MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORIvER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
APRIL 18 . 
for two acre?, and will require a seed bed eigbt by 
twenty feet. The seed should be sown in beds, 
selecting some warm, sheltered, and dry spot 
for the purpose, as soon as the frost is well out of 
the ground. The seed is very fine, and it may be 
mixed with sand, when it can be sown more even¬ 
ly. The seed beds will require careful weeding.— 
From the first to the twentieth of Jane the plants 
will be ready to set in the field, which should be 
done on a damp day if possible. A few should be 
reserved in the seed-bed to replace those plants 
that may not grow, or be killed by the grub. In 
taking up the plants care should he exercised, so 
as to injure the roots as little as possi le. The 
proper distance for planting is two foot apart in 
the rows, and the rows three leel. The after cul¬ 
ture is similar to that for corn—Keeping the 
the ground light, and the weeds destroyed. The 
hill, if any, around the plant must be low, or it 
will interfere with the lower leaves. The tobacco 
worm sometimes makes its appearance about, the 
time of the second hoeing, eating holes in the 
leaves, and must be searched for on the under 
sides of the leaves and destroyed. 
As soon as the flower buds appear, the lops must 
be broken off three leaves below the bads, which 
will increase the growth of the lower leaves. This 
topping causes shoots to start out at the base of 
each leaf, and these shoots mast he broken i ff in 
about eight days after the topping, or they, too, 
injure the growth of the leaves, and still further 
iDjnre them in curing. 
The time for cutting the crop is from the fifth of 
September to the loth, in about 12 or 15 days after 
topping. The plant should be cut with a hatchet 
bet ween the lower leaves and the ground, and be 
allowed to lay on the ground long enough to wilt 
the leaves, so that they may be handled without 
breaking, but not exposed to the noon-day sun, or 
they will become scorched and worthless. It is 
necessary, therefore, to cut early in the morning or 
the evening, and in either case it should be housed 
before noon. In all the operations care must be 
taken not to tear or injure the leaves. 
Curing the tobacco requires great care. As 
soon as gathered it must be i uug on poles in a 
tobacco house or shed, the butts being fastened to 
the poles and the points hanging downwards. The 
plants are fastened to the poles with twine, about 
six inches apart, and the poles about one foot 
apart. It will be necessary to have a circulation 
of air through the building, hut when the wind is 
high, unless the building is closed, the leaves will 
he injured. As soon as sufficiently cured, it. must 
be taken down and the leaves stripped from the 
stalks. It will generally be in this slate, about 
the first of December. If, on a dry day the leaf 
stalk will break from near the butt, it is sufficient¬ 
ly cured to take down and strip. The tobacco 
grower, while stripping assorts into dillerent 
grades, the largest, soundest and best colored 
leaves being pul in the first class, and the narrow, 
torn and light colored leaves make the seenn I class. 
Some growers make three grades. There is a good 
deal of difference in the value, the pr oe ranging 
from five to twdve cents a pound. After the 
leaves are assorted, they are mate into “hands,” 
by taking a large handful, with the hui.fs even, and 
binding a leaf around, so as to hold them together. 
These “hands” are then packed away in a stack, 
with the butts and the points of the leaves over¬ 
lapping each oilier, and in this way the leaves will 
be kept solt and pliable, and the butts be more 
thoroughly cured. Tobacco should not be handled 
when it is dry and harsh, and all handling is better 
done ou i damp day. 
The last and most important operation is sweat- 
ing. This operation is thus performed. Boxes arc 
made about two feet four inchbs by three feet six 
inches. Into these boxes the “ hands” of tobacco 
are placed in lengthwise of the box, the butts at 
the end. In this way the box is filled. A heavy 
“follower” of two inch plank just made to fit the 
inside of the box is then pressed upon it with a 
lever or screw'. The top or “ follower” is then re¬ 
moved, and more tobacco put in and pressed, and 
so on until the case is full of pressed tobacco, and 
these cases will generally contain from three to four 
hundred pounds. After the box is full the “fol¬ 
lower” is removed, and the cover nailed on, aud 
the cases packed away in a dry close building, 
where they must remain during the next summer, 
until fall, when the tobacco is lit for market.— 
When packed for sweating the tobacco should be 
soft and pliable without being wet or sticky. Any 
that appears the too damp may be packed at the 
top or sides of the box or dried. 
