ALaiZV 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS, 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
■*» ORIGINAL WEEKLT 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS, 
upon the supplies, and greatly exhausted the pro¬ 
ducts of agriculture. The drouths which have 
prevailed for two or three years past have also 
materially lessened the production — especially 
where deep plowing and drainage were neglected, as 
they are, we regret to say, by the great mass of 
farmers in all sections of the country. Under- 
draining, deep plowiug, and the discriminating use 
of domestic manures and fertilizers are of vital and 
increasing importance, while irrigation will prove 
a profitable investment in many localities. These 
essentials are mentioned suggestively, however 
still better. Burnt clay and dry peaty mold, re¬ 
moves the disagreable smell to some extent.— 
Sulphate of iron, is an excellent deodorizer fixing 
the volatile ammonia; and being cheap and readi¬ 
ly obtained, is peculiarly valnatde for this purpose. 
Lime is sometimes used, and effectualy removes 
the odor, but lessens the value of the manure, as 
it expels the ammonia. Gypsum isofteu made use 
of, but with little success, as while doingno injury, 
it fails as a deodorizer. 
In Flanders, where night-soil is more systemati¬ 
cally preserved than in any other country, it is 
generally used in a liquid form. Water is applied 
until it is of such a consistency that it can be ap¬ 
plied to the land with the liquid manure cart. In 
the same form it is used by the extensive market 
gardeners in the neighborhood of London, and 
with surprising effect. Ihis is, by no means, a de¬ 
lightful operation, but all agree that it is highly 
profitable. 
In the neighborhood of the larger cities of 
Europe, and in New York, night-soil is dried and 
manufactured into a portable manure which is sold 
generally under the name of Pondreue. Like ail 
other manufactured manures, poudrette is rather 
unreliable. Ita value varies according to the dif¬ 
ferent modes of preparation, and from the various 
substances with which it is mixed in the process 
drying and deodorizing. If it is deodorized with 
sulphate of iron, or even with the necessary char¬ 
coal, it is of course exceedingly valuable, but its 
bulk and weight can he easily doubled by the ad¬ 
dition of muck, or coal ashes, or an extra quantity 
of charcoal, so that nothing but an analysis or ex¬ 
periments can determinate us value to the agri- 
culturist, 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS ■ 
ewkt, t c. peters, 
MAURY, H T. BROOKS, 
A FITCH, ETVD. WEBSTER, 
ARTHUR, Mica M. J. HOLMES, 
LYMAN B. LANOWOKTHY. 
Tb* jCurax -Vbw-Vorjcicr ia tlehigned to be nneurpBosed in 
Value, Purity, Uacfulnesx and Variety of ConntuM, atid unique 
and beautiful in A|i|icarauce. Jto Conductor devotes his pi;r- 
soual uttontion to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently Reliable 
Onldn on the important Practical, Scientific and other Subjects 
Intimately connected with the business of those whoso internets 
It tealotisly advocates. It embraces more Airrfeullnrat. Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, 
Interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Eneruvlngs, than 
any other Jnnmnl,— rendering It the most entnploto Agricul¬ 
tural. Liteiurt and Family Journal in Amoricx. 
Cy Ail commuidcaliniiK. and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. I). T, MOORE, Rochester, N. Y 
For Terms, amt other particulars, see last page. 
proper elucidation as of great importance to the 
agiieulturulcommunity—as matters which demand 
tree discussion in the Agricultural journals. 
