv Stump Machine hits great pti vr. tt lias no equal. 
H is simple la it- onus.nunmn, snsiiv tnrl<*-<1, m il not lia- 
bl« to out of repair. Hr common weight t- ui.out 1,500 
pimmlH. It is rosily borur from place to place, ana U cun 
be loaded lu tliree minutes, iuid unload, d, set up, and a 
lusty stomp drawn, nil within Bitten iiiliiutea- Ouce 
lastened, it will pull on acre nud it bell ul slumps without 
changing anchorage. A single yOlte of cattle or one strong 
horse, is suflicieut to wort it. With such n team, if neCes- 
sary, a power of Irom thrte to live iiundiid tuna, cat be 
made to hear upon » single stump ! . 
One nan can work it, ttiougti two woik it at better ad¬ 
vantage. The lime required to rxtruct stmtiiis from six 
inches to lour feet in di .meter, will vary froio too to t*-n 
minutAS. With this Machine, standing tress may he taken 
nut, large rncSe removed IrotO ttnir I}«08 . and it is the 
best il.acbine ever invented, not only for pulling stumps, 
but for moving buildings, and other heavy bodies? All the 
iion used, is wrought. o( peculiar quality, iinportcd, sus¬ 
taining 57 tuns to the inch I 
The price of these Machines varies according to weight 
and size. I will furnish the Machine at my Manufactory, 
together with an Indlvi.'iuU right to wots it, forS'dlKJ. I 
resirtn at ('range, M i-Bact'USetta, where I mauutacture this 
article, mi a 1 rge scale, and hold my sell reaoy to furnish 
it, or sell rights to ns- it, in any tale or Towu in the 
Union, now unsaid, on v>«ns most reasonable. 
This patent, l.egiusto be appreciat'd; all who wish to 
bring sr. good a thing into use, and thereby make a “pile 
Of money," should come to Grange, see the inventor, see 
the work jugs ot the Machine with their own eyes, and if 
not perfectly Bath-Hod respecting its merits, all iheir ex¬ 
penses shall be cteeifuiiy paid. William W- Willis. 
TESTIMONIALS. 
Editorial or I.iect. Gov. Siaox Brown, in tre " New 
England Fariieu” tor Jult. 1505_Amongthe visits made by 
ns during l'ne pre.ent mom'* to the homes of lae farmers in 
various parts of this State and New Hnini»'»irv. Was. one za tile 
town of Unitze, Voss., to witness ’.be operation of the eiglith 
wonder of let world, tlio I’atcnt Stump Duller, owned and ope¬ 
rated by Mr. Vf. W. Willis of that town. 
At lea -.’clock the book of a stout chain was placed under the 
root cd tt moderately-sired -tump, and it was turned out with as 
much apparent ease as though It had been it mere Jog with no 
attachments to the ground, Other stumps of sti.l larger size, 
and more vxu-nsiv* root were then taken out, and all with cer¬ 
tainty, and without the slightest confusion. 
Soenier .t rn w,t " /''jiiufr” at Amlin r, Muss, fi t Aupust, lfoS ,ly 
ItsBdMer. Frof, J. A. A arid:—P atent Sn r Pcli.ek—S ince 
reading the statement of Lieut Gov. Brown, we have visited 
Grange, examined the machine, and seen it« power folly tested. 
It is all that Air. Brown has represented: and in two or three 
particulars we think, it is somewhat mote: 1st. it is equally us 
well adapted to drawing out stones, removing buildings, or al¬ 
most any other business requiring n high power, as to the pull¬ 
ing of stumps: Sd.it will operate with great ntpkUty without 
unreasonable severe eScrt on the part of the men or team-, 3d, it 
has con'e lit i s prow I improved state slowly and by successive 
trial ;djd not coma firm-. the brain nl a llie<>ris.t. a* Veil US i* -aid to 
nave leaped from t » brain of Jupiter, ail beautiful und mature, 
nrmc-tl cap-a-pie, ready to love, or to fig t. bnt re-t bed Jroiu the 
experience of a practical man. one thoroughly schooled in the 
rough and tumble business of drawing reeks and stimife. 