"We have answered several inquiries in this brief 
article—another is received just before going to 
press, which we answer —Tobacco grows well on 
interval or muck land, but the leaves are thick, 
and burn with a black ash, and are disliked. For 
further facts get pamphlet advertised March 14. 
Communications. 
GENESEE WHEAT. 
Eds. Rural: —By looking over the “Commer¬ 
cial records” of eastern daily papers and “Tele¬ 
graph reports” in our western papers, the general 
reader will notice the fuct, that “ Genesee Extra ” 
no longer takes /«// precedence among eastern buy¬ 
ers and consumers, as the best “ Family Flour.”— 
Previous to the wet harvest of 1855, no flour could su¬ 
percede “ Genesee as regards quality. All natural¬ 
ly inquire the cause. The farmer who takes his 
“grist” of four, six or ten bushels of wheat, is sure 
to caution the miller to make good white flour — 
“ He is tired of eating dark bread,” &c., Ac. 
The wheat of the last harvest is not of as good 
quality as Genesee wheat was two and three years 
ago. Farmers as well as others, will readily ad¬ 
mit this as a fact. The reason may be traced to 
two causes. First, the aggressions of the « weevil” 
(which prevail east of the “ Genesee river and 
north of the ridge,” more than with the farmers 
in Genesee Co.,) causing a great many berries to 
assume a stunted or blasted appearance, the flonr 
of the same, being defective, while the hull is 
thicker and not healthy. Second, and I believe 
more generally in those localities where the weevil 
has barely commenced its ravages, the reason is 
traceable to the seed used. I do not wish to “ harp” 
upon that which is irremedjuhly passed, hut at the 
time when the “germination of sprouted wheat” 
was written about and talked about, a worthy cor¬ 
respondent of Wheatland gave the result of liis 
experiment. All readers of the Rural were 
pleased with the result at the time, for a very great 
expense was thereby lifted from the shoulders of 
Genesee farmers, who supposed it would he neces¬ 
sary to buy foreign wheat for seed. At that time 
some fellow townsmen of mine, were dealing in 
Canada wheat, and some fine samples of white 
wheat were sold to various farmers in this section, 
who reasoned like this, “the more perfect tin; 
seed sow n, the better would he the quality of the 
wheat harvested.” 
This has proved true in all the instances of 
which I have been made acquainted, and assuming 
that their reasoning was correct, (and docs not the 
result, in Western New York show it?) it would 
have been for better if all farmers bad sowu per¬ 
fect seed. A circumstance happened about twelve 
years since, (I am not positive as to date) which 
may not be amiss in explanation. The late Josiah 
IIowkm., Esq., of Chili, Monroe Co., N. Y., was 
then doing an extensive business in raising wheat, 
and while drawing his wheat “to the mill,” he 
made the remark that “ he had hut a small quanti¬ 
ty of wheat, for the number of acres sown.” My 
father asked of him the cause; he replied “that 
the previous year he had a quantity of sprouted 
grain, whichhe wag satisfied would germinate, and 
had sown it pretty generally on bis farms.” The 
result was “half a crop,” and, as he said, “if he 
had thrown the seed into Black Crcelc, he would 
have had a better crop.” These remarks may be 
untimely, but spring is nearly half gone, summer 
will soon be passed, and seed time will come so 
soon that all will not he ready for its return. 
Batavia, N. Y., 1857. S. B. P. 
BARLEY.—QUANTITY OF SEED PER ACRE. 
Eds. Rural:—I was much pleased to see in the 
Rural, your well-timed articles on Barley, the soil 
adapted to its growth, and its proper cultivation; 
for according to present indications, barley must 
be the staple production in our wheal-growing 
sections. But it is a valuable crop for the cultiva¬ 
tor, even when we can grow wheat; for it is the 
best spring crop to sow wheat after, providing that 
the ground is rich and clean. 
