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TWO DOLLARS A TEAR.] 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WKEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABI.B CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
notmng, bat because they were not worked. The 
farmer himself has labored as hard as any one 
ought, perhaps too hard, hut what is one man on 
a hundred acres. He cannot amend soils; cannot 
half cultivate those good by nature; cannot gather 
materials for manure nor find money to buy them. 
If he had cultivated ten acres well with his own 
hand, or if he had put through a hundred acreB 
with the help of fonr men, (live men can do about 
as well with a hundred iu res as one can with teD,) 
it would have been otherwise In the first place 
he might have had a little to sell; and in thelatter 
he could have shown an improved farm, at least. 
Land well cultivated pays better than land run 
over. It is true that “ more labor or less land « is 
wanted. 
But which is it—more labor, or less land? The 
first, beyond question, if circumstances favor the 
enterprise. You cannot afford, for a small farm, 
the variety and excellence of implements that are 
requisite to a good and profitable production of 
crops. The best implements — bnildings ample 
and convenient — cheapen the cost of Drodnction 
_ Tits RVfut, .Ncw-Yokkeu in degjgucd to tio iinsqrpasscd in 
"Valne, Purity, Unerulncim and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance, Its Conductor devotee I,is per¬ 
sonal attention to tlio supervision of ita various departments, 
and earnestly Inborn to teuder thrt RcK.ii, nn eminently Reliable 
Guido on tlio important Practical, SoinnlMo and other Subjects 
intimately connected with tli# business of those whose Interests 
It lottlmndy advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and Now, Matter, 
inters period with ooproprintn and bountiful Kitcravlngs, toon 
any otiler Journal,■ rendering it tho most complete AcnucuL- 
tujla!,, I.iTCH.tRr i.vn Faun.r .Iourn-.m, tn America. 
13^ All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D, D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N Y 
I OR Terms, and other particulars, see last page. 
GOTHIC FARM G’OTTAGT 
me outtery, nursery, and back chambers; and both 
kinds of water are obtained at the door—rain 
water in the sink ind well water at the end of the 
stoop. There is what should never be omitted in 
a dwelling house—a good bathing-room. 
“ This house is built in the most substantial 
manner. The outside is covered with inch hoards 
matched, and the joints battened with three-inch 
ROOT CROPS.—TURNIPS. 
There are many varieties of turnips cultivated 
by our farmers, but general experience has given 
the preference to two kinds with their sub-varie¬ 
ties—for Btoek feeding the Rnta-Baga or Swedish 
turnip—for table use the Flat English. Of the 
former Laing’s Improved is deemed number one 
by many—others choose Stirring’s Purple Top.— 
I-or table uiso an early and a late variety ought to 
be sown—for the former purpose we would re¬ 
commend the Early Stubble, for the latter the 
Green t.lobe or Norfolk variety. In the choice of 
varieties, however, each cultivator must exercise 
his own judgment as to which will give him the 
greatest return—the most nutriment per acre and 
at the least oost-in fact, which for the purposes to 
which it is to be devoted.wiU pay the best. 
The true tnruip soil is a deep sand or sandy loam. 
Clayey or compact soils are not suited to iti profit¬ 
able production, neither sre damp, heavy lands.— 
For the culture of the Swede the best is that from 
which corn or wheat was taken, though many, on 
account of the large yield more usually obtained 
therefrom, prefer sward land, or clover ley. To 
this latter, before plowing, a heavy dressing ol 
fresh unfermented manure should be applied. Be 
the landwbat it may, without it is in good condition, 
the difficulties with which the farmer has to con- 
I ed to them. Its foundation must be 
; la 'd in the earth, and long, straight I_ 
sides must be avoided, 83 very broad 
ends should be. For instance, a bouse 
is required 25 by 32 feet,—that is about 
the common size,—and a st- ep roof is 1 
wanted, say a half pitch, which would g 
I give a roof 124 feet high; and with the I 
projection of the eaves, would make I 3 
| the rafters about 20 feet long. This I 
would seem to weigh down on the sides J 
of the house so heavy that it would be 
I painful for the eye to rest upon; and | ' V 
yet such houses are being built and 14 j 
called Gothic ! The arrangement of ■ j 
the windows, too, is very important, and J 
no pleasing effect can be prodneed with *< 
I ‘he common factory sash in such J 
houses. If they are beautiful at all, it 
is the beauty of outline rather than In 
detail, of costly work, which of course " 
must be subordinate to the general plan. 