loom the Sprint Wi:i Aftu.-GS.ua.- —Tint GK-tXGk hit-ROVED 
Strut- Ut H f-K—A -.rial - f this intpii-mcr.t took place recently 
in Belcbertowri, tin Ibe farm of Mr. Joint Work. Tts power wus 
first exhibited in draw ing from the soil and rolling far up a side 
hill, a rcielc \ : j feet in its longest diameter, uni ;.t, in Its short¬ 
est. containing about UU cubic feet, the Weight of which could 
not he less than 2S tous. It next exhibited its power in over¬ 
turning nine stumps, h.-gv and small, some of lin-ru perfect 
monsters. With it, a yoke of caldv will move anything, lift 
anything, dislodge an;, tiling,—so happily and advantageously is 
the lever pnwe- sopited. 
Frcmt'v A. r- Amt net.-—AVfOBD About StvsiPs.—I am glad 
to see evidence that here and there * farmer is -Ml iv,„, 
I ha- e just seen the exploits of Mr. Willis' Stump Ex-, actor, at 
Orange. .Mass., where he has begun to mann facto re the .uncle 
on a large scale. 
Weil worked I ara told, it will turn outalusty stump each ten 
minutes, hour by hour, rid- Macbnin a much rr edi d. even itt 
New Eng Inn. 1 , and -til more in h Midd e, Ves.-in aid Srmtl em 
States. It I ns n; vie many fields lnwn-hke and beau: lu], in and 
around Grange, and if brought into requisition, it eau do the 
same from ilair.e to Georgia. 
Refekekct:s.— New England Agricultural Journals; Gov. 
Brown, i’rof. Vash: Non roe i Go.; Rural New-Yorker, 1: Ches¬ 
ter; Country t untie mas, Albany: Agricultural Journals in 
Ohio and Mtehignix 
FORMS OF FLOWER BEDS. 
These plants can be purchased at almost, any 
green-house iu the spring, at about $2 per dozen, 
and should be transplanted into the beds on the 
lawn in this section about the niddle of May. 
They will ensure a brilliant garden all thq sum¬ 
mer. Those who cannot procure these bedding 
plants from green-houses, have very good substi 
tutes in some of the annuals. The Portularca , 
Drummond Phi or, Petunia, (from seed, j and Ten 
Week. S ocks are suitable for the lawn. 
FRUIT—AGAIN 
Eds. Rural.-— I have been a constant reader for 
some few years post, of your excellent, and, in 
most, cases, practical paper, but have never until 
now attempted to furnish an article for publica¬ 
tion. I ara sincerely gratified to see that, not only 
nurserymen and pomologists, but also gardeners, 
mechanics, fanners and even your “special cor¬ 
respondent H. T. B. ( ” are waking up from their 
Rip Van Winkle nop, to the importance, utility and 
luxury, of not only standard and durable fruits, 
but of the finer and more choice varieties of smal¬ 
ler fruits, berries, Ac. Many of the choicest varie¬ 
ties of apples and peaches have been cultivated 
pretty extensively, and used without stint, by the 
Western New York farmer, from its earliest settle¬ 
ment; and for many years, smaller and choice 
fruits, such as plums, cherries, raspberries, straw¬ 
berries, blackberries, gooseberries, and even the 
veritable “Bartlett Pear,’’ have been cultivated, 
raised, placed upon the “people’s table,” and 
eaten with cream, and sugar too, I think no one 
who has eaten them will deny that they are very 
refreshing and healthy, especially with the invalid 
and the ladies, and are esteemed a great luxury by 
all. But who ever heard of the wood-chopper who 
puts up his three or four cords per day, or your 
workman from the Emerald Isle, or his Faderland, 
or even yonr own brawny, strong-armed Yankee 
boy coming to breakfast or dinner with the sweat 
on their face from swinging the cradle, or scythe, 
or axe, and a resolute determination in his eye for 
a "big day's work,” find fault with “mistress,” be¬ 
cause she does not substitute “ strawberries and 
cream” and other delicate fixings for the substan¬ 
tial "mathematical'’ breakfast = bread -i- potatoes 
+ pork, without adding the otht-r usual accom¬ 
paniments. But for the information of yonr able 
correspondent If. T. B., Mr. il. Greedy, his dietetic- 
instructor, and some of your city readers, (for you 
have many,) who might be misled by H. T. B.’s 
homily on the farmer’s table, and slmn, not only 
the table, but the very air, filled with the odor of 
pork and potatoes in the rural districts, in our 
diggings, and 1 believe throughout the State and 
county, (we‘11 politely except your correspondent 
if he wishes,) the farmer’s bill of fare is not reduc¬ 
ed to quite as exact science as is so facetiously rep¬ 
resented; and when A. B. engages "board at $2,00 
per week,” or our workmen engage with ns for the 
season, we think we are not quite so specific in the 
enumeration of edibles, as your instructive friend 
II. T. B. would have the world believe,aml without, 
traveling a tithe of the distance from “St. Johns 
to the Gulf of Mexico” may be found upon tlie 
farmers’ or people’s table at tbeir ordinary meals 
in their course and season, in addition to "pota¬ 
toes, pork and tea,” beef, fresh and corned, roast, 
broiled and boiled; lamb and veal, the best ol the 
flock—the very fatted calf; turkeys, geese, ducks 
and chickens, cooked in true French, English and 
Yankee style, and occasionally the genuine X. E. 