But I differ from you in opinion as to the quan¬ 
tity of seed that it is best to sow per acre. I con¬ 
sider one and a half bushels per acre, if evenly 
sown, better than more. It is my impression that 
there iB generally more injury to the crop by sow¬ 
ing too much than too little seed. It is never 
profitable to over-tax the soil. But it is useless for 
farmers to altercate about those facts which can¬ 
not be known hut by experience, and each cultiva¬ 
tor must settle them for himself, and be his own 
judge as to what it is best for him to do, and how 
to do it 
Any one who has a field, uniform in soil and 
condition, which he intends to sow with barley, 
can try the effect of the different quantities of 
seed sown per acre. Let him sow one ridge (or 
land) at the rate of one bushel per acre, another 
at two bushels, and a third at three bushels —then 
watch the result very carefully and endeavor to as¬ 
certain the exact quantity that each ridge pro¬ 
duces, and publish the result in the Rural, and it 
may stimulate others t,o try the same experiment. 
But T will suggest a plan to all, or any one who 
will take the trouble to do it, that would be more 
satisfactory and more likely to settle the question 
of quantity of seed per acre. After the barley is 
well up select two pieces in the same field as uni¬ 
form as you can judge them to be for equal pro¬ 
duction; mark out exactly a square yard, (or any 
quantity desired,) in each piece, butbccaiefultbat 
they arc exactly of the same dimensions. Then pull 
out of the one patch every other spear, so as only 
to leave the half of the quantity to grow in one 
patch that there is in the other. At harvest, be¬ 
fore you cut the surrounding grain, cut those 
pieces uniform in height from the ground, and 
weigh each parcel, straw and grain, then thresh it 
aud weigh the grain, and it will give something of 
an idea how much it is best to sow per acre. 
April, 1857. YY. G. 
- 4 —*■- 
SPONTANEOUS PBODUCTION. 
In the month of May, 1792, my father, with a 
couple of men for “help,” came to the farm on 
which I now reside, for the purpose of commenc¬ 
ing the improvement, or “ clearing" it, preparatory 
to a settlement with bis family the ensuing year. 
His land was then covered with a dense forest, and 
the nearest “squatter” was, at the least, one mile 
and a half West from his location. East, North 
and South no one was within fifteen miles. Wish¬ 
ing t,o raise a few vegetables for use during the 
summer, he cut and burned Ibe “ underbrush,” Ac., 
from a small piece of Cat land beside a rivulet 
which ran past the spot wbiob he had selected for 
the site of his “cabin.” In the “virgin” soil he 
planted various kinds of garden seeds, which soon 
came up and grew well. But he was very much 
surprised to see that white clover had sprung up in 
the places where he had burned the brush heaps, 
(ami in those only,) almost as soon as the garden 
seeds which he had planted. He informed me that 
he was perfectly satisfied no clover seed of any 
kind bad then been brought to that place by hu¬ 
man or other agency, and he could not. imagine 
wiry the plant bad sprung up there so soon, unlesB 
it was from “spontaneous production; a hypothesis 
in which neither my father nor myself, were in¬ 
clined to believe. 
My father waaa close observer, in no wise credu¬ 
lous, and not easily mystified, —always ready to give 
a sound and good reason for the “faith that was 
in him;” and noted for being particular to sow jind 
plant only the purest and best seeds of all kinds .— 
But he admitted that he was most completely non¬ 
plussed by seeing the white clover springing up, 
ancl growing most luxuriantly among the ashes of 
his first burned brush heaps, as he believed, with¬ 
out the possibility that the seed, could have been 
scattered there. Another singular circumstance 
was that the clover came up only on the spots 
where the brush heaps had been burned—none be¬ 
ing found in any other part of the garden. 
Upon this statement ol facts, I should be pleased 
to be enlightened by some of those professors who, 
I discover, hold to the theory, (or rather supposi¬ 
tion,) that plant seeds may lay dormant thousands 
of years, aud then, suddenly Bpring into life to the 
amazement of those who are not sufficiently scien¬ 
tific to solve the mysteries of nature. ’Hied. 
Seneca Co., 1867. 
CABE OF YOUNG- COLTS. 
A “Subscriber” at Oberlui, inquires through 
the Rural if there is any danger of feedingyoaug 
colts too many oats the first winter? “ A. T.” an¬ 
swers, that there is danger of feeding too many, 
arul advises one quart, a day with ashes and hem¬ 
lock leaves occasionally, but gives neither facts or 
experiments as a basis of bis opinion. Now facts 
are always better than theories, aud my opinion, 
based upon actual experience and test is, that there 
is far more danger of feeding too few than too 
many. 