Spring Work on the Farm i.t not only a 
•‘timely topic” just now, but one which requires 
decided action .—for it demands both mental and 
physical system and labor to property accomplish 
what must necessarily be performed in a limited 
period. The present and prospective prices in¬ 
dicate that labor and good culture will nrove high¬ 
ly remunerative. The appearance of' the wheat 
crop, here aud iu distant localities, is not generally 
favorable, and hence much depends upon the crops 
yet to t.e planted and grown. Head as well us 
hand work must he brought into requisition, for it 
is often more difficult to decide i chat and ’how iv 
thing is to be done, than to perform the manual 
lafor. First decide what can be done most ad¬ 
vantageously, and then do it in the most thorough 
manner, for what is worth doing at all is worth do 
mg well. Deep plowing is a good, permanent in¬ 
vestment, and thorough vulture pays a correspond¬ 
ing dividend, Asa gcueral thing the best seeds 
and implements, good teams, intelligent operators, 
and a systematic and orderly captain who knows 
how to and act “Come, Boys,” are the essen¬ 
tial requisites for properly opeuing the Spring 
Campaign and producing profitable results iu 
Climatology is annually becom 
greater importance —more and i 
special and profound consideration, 
ness of the seasons—the extensb 
d more worthy of 
--J. The variable- 
m of Winter snows 
| and frosts into Spring, and the postponement (“on 
account of the weather”) of the genial and vege- 
I tatiou-rejuvenatiag sun and atmosphere of old- 
\ time Springs until the Almanac announces the ad¬ 
vent, or Summer—the early arrival of the advance- 
guard of old Boreas iu Fall, and the 
goose, as the crow of the shanghai is from that of 
the common dunghill cock, or the screechings at 
the opera from the music of the bobolink. Like 
munv other gppso, they make a great noise in the 
world, and no one can come near them, but they 
get op an almost deafening clatter, endeavoring to 
make up in noise what they lack in seose. They 
h t\p, like some other conceited ones of their kind, 
succeeded in making some tender headed and 
kind hearted naturalists believe that they are 
something more than geese, and Willoughby and 
Bewick call them Swan-Geese, just as some men 
are called Grntiemeei-Fitrmers. Cuvier went a 
little further than this, and dropping the goose al¬ 
together, called them Swans. Bat, after all, they 
are nothing but geese, as is now generally acknowl¬ 
edged, and with a very poor chaoee of rising in the 
world, as their wings are so small in proportiou to 
the size of the body, that it is with difficulty they 
can even get out of the way of unruly dogs. 
Dried night-soil contains from 4 to 5 
per cent, of nitrogen, yet the poudrette generally 
sold in La rope, contains but from i.j to per 
cent. Wo do not know that a reliable analysis has 
been made of poudrette manufactured and sold in 
this country. In China, night-soil is mixed with 
clayand formed into cakes, which, when dried are 
sold under the name of taffo. This manure is much 
esteemed by the Chinese, and is quite tui article of 
commerce. 
This is a subject of so much importance that it 
deserves the attention of every student who is 
investigating the character of manures and their 
comparative value ; and of every fanner who 
wishes to increase the value of his manure heap, 
and thereby the products of his farm. 
appears proud ol the distinction. A fall-grown gfin- 
der ia eood condition, will weigh from twenty to 
twenty-five pounds. They are noble in their ap¬ 
pearance, and are considered by all poultry fan¬ 
ciers, as genteel, good-looking birds; but ihey 
have a swaggering gait and a cousequontal air that 
they. like other foolish geese, seem to think quite 
dignified. They have never been naturalized, and 
thus become a part and parcel of our great coun¬ 
try. but put on a good many foreign airs, such as 
refusing to associate with common geese, never 
having learned, that in this land of liberty, a large 
goose is no better than a small one, particularly 
on election days. Their voice is deep, coarse and 
. - consequent 
diminution of both the Alpha and Omega of the 
I season boretolore alloted to our promised seed 
time and harvest—are certainly timely and appre¬ 
ciable topics over a iarge extent or country. The 
people of Western New York, and especially the 
cultivators of its naturally rich and fertile*soil, 
are largely interested in these changes of seasons 
and climate, Tor they involve items of consider¬ 
able moment, and which materially affect both 
their physical comfort and pecuniary prosperity. 