pork and beaus, an occasional refreshment of bi¬ 
valves, puddings, pies and cake of every variety 
and material, and the thousand and one et-ceteras 
found in the modern cookery, and changed with 
every fresh blast of the dinner-horn. In fact ex¬ 
travagance and variety is the rule at the festive 
board, and "pork, potatoes and bread,” the ex-ep- 
tiou. 
But after so high a compliment paid to the ex¬ 
cellency of fruit by your gifted correspondent as a 
substitute or accompaniment, (I cannot, toll which 
he intends,) be tells ns what he did with his apples 
last year. He says, " I boiled about six bushels of 
apples evetv two days, and mixed in two bushels 
of corn meal. On that 1 fed eight hogs and six 
cows. I fed it warm, and about the consistency of 
mush for table use" " Oh, what, a tall was there my 
countrymen,” for one of the richest table dain¬ 
ties, to be fed to swine to make pork. Most truly 
1 can respond to the sentiment in the first para¬ 
graph of your correspondent’s article on fruit.— 
"The richest of temporal legacies, and the least 
appreciated is fruit.” If H. T. B. has really set out 
in earnest as a reformer of the People's gross 
habits in eating, I cannot conceive lor my life why 
he led so great a luxury as apples to hogs unless 
to make "more of the same so it” for the "People's 
table.” Why he fed them to bis cows at all is to 
me quite incomprehensible; for neither beef, but¬ 
ter, checBO or milk is included in his “exact sci¬ 
ence” of the bill of tare. 
Now, Mr. Editor, I am not a regular correspon¬ 
dent, neither do I claim to be an occasional scrib¬ 
bler, but if you think best to publish this hastily 
written article, and it corrects a wrong impression 
in regard to the People's diet, I may appear again 
in an answer to an article on hoeing corn, that was 
published iu the Rural about “hoeing time” last 
Chestnuts on the Prairies. —In a late No. of 
the Rural is an inquiry about Chestnut trees, and 
whether they will grow West Yes, they do grow 
here on the open prairie finely, and do not winter- 
kid. Only observe nature's laws and get them 
started early, so that the wood will mature before 
winter. I think they do best on "hazle land.”— 
E. R. S., Springdale, Cedar Co., Iowa, March, 1857. 
We are indebted to D. L. Hal3ey, of Victory, 
N. Y., for Cranberry Plants, of several varieties. 
— Also, to the publishers, Moore, Wilstacu, 
Keys & Co , Cincinnati, for a copy of Hooper’s 
Western Fruit Book, which we will notice soon. 
Rochester, Fulton Co , lad 
nnni 
The Osage Orange.— Last, spring I purchased 
half a gallon Osage Orange seed, for which I paid 
$4. I soaked them lour weeks, chnugingthe water 
every day, and planted them 12th May in the gar¬ 
den, in drills 18 inches apart. In about (oar weeks 
they came up and grew well, considering the dry 
weather. They are now about IS inches high.— 
Can you, or some of the readers of the Rural, 
tell me how to plant them out and mauage them 
to make a good hedge? I wish to know how to 
take them up, how much of the tops to cut off, if 
any, how far apart to plan: them, and how toman- 
age them after planting, Ac., Ac.—C. L. Hollings¬ 
worth, Waterford, Loudon Co., lit. 