"But to my plm. I will describe it, 
not claiming perfection, of course. The 
parlor an-l dining-room may be consid¬ 
ered the main part of the house, 16 
by 33 feet on the ground, and 16 feet 
high. The front hall is 9 by 15 feet, and 
1(> high. The nursery and bed-room 
are only 9 feet high. The end of the bed-room 
forms a bay-window, which in external appearance 
is very pleasing. The kitchen is 11 feet high, (it 
ahonbl have been 1C.) You will observe that each 
room is square, and the parlor and dining-room 
33 feet long, yet the longest horizontal part of the 
roof exposed is 9 feet. 
“lathe internal arrangement, the dining or liv¬ 
ing room should be first considered. It is 16 by 
17 feet, and is connected with the parlor by sliding 
doors, making, as before said, a room 16 by 33 feet, 
as occasion may require. The nursery, kitchen] 
buttery, and tront hall, each opens to this room, as 
will be seen by reference to tho ground plan. The 
kitchen is very convenient for doine honse work- 
DEEP TILLAGE AND DRAINAGE 
ueciareu mat, tr tne sou was worked to a proper 
depth, and well pulverized, nothing more was ne¬ 
cessary to secure good crops for an indefinite 
time. Under these circumstances he thought- 
manure would not be required. This opin¬ 
ion is not true, as every crop takes from the soil a 
large amount of fertilizing matter, which should be 
returned in some way; and the larger the crops 
the more of these elements of fertility are extract¬ 
ed. \Ve have, however, seen lands that were con¬ 
sidered exhausted, reclaimed and bear good crops 
for a number of years, simply by deep tillage. By 
breaking np and pulverizing the fresh subsoil, the 
free access of air and moistare is secured, the sur¬ 
face soil gradnally mixes with it, and the hungry 
roots of growing crops permeate it in search of 
their proper food. The good effects of deep till¬ 
age are perhaps more apparent during a drouth 
than at any other time. The more shallow the 
culture, the more the crop sutlers from drouth, and 
this is particularly the case where the surface soil 
is stiff. When the surface of a deeply pulverized 
soil becomes dry from the effects of snn and wind, 
the water arises from below by capillary attraction 
furnishing tho plants with a constant and needed 
supply. We have seen this particularly exhibited 
in corn—that on shallow ground having the leaves 
rolled, and evidently suffering from drouth, while , 
that on a deeply pulverised soil, in other respects 
exactly similar, seemed well supplied with moist¬ 
ure. The effects of deep tillage in garden culture 
are very striking. A grass lawn, where the ground 
has only been pulverized a few inches, during the 
hot months of summer will be dry and blown; if I 
the soil is trenched two feet deep, it will be green 
every day during the summer, 
LESS LAND OR MORE LABOR! 
" Is 5t that we want less land or more labor?" 
asks Prof. J. A. Nash of the New England Farmer. 
In a review of our former article on this subject, 
the Prol. enters into a further discussion of the 
question, bnt his remarks occupy too much space 
for our columns. Wc will try to give a brief idea 
of the argument. 
It is the nature of land to be productive, whether 
cultivated or uncultivated, but tho value of its 
products depends upon their uses to man. An 
acre of wood is very valuable near a large citv; 
it is worth nothing on the Rocky Mountains. It 
is the province of Agriculture to make land pro¬ 
duce the greatest value, in demand, above the cost 
of production, or the greatest profit. To do this 
there must be the requisite proportion between 
capital and labor. 
A hundred acres of high-priced laud, with one 
man’s work put upon it, is, in great part at least, 
so nint h dead capital. Its products will not pay 
the interest on tho investment. Its capabilities 
are not drawn out—they are unused and profitless. 
It is the same as though a shoemaker should build 
a shop oue hundred feet long, and then alone oc¬ 
cupy a few feet space in ono corner. It is as if a 
GROUND PLAN. 
strips 1-4 inches in thickness. The glass of the 
doable windows is 3 by 16 inches, two wide in each 
sash. The cost of the whole building will not 
vaty much from $1,500; but that would depend 
upon the finish. The only difference in the cost of 
such a house and a plain one equally well finished, 
is in the work, the material being about the same. 
The end I claim to have accomplished is the pro¬ 
duction of a neat, compact, convenient dwelling.” 