A few years since I raised a colt from a favorite 
mare, and prizing it very highly, I was anxious to 
take extra care of it, hut my wise neighbors told 
roe I must not feed it grain the first winter, as it 
would always require grain thereafter to keep in 
good condition, but “let it pick for itself the first 
winter, and alter that, it will do to take good care 
of it.” This was, and still is, the prevailing opin¬ 
ion, but it is not good sense nor my experience. 
During the first winter this colt was kept in the 
bam, and had access to the manger of bis mother 
aud ate oats with her twice a day, and as she was 
liberally fed, be generally got all be would eat.— 
He kept in fine condition all winter, and when 
grass came in the spring be was in good condition 
to “ pick fur himself ”—whs as fat as a fattened pig, 
aud continued so ever after, never losing his flesh 
materially even on ordinary keeping. He was a 
horse of wonderful endurance and the easiest kept 
horse I ever knew. Since that time, I have raised, 
more or less every year, treating them in a similar 
way, and always with equally good success. 
I have a hor6e now, five years old, which, during 
his first winter, had all the oats he would eat, be¬ 
sides being treated frequently to a mess of shortB 
and cut. potatoes for a change. He came out in 
the spring as fat and smooth as an otter, and has 
continued so to this day, though he has never 
eaten a quart of grain of any kind since the first 
winter—during the past winter he has eaten only 
hay and corn stalks, a nd yet is in fine condition for 
market. 
Colts are generally w-eaned in the fall when grass 
is neither sweet nor plenty, and it must be evident, 
to every one that, there is no time iu the life of the 
animal, when it needs snch special care and kind 
nursing, as when it Is Grst put away from its mo¬ 
ther and required to “pick fur itself." 
I have several colts now on my farm, of dillerent 
ages, all r.eared in the same way w T hich I shall he 
happy to exhibit as proofs of the correctness of 
the practice. A. C. Harris. 
Toledo, Ohio, 1857. 
BEAN CULTURE. 
Ens. Rural: —After reading in one of the late 
numbers of the Rural, the experience of a farm¬ 
ing friend on bean growing, I leel inclined to give 
a short account of a bean crop raised by myself in 
Ibe summer of 1855. I plowed four acres of newly 
stocked clover and fitted it in good order, upon 
which, on the 25th of May, I planted three bushels 
of medium-sized white beans. I used a drill that 
planted two rows at a time, at a distance of 2.} feet 
apart. The soil was ot a sandy loam and had never 
been manured. The account of labor, Ac., stands 
as follows: » 
Ur.—4 days plowing rod dragging....$ 8 00 
3 bush, seed, at $2,-- 0 00 
1 day planting... 2 00 
2 days cultivating___ 3 00 
5 days lioving.... 5 00 
0 days pulling....--- 0 00 
3days drawing....-- 4 00 
5 days threshing.. 5 00 
Cleaning aud marketing.. 3 50 
Interest, on land at $70 per acre_ 19 00—$ 62 10 
Cr.—94 bush, beans at J l per bush.188 00 
2 y& tuns ol bean straw. 9 00— 197 00 
lural Eotrs anil Items. 
Total profits. $134 90 
Profit per aero___ 33 72 
I would by no means have any one infer from 
thip, that I am always as successful, yet I think 
that there is no crop, that will pay the farmer more 
bountifully than the bean, if the soil be right and 
they secure proper attention. From a number of 
years experience I should say that boans ought to 
be planted the latter part of May, and that not less 
than a bushel of seed per acre should be used. 1 
think that if 1 liad planted more seed my crop 
would have been far more profitable. 
In raising this crop the farmer can pay for his 
labor quicker than in almost any other, aud per¬ 
haps I reckoned interest on my land for a longer 
time than should have been done, for instead of be¬ 
ing a year growing a crop, you can plow, plant, 
harvest, and market in the short space of 90 days. 
West Gaines, Orleans Co., N. Y., 1857. E. B. 
-- 
CORN vs. ROOT CROPS. 