Rkmarks.— This is an important matter, and we 
cheerfully give the information needed. As the 
hedge is designed for protection it is essential 
that it be thick and strong, so that nothing can 
look through it, such as is shown in the engraving 
above. Those who undertake to grow a hedge are 
generally in too great a hurry, and let it run op, 
without securing a good bottom. This is wrong. 
The main point is to secure a good foundation, 
aud the necessary height can afterwards be easily 
obtained. The first tbiug is the preparation of the 
ground. Plow a strip where you design to make 
the hedge, seven or eight feet wide, and it natu¬ 
rally poor manure it, and drag. Then take up the 
plants, and cut off the tops to within two or three 
inches of the roots, and shorten the long tap root 
to six or eight inches. Then draw a line and 
plant them in a single row, eight inches apart— 
Some prefer to plant a double row, the plants one 
foot apart in each row, and the rows six inches 
apart, the plants in one row, standing opposite the 
vacant spaces in the other. Keep the ground mel¬ 
low, and all weeds destroyed during the gutnnier, 
by cultivation. The next spring you will find that 
the plants have made a growth of two feet at least, 
which must be cut back to within two or three 
inches of the old wood. Cultivate the second 
summer the same as before, and the growth will 
be quite strong. We have piten seen shoots from 
seven to eight feet long. The third spring cut 
back so as to leave the young hedge only about 
one foot in height, and as broad as possible. Do 
not shorten any of the side shoots, unless a few 
may have grown so much as to be out of propor¬ 
tion, when they may be cut back so as to make the 
sides uniform. During the third summer, if the 
plants make a rapid growth, they may tic cut iu 
July. Cut the tops severely, and the sides only to 
keep them regular, and always prune to iorm a 
pyramidal hedge, as shown iit the engraving.— 
Judgment must be exercised in all these opera¬ 
tions, but it is well to remember that the natural 
tendency of the plant is to run up, aud severe 
pruning is necessary to keep it down and secure 
a thick bottom. 
Progress of Intention. —Itappears thatduriDg 
the four years previous to 1S53, the average annual 
number of applications for patents, at the United 
States Patent Offiee, was 2,522, while for the four 
subsequent years, such average will be about 4000. 
The number of patents annually issued during the 
former ^peritid, average 990; during the latter 
about 1,850. For the current year, the whole num¬ 
ber of applications made, the whole number of 
patents granteJ, and the amount of revenue re¬ 
ceived, will, respectively, be at least double what 
they were in any previous year. The number of 
applications for patents at the United States office, 
the last year, was greater than that in any other 
country, having been 4,435, against 2,95$ in Great 
Britain, and 4,056 in France. For the present year, 
it is thought that the number of applications will 
reach 5,000. 
Eds. Rural: — The following recipes, which I 
think very good, if yon deem them worthy of a 
place in your columns, please insert them for the 
benefit of those interested: 
Graham. Bread.— Two quarts Graham flour, one 
quart warm water, two-thirds cup of yeast Stir 
it up and set in a warm place to rise. When light 
add one quart warm water, two and a half quarts 
Graham flour, and one cup of sugar. When 
thoroughly stirred up, dip into deep tins and let it 
rise again. Bake one hour. 
Soft Cake. — One cup butter, one enp butter¬ 
milk, or (one-half cup butter, one cup sourcrea :) 
—one cup sugar, two eggs, one teaspoon soda. 
Sponge Cake. —One cup sugar, three eggs, one 
teaspoon soda, one do. cream-tartar, one and a half 
cup flour. 
Lemon Pie. —One lemon grated, one cup sugar, 
one cup rich cream, a paste on the bottom and top. 
Cream-Tartar Cake. — Two cups sugar, one 
cup butter, one cup milk, six eggs, one teaspoon 
soda, two do. cream-tartar, three cups of flour. 