The variations of our climate, and the prevalence 
of destructive insects ol late years (such os the 
wheat midge, or weevil,) are necessarily leading to 
important, changes in our crops and systems of 
tillage and farm husbandry; and they are creating 
a demand for light and knowledge founded upon 
intelligent investigation, close study, and careful 
experiment. We may over-estimate the import¬ 
ance of this subject, but believe it Is of great and 
increasing magnitude to the farmers of this and 
other regions affected by changes of climate and 
production—the result of protracted cold, moist¬ 
ure, or drouth, and, in some seasons, each in suc¬ 
cession. It is unnecessary to give data to convince 
the intelligent reader of the vast change or changes 
which have occurred within the last decade, for 
the contrast ia so groat and striking in many re¬ 
spects that comparative facts aud figures would 
prove entirely superfluous. Neither will we here 
stop to inquire the causes of the changes in our 
seasons and temperature, so observable and mate¬ 
rial of late years. The important practical ques¬ 
tion is, whether we are prepared to successfully 
prosecute the varied operations of Agriculture and 
Horticulture, with as great certainty and profit as 
heretofore. The changes meutioued involve a 
divergence from the beaten track—a different ays- 
tern of culture in some respects, and a resort to 
different crops, without placing our chief reliance 
upon a single, and now uncertain, staple product. 
It long winters, short summers, severe drouths, 
and destructive insects, are to continue and pre¬ 
vail. it is full time for the cultivators of this and 
tunny hitherto highly favored regions of the great 
and prolific West, to arouse to the necessity of a 
corresponding change in their systems—to discuss, 
experiment and adopt such crops and modes of 
culture as nre best adapted to their new circum¬ 
stances. and which will enable them to maintain a 
progressive posltkm, For instance, if Wheat will 
no longer pay in Western New York, let it beabun- 
doned aud other grains and the grasses be substi¬ 
tuted—a mixed husbandry, iDeluding increased 
attention to grazing, dairy ing, the breeding of ini- 
proved stock, and trait growing. The trite ttdnge 
about having “too rnanv irnn« tn ib« «i»'i 
ROADS: 
The Right Materials, Side- Walks, Sjiow-Paths, Spc. 
The natural depravity of the human heartshows 
itself very conspicuously iu the management of 
roads —no reference to “ under-ground ” roads is 
here intended. Conscience and the salutary re¬ 
straints ot public sentiment will keep a man toler¬ 
ably straight when he packs his pork and hutter lor 
sale, and are even known to have exercised some 
but when you come to 
Ens. Rural:— For some time past I have thought 
that au article on the subject of growing corn 
might not be amiss or unprofitable at this season 
of the-year, when farmers, after so tong and hard 
a winter as the o ,e we have jnst experienced, are 
naturally casting about tberu for a crop that wi.l 
carry them safely through coming winters, with¬ 
out the almost universal ory that we now hear— 
“Short ot fodder.” In my rambles iu this and the 
adjoining counties, for the last few years, I have 
been particularly struck with the many fields of 
small corn, not yielding more than from 20 to 25 
bushels to the acre, and many fields in my own 
town and neighborhood, within the last two years, 
—the one a very wet aDd the other a dry one_ 
would scarcely give 15 bushels of sound corn to 
the acre. At first I was sadly puzzled to account 
for such poor crops of this valuable grain. My 
first thought, was to look into the Rural, and other 
agricultural journals, to see if their editors and 
correspondents had done their duty in urging up¬ 
on farmers the importance of this almost indis¬ 
pensable crop, and the best method of preparing 
the soil for planting and its after culture. I truly 
thought there was great remissness ou the part of 
conductors of agricultural journals, or there would 
not be seeu ia almost all parts of this once fer ile and 
productive “Genesee country” such meagre crops 
of com. But to my great surprise, I found in ev¬ 
ery volume of your faithful journal many able and 
truly practical articles from your own pen, besides 
uumerous and excellent contributions from your 
mauv correspondents, whose directions, if follow¬ 
ed, would take the complaint of •- small corn” from 