Ens. Rural:— T am sorry W. .T. F„ thinks!meant 
to insinuate anything to his prejudice,—from his 
using the stereotyped arguments in the favor of 
growing roots, one might infer little practical ex¬ 
perience to speak from—hut his second communi¬ 
cation, sets us right again. Ti one has land"iu 
Ibe highcsUilth—plowed 12 Inches deep and high¬ 
ly manured”—he may, and ought to succeed bet¬ 
ter than 1 did. I was speaking of such land and 
labor as I would give to corn, and comparing the 
two corps. I mean to “try again,” and give extra 
manuring and preparation, aud hope to report 
“better luck next time.” 
J. C., of Troy, also refers to my communication, 
and gives some valuable information on the sub¬ 
ject of Carrots and Mangold Wnrtzels. I like the 
while sugar beet very well, and mean to try it again 
another year. The trouble of late years, is to keep 
roots through the winter—such " below zeroish ” 
weather crawls through cellar walls and thick bed¬ 
ding of earth. If thawed in the dark and covered 
pretty well from the air, they do not Heom injured 
materially thereby, but it is more convenient to 
have food keeping with less trouble. In extreme 
cold weather, too, they would freeze on the way 
from the cellar to the stomachs of the stock. 
The best use of root crops, as far as I can learn, 
is for the fall and spring feeding of stock—in ex 
treme cold weather they are said to be of too watery 
a nature to keep up the requisite vital heat of the 
animal consuming them largely. It remain?, how¬ 
ever, a question needing further and careful ex¬ 
periment. u. F. 
Niagara Co., April, 1857. 
The Poultry Yard. —liens will lay in spring, 
any way, whatever may he their inclinations in cold 
winter weather. But they will lay many more and 
better eggs if well fed,— and the same is true of 
ducks and geese. 
-- 
The Calf Pen. — One is too often paiued on 
going into barns at this season, to find a calf or 
two, shut up in some corner stall and left with very 
little attention In either comfort or cleanliness.— 
Do not lie sparing of the straw-stack—give litter, 
and use the shovel often enough, at tiny rate, to 
keep the pen dry—for your own comfort as well as 
that of the animal. 
-*-V*- 
Care of Early Lambs. — A pint ol oat-meal 
scalded in two quarts of water, makes a fine slop 
for ewes who chance to have early lambs. Good 
water should be supplied freely, and as much fine 
hay as they wiil eat. Lambs a month old, will 
begin to nibble at good hay pretty earnestly, 
though, of course, they could not live on such food, 
alone. 
- . 
Questionable! —Whether the practice of selling 
off the hay and grain from a farm, without a re¬ 
turn of the manure it would make, comes under 
the head of good farming 1 To keep up the 
fertility of the land, these articles should be con¬ 
sumed as far as may be upon it, and the refuse and 
manure he carefully saved and returned for its en¬ 
riching. Let us lake thought, of these things. 
Wool Growing in the South. —A gentleman 
who has been eugaged in the wool growing busi¬ 
ness in Tennessee, and who has recently traversed 
Northern Alabama, informs the Mobile Tribune 
that the raising of sheep in that State would be 
more profitable than the culture of cotton. Thous¬ 
ands of acres, fit for nothing else but. sheep pas¬ 
tures, could be had for 12$ cents per acre. 
Maple Sugar. — The N. Y. Tribune estimates 
that seventy million pounds of maple sugar have 
been made this year, and estimating it at ten cents 
per pound, its value is seven million dollars. The 
labor bestowed on this production, if applied in 
any other direction, on the farm, the Tribune thinks 
wmald not result in products equal to three million 
dollars in value. 
An Exhibition of Stallions is announced to 
take place on the Fair Grounds of the Columbia 
Co. Ag. Society, under the auspices of the Board 
of Managers, on the lltli day of May ensuing. The 
show is designed for the display of the Stallions 
of Columbia and adjoining counties, "and of such 
of their stock as the owners may desiro—thus 
affording to the breeders of stock a favorable op¬ 
portunity of choice and observation, and to all 
owners of valuable stallions, of the several classes, 
an opportunity for exhibition.” A good idea. 
-- 
Mass. Ag. Report. —We are indebted to its au¬ 
thor (C< L. Flint, Esq.,) for a copy of the “Fourth 
Annual Report of the Becretaiy of the Massachu¬ 
setts Board of Agriculture, with Accompanying 
Documents, for the year 1856.” It is a handsome 
pamphlet volume of about 350 pages. Most of the 
volume is occupied with an able and practical 
Treatise on Grasses and Forage Plants, compris¬ 
ing their natural history, comparative value, culti¬ 
vation, cutting and curing, and the management of 
grass lands—illustrated with engravings of many 
of the grasses, and several haying implements and 
machines. The Treatise is a valuable contribution 
to our Rural Literature. 