Ginger Snaps. — One cup molasses, one cup 
shortening, one-half tablespoon ginger, one tea¬ 
spoon soda, roll thin; bake quick.— Emma, Spartar, 
A. K, March, 1557. 
Nigut Spectacles. —“Why may not a pair of 
spectacles be made to see with in the night?” I 
have often asked myself the same question. It 
would be very desirable in some situations, to see 
clearly wuen quite dark, when acting as pilot, for 
example, on a river steamboat The idea is prac¬ 
ticable. That which avails an owl to see in the 
dark will also enable a man to see in the night.— 
Herschel could see with the aid of an optical in¬ 
strument which he constructed, the dial on a 
steeple clock, a mile distant, when it was so dark 
that he could see but a few feet with the naked 
eye. The idea will be put in general practice ere 
long I think.— Scientific American. 
CAKES AND CRULLERS, 
Eds. Rural: —Having tried many of the recipes 
given in your valuable paper and found them good, 
I thought I would send a couple of my own as 
partial remuneration for benefits received. 
Sponge Cake. —One cup of sugar, three eggs, 
one teaspoonful cream tartar, one-half teaspoon of 
soda, one cup of flour—spice to the taste. The 
soda is to be stirred in just before putting into 
the oven. 
Crullers. —Six eggs, six large spoonfuls of su¬ 
gar. six tablespoonfuls of melted laid, one table¬ 
spoonful of salt, one nutmeg, flour sufficient to 
form a stiff batter, roll thin, cut in any shape to 
suit, boil in lard— E. C. L., Penfield, Calhoun Co., 
Michigan, 1557. 
Stirred Cake. —Take two eggs, one cup sugar, 
three fourths cup butter, half cup cream, two cups 
flour, one teaspoonful of soda, aud a little nutmeg. 
—A Yankee Girl, H7Lon, A r . K. 1857. 
Something a9 Good as India Rubber. —A cor¬ 
respondent of the Scientific American sends that 
paper a specimen of a substance which has the 
property of India Rubber, hut is produced in all 
of the States of this country south of 39 degrees, 
and is in solid form. It may easily be re uced to 
a suitable shape for exportation. The editor says 
it looks like the real caoutchouc. The discoverer 
is Joseph E. Ware, and if the article possesses the 
physical properties of India Rubber, he has made 
a discovery of inestimable value. 
The Manufacture of Bonnets. —"What be¬ 
comes of ail the pins?” is a question often asked 
and seldom answered. Borne facts that we learn¬ 
ed the other day, led ns to ask, "Whatbecomes of 
all the bonnets?” At a factory in Pox borough, 
Mass., more than ten thousand a Jay are made and 
thrown into the market. For more than twenty 
miles round aliout the people are engaged in the 
work, aud ’.hey have agents all over the world col¬ 
lecting materials and disposing of their manufac¬ 
tures.— Exchange. 
the petunia. 
The Verbena is one of the most iutere stingand 
beautiful plants for bedding out upon the lawn.— 
It will commence blossoming about the first of Juno 
and continue until killed by frost They exhibit 
almost every variety and shade of color, and bcin g 
a low trailing plant, are easily made to conform to 
the size and shnpe of the bed, and will entirely 
cover the ground, if planted about 15 Inches apart 
Scarlet Geraniums make a most dazzling and 
brilliant display. The small growing, or dwarf 
sorts are best adapted to the lawn. 
The Fpcusia is very gracelul and flue on the 
lawn, bat requires to be planted in a shady place, 
where it will not be exposed to the noonday sun. 
Correction.—I saw in your paper a recipe for 
washing. One ounce of borax to two pounds of 
hard or soft soap is quite enough, and will facili¬ 
tate washing much.—O. Preston, I7c/or, N. V. 
Domestic Yeast. —Boil one pound of good flour, 
a quarter of a pound of brown sugar, and a little 
salt, with two gallons of water, for one hour.— 
When milk-warm bottle it and cork close. It will 
be fit tor use iu twenty-four hours. One pint of 
this yeast will make eighteen pounds of bread.— 
Homestead. 
An ingenious and useful invention, in the shape 
of an inkstand, by which the ink is kept pure and 
fluid, and all evaporation, mildew, aud oxidation 
avoided, has been recently patented in England.— 
The ink is so supplied to the pen that the latter 
cau never be over-charged, aud thus blotting is 
completely prevented. 
Removing Evergreens from the Woods.—W ill 
you, or some of your many readers, inform me, 
through the medium of the New-Yorker, the 
time of year aud the manner of transplanting 
Pine trees trom the woods into the door-yard, so 
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