Explanation.—1, Veranda, 2, Front Hall. 3, 
Living Koom. 4, Parlor. 5, Kitchen. 6, Nurse¬ 
ry. 7, Parlor Bed Room. S, Wood House. 9, 
Platform. 10, Bathing Room. 11, Stoop. 12,13, 
A strawberry bed 
on a stiff soil, with only a few inches of surface 
pulverized, will he dried up in a hot-, dry time in 
summer, oftentimes with the blossoms and fruit on 
the plants, while in a similar soil, deeply pulver- 
j bn-’d, the plants will grow vigorously, and perfect 
' tho fruit. 
lu the Report of the Massachusetts Board of 
Agriculture, we notice several experiments, made 
by careful aud reliable men. George Dickinson, 
of Hampshire county, “broke up a meadow and 
planted it with corn. Eight rows were subsoiled, 
and otherwise all were treated alike. At harvest¬ 
ing, each eight rows were staked by thtiuselves 
and measured separately, and the product was as 
follows: 
The east row gave.61 51-66 bushels. 
Middle row gave ..48 51-56 “ 
West row, subsoiled, gave__57 3S-59 »* 
This pan of the lot has not been considered so 
good as the remainder, so that, if there is no mis¬ 
take in measuring the corn, there was a decided 
benefit resulting from the use of the subsoil plow.” 
Albert Montague, of the same county, sub. 
soiled for broom com, and produced from 150 to 
200 more pounds of husk to the acre than where 
the ground was not sabsoiled. He also subsoiled 
a piece of land three years since and planted it 
with corn. He says “the same ouantrioof 
me track” is not only laid, but the “rolling 
stock" is provided and kept in motion. 
A thousand acres of wild land might support an 
Indian hunter and his family. Set a thousand 
strong men to work on these acres, one man to 
each, and the whole would shortly he cleared, 
drained, fenced, and cultivated—the whole would 
soon be a garden. Instead of feediug one lone 
family, it would yield food for ten thousand per¬ 
sons Bnt all this would involve a large outlay 
Tetrthousaad dollars a day is a large sum to pay 
for labor, and might not prove profitable. There 
might be other work which would produce n bet- 
tho. season, aud the coru crop was no better upon 
the subsoil than upon the part not sabsoiled. I 
sowed grass seed at the last hoeing. I have mown 
it for two years past, and each crop of grass has 
been much the best upon the par; subsoiled, being, 
I think, nearly a tun more to the acre.’’ Several 
other experiments we have of late seen reported, 
some of ^vvhich go to show great benefits resulting 
from dee’p tillage, while others have exhibited a 
somewhat different result. 
One reason why satisfactory results are not pro¬ 
duced by subsoiling, in some cases, is that the 
land requires draining, for which deep tillage is 
not a substitute. Judgment of course, most be 
used in this, as in all other operations. Where the 
subsoil is loose and leachy, either from the pres¬ 
ence of gravel or sand, subsoiling would be of no 
benefit, and might in some cases be a positive in¬ 
jury ; but where the subsoil is a still clay, or hard- 
pau. deep tillage is ot the greatest benefit. Where 
the hard-pan is thin, the subsoil plow T will break it 
up, and allow the water to pass through, bnt with 
a deep subsoil impervious to water, thorough dram -1 
ing is necessary. On this subject we will give an 
article in the next number. 
Messrs. Eds. :—In the Rural of 18th ult. “ ’Hiel” 
has an article on “Spontaneous Production,” in 
which he relates some facts in reference to the 
sudden appearance of white clover in places where 
| his'father burned brash heaps, and he seems to in¬ 
timate that the clover was the result of “sponta¬ 
neous production,” or, in other wovdst the clover 
sprang from some other source than from seed._ 
But sneh an idea, we think, is erroneous. From 
observation, and many well attested facts that we 
havo read, we believe there is no doubt *• that plant 
seeds may lie dormant for thousands of pears, and 
then suddenly spring into life.” 
To multiply and replenish the earth was one of 
the early commands of Infinite Wisdom, but to 
fulfill that command certain conditions are neces¬ 
sary, in both the animal and vegetable world. The 
different kinds of plants, when left to themselves, 
always flourish best in those particular soils, and 
under those conditions best adapted to their per¬ 
fect growth and the full development of their 
varied parts. 
Afore than twenty years ago, a farmer in this 
town was draining a large swamp, and he hauled 
to me a cart load of muck, taken from the bottom 
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