-•+.- 
Cultivation of the Bun-Flower. —“A West¬ 
ern Reader” writes:—“As many of the readers of the 
Rural would like to try Lieut. Maury’s Suu- 
Flowor experiment, for the sake of the profit as 
well as health, will you or some of joursubscrlbers 
give us through the Rural, some information as 
to its culture as a field crop? What is considered 
a good yield per acre, where a good market is to 
be found?” 
— Any of our friends who can do so, will please 
respond. We also have some inquiries as to where, 
and at what price, Sun-Flower seed can be obtain¬ 
ed. We fear there is little or none to be had — at 
least not one-tenth enough to supply the demand 
caused by the publication of Lieut. M.’s articles, 
which, we are glad to notice, are being widely 
copied and attracting merited attention. 
-- 
The Rural Impartial. —This journal always 
has been, is, and will probably continue to bo, en¬ 
tirely disconnected from any Ag. Warehouse,Seed 
Store, Nursery, or other business which would 
render it for our pecuniary interest to use its 
pages as a medium oi specially commending or 
continuously advertising the wares of any partic¬ 
ular establishment. Our special and sole business 
ist.o edit aud publish an Agricultural and Family 
Newspaper—and to end therein, if possible—aud 
albeit we might resist temptation, even if connect¬ 
ed with a more profitable establishme nt, we do not 
believe it would comport with our duty to sub¬ 
scribers and the public to engage in aDy business 
which would interfere with our labors or affect our 
Judgment or independence us a journalist. We 
cannot say, in the language of a contemporary, 
that “ we have no business whatever for we find that 
the Rural alone is becoming an institution which 
requires a vast amount of labor and close attention. 
These remarks are made, not only for the infor¬ 
mation of such as occasionally write us under the 
Impression that we may be connected with Imple¬ 
ment, Seed or Nursery establishments, but for the 
special benefit of those who wish us to engage iu 
itenrB and branches of business which could be 
largely extended by noticing and advertising in a 
Journal of such wide and extensive circulation as 
the Rural. Though we have had many very ad¬ 
vantageous offers to embark in such branches of 
trade, we have ever preferred and still prefer to 
keep entirely aloof— tlnro preserving our impar¬ 
tiality, and independence of outside interests or 
influences. Though more money could lie made 
by accepting this or that proposition to connect 
ourselves with a business which could be material¬ 
ly augmented through the aid of the Rural, we 
consider it more important that its pages should 
remain, like Cajsar’s wife, above suspicion. 
Cultivation of Flax in Qmo. — Mr. Jonah 
Woodward, of North Jackson, Mahoning county, 
furnishes the Commissioner of Patents an inter- 
esiing description of the cultivation of flax in that 
State. He remarks that three pecks of seed is 
sown to the acre, which yields from six to twelve 
binhels ol. flax-seed, the price of which per bushel 
is $2 25. From one to two tuns of llnx-strn w are 
obtained from each acre, the price of which per 
tun is $3 50 to $7, accordingto quality. This straw 
is manufactured into tow for the rope works and 
paper mills of the Eastern cities. Mr. W. bad re¬ 
ceived from a California friend some California 
flax seed, which he believes to be superior to tbe 
varieties which he has heretofore, cultivated, and 
which makes mol e oil to the bushel. 
-- 
Murrain in Cattle. — A very fatal disease, 
called murrain, is raging among the cattle in seve¬ 
ral parts of Europe. What the character of the 
disease is, we do not at present understand, as the 
term " murrain” is popularly applied to various 
maladies. The subject bas attracted attention iu 
England, and the Government has been solicited 
to prohibit the importation of stock from the con¬ 
tinent. Prof. Simonds, however, the consulting 
veterinary surgeon to the Royal Agricubural So¬ 
ciety, advises that an exact knowledge of the true 
pathology of the disease he obtained before deci¬ 
ding to exclude foreign animals from the English 
markets. 
— »<- 
Government Lands. —An intelligent and relia¬ 
ble friend writes to us as follows, from Iowa:— 
“There, are no Government Lands inTowa subject 
to private entry with either Land Warrants or 
money, except by pre-emption settlement,. And 
I think there is none in Wisconsin or Minnesota. 