every farmer’s lips, and leave him in the agrees 1 le 
predicament of one of my good neighbors who 
cultivates his fields well, aud who said ho had no 
‘•pig corn,’’aud must swap and get some for his pigs 
of his careless neighbors who had it. And now, 
Mr. Editor, since you have stolen the march of 
me, aud done the work of which I am very happy 
to be r< lived, 1 will content myself withgiviugmy 
experience and practice iu cultivating this valua¬ 
ble grain, and urge upon my brother farmers more 
attention than formerly to this crop, especially 
since the partial failure of wheat among ns. That 
the corn crop is one one of the most valuable und 
l might say indispensable crops of the farmer for 
feeding, or one that gives him a stronger assurance 
and guarantee against want of fodder in the win- 
NIGHT-SOUL 
It is a well-known fact that manure is valuable 
in proportiou to the value of the lood consumed 
The manure from the fowl is more valuable than 
that from the ox, because the fowl feeds on more 
highly concentrated food, being principally grain 
and llesh. The food of man, whether from the 
animal or vegetable kingdom, is generally highly 
concentrated, containing more nitrogen!zed mat 
ter, and inorganic salts than the food upon which 
most of onr domestic animals subsist. It is, there¬ 
fore, apparent, that, human excrements are more 
valuable for agricultural purposes than those of 
animals. Of their comparative valne, many esti¬ 
mates have been made, and we might give several 
analyses; none, however, place it lower than double 
that of the horse, sheep or pig. 
It is a tact no less striking than true, that nine- 
tenths or this valuable fertilizer, worth millions of 
dollars annually, Is lost to the world, while millions 
ot dollars are spent for guano to make up for this 
waste. Wo are not surprised that this subject has 
attracted the attention of tne renders of the Ri k a l, 
and that we have before us several letters inquir¬ 
ing the best method of preparing this substance 
lor use. i ho disagreeable odor of night soil is 
the reason why its use has not been more general 
an ! confined it almost entirely to those countries 
wthe n t ed of fertilizers is more seriously felt, 
and their value better appreciated than here. To 
get. rid of this odor, so as to make its use tolerable 
influence in a horse trade. 
roads it would seem as though Pandora's box was 
open and every plague let loose upon us without 
stint or measure. A “ pathmaster ” is a sort of 
autocrat for whose “ impeachment'' the constitution 
forgot to provide, when it looked out for scaly 
Presidents. One of these fhuetionaries in our vi¬ 
cinity, in broad daylight, and without any provo¬ 
cation that I am aware of, converted a .wm-decent 
roud into a reservoir of mud and water whose iu- 
s Tutlble und dangerous depths engulphed me one 
day on my way to church. If highway robbery 
was in vogue in onr vicinity, I should think this a 
place to catch folks; in justice, l will state, how¬ 
ever, that no body demanded my money while I 
was in there, hut l lost an excellent sermon by my 
friend Wood, which, iu the opinion of judicious 
friends, was worth more than all the cash I had 
about me—so I was ns bad as robbed after all. 
This awful chasm, like British taxation and ju¬ 
dicial murder iu Austrian Hungary, was got np 
under the pleu of promoting the public good! It 
was pretended that, the gutters by the side of the 
road wanted clearing oiu—suppose they did, was 
there no place on the wide earth where yon could 
put the muck and day that came out of them ex¬ 
cept right in the public highway where innocent 
people have pi travel? Everybody is supposed to 
know what eflfeet a shower will have on these sub¬ 
stances, and showers never omit to come in autumn 
or before. 
Instances are by no means rare where roads that 
have been consolidated by longcoutinued use,and 
improved by repeated applications of gravel, un¬ 
der some new administration are torn up from the 
bottom or buried completely by the softest sub¬ 
stances obtainable (the operator himself excepted.) 
There are places where, to get above water, or for 
other reasons, it may be best to throw up anembank- 
tnent with whatever earth is at hand, this should 
be douo on the start, and if the material used is 
not good, the whole should be covered with good 
gravel, or with stoues and gravel combined. The 
use of poor materials occasions the UiS 3 of at least 
..m.M.o.mm.n,.. 