Our people have given, in Land Warrants and 
Railroad grants, land enough to clear the market 
for years. There are already more than warrants 
enough in this State, to secure all the land coming 
into market in May. So it will be useless for any 
individual to send on money to buy land. An in¬ 
dividual can secure 1G0 acres by pre-emption and 
pay for it with a warrant.” 
— H.- 
Maine State Fair. — The Rural Intelligencer 
says that about twelve thousand dollars have been 
subscribed by the citizens as an indemnifying 
pledge to the Trustees of the Maine State Agricul¬ 
tural Society, if they will appoint the next Annual 
Fair iu Augusta. 
-•+ « 
Agriculture is the true foundation of wealth; 
the sea renders her tribute, but the earth presents 
to skill and industry richer, and infinitely varied 
contributions;—money is not wealth. 
'mm§ 
ADVICE TO YOUNG MEN. 
Young Men be industrious. If you are prodi¬ 
gal of time and do no not know what use to make 
of it, you will contract bad habita of which it will 
be no easy matter to rid yourselves. It is well to 
look forward to the future and mark vhe evils re- 
salting from an idle life. Think of the time when 
you will begin to act for yourselves in the more 
trying scenes in after years. Think what will be 
your character and reputation then if you waste 
your days in trifles and follies, but if industry is 
stamped upon your characters great will be your 
enjoyment. You will not only be respected and 
beloved, but you will never lack for employment. 
It is with more grief and pain than I can ex¬ 
press, when I see the growing disposition in all 
directions to avoid agricultural pursuits and rush 
into the over-crowded professions, because a cor¬ 
rupt and debasing fashion has thrown around them 
the tinsel of imaginary respectability. It is upon 
agriculture that we mainly depend lor our pros¬ 
perity, and sad will be tbe day when it falls into 
disrepute. The cultivators of the earth are the 
most valuable citizens; they are the most inde¬ 
pendent, and they are tied to their country aud 
wedded to its liberty and interest by the most last¬ 
ing bonds. You may hear from me again.— E. 
Smith, East Bloomfield, N. Y., March, 1857. 
RURAL LIFE. 
Aside from the solid benefits of rural life, so nu¬ 
merous and valuable, there are many joys that 
light up t he countenance aud fill tbe eye with glad¬ 
ness. What is more cheering, and what more heal¬ 
ing to the bruised spirit, what more creative of 
beauty in tbe inner life, what more creative of 
calm serenity iu the soul, than meadow scenery or 
a walk by the side of the gentle brook, overbung 
with flowers, brooks transparent as sunlight, flow¬ 
ers colored by Nature’s own matchless hand.— 
What condition in life enn boast of more than a 
walk in the leafy wood, or 
“ Where kids and lambkins play, 
And fruits and flowers commingled grow.” 
Rural life waB the patriarchal choice. Eve, in 
her sinless simplicity, dressed the garden, aud 
Abel offered of the firstlings of his flock. Re¬ 
moved from the wild confusion of the crowded 
street—disengaged from a community, running 
riot In artificial luxury —preserving one’s own 
individuality from the insatiato maw of a fren¬ 
zied populace—standiug alone, surrounded only 
with Nature’s primitive beauties, who need ask 
a happier lot ?—E. G. U. 
GEOWING ONIONS. 
Eds. Rural: —As I am adventurous, and like to 
try experiments, and see what things will come to, 
I have grown onions, and as I see the men are talk¬ 
ing in the Rural about growing onions, I thought 
I would tell you how T do it. As soon as the 
ground will permit, I plow deep, and manure well, 
then drag down ami furrow out in beds 8 or 10 feet 
wide. This done, T procure a board aa long as the 
width of the bed, and about 15 inches wide. Place 
ft on ill a bed ami plant the onions (potato onions) 
0 inches apart near the edge of the board, and 
cover smooth. Then turn over tbe board and pro¬ 
ceed os before. This will leave tbe beds in very 
nice oi der. Two years ago I planted one bushel of 
small potato onions, and they produced 12 bushels 
of large ones. Boys, try this, it pays well.—S. 
Wakelee, Rochester, IV. Y., March, 1857. 
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