:'vv» 
'VWV'WVliHM 
rWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
MENT 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS, 
SATURDAY, MAY S3. 1857 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
•AX ORIGIN At. WEEKLY 
Agncultoral, Literary and Family Newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS! 
EWEY, T C. PETERS, 
MAURY, H T. BROOKS, 
A FITCH, EWD. WEBSTER, 
ARTHUR, MR3. M. ,T. HOLMES, 
LYMAN B. LANGWOKTHY. 
-MOWEK aANTD RE.A.EEI? 
l Reapers are becoming, with all heretofore 
rtners, nearly indispensable as ap- 
saving implements. The number 
the public is somewhat extensive, 
in is made that they are not sascep- 
ation and improvement, 
swith an illustration and brief de- 
anford's Improved Patent Double- 
aud Reaper.' which, though oom- 
‘ known j- Western New York, has 
ensively and satisfactorily used in 
States, where it originated and has 
drained by it received from the sea; the rest is progressive f 
merely the same water lifted op and rained down proved labor 
again and again. already before 
Minnesota probably sends leas of her rains to the though no cla 
sea than one-seventh. Instead of alio wing the rain- tiblo of tnoditi 
water to run oil, these lakes collect it, and spread We give hm 
it out in silver sheets for the breeze to play upon 
and for the sunbeam to dance upon, while his 
beaten rays ancti up Ho.j.Iy ooro-ine anJ iMirnmer 
showers from the cooling ripples. In the valley of 
the Amazon it rains regularly every afternoon be¬ 
tween 2 and 3 o’clock. But the summer rains of 
Minnesota do not commence generally until after 
night-fall. After sunset in summer the tempera¬ 
ture tails rapidly in Minnesota, so as to make a 
blanket comfortable while sleeping—and to this 
decrease of temperature perhaps may be attributed 
the night rains. 
The Winter temperature of Minnesota is more 
severe than that of any State in the Union—at 
least thermo metrically speaking it is, according to 
the “Array Meteorological Register.” Eastern 
Nebraska is colder still, but Western Nebraska is 
much warmer. Indeed the temperature of its 
Piedmont region, though lying much farther North 
is not more severe than an Ohio winter. 
This is a suggestive feature in the climate of the 
West,—and one wnieh is destined to have nntold 
bearings upon the industrial pursuits of its future 
inhabitants. It is a striking fact that traveling up 
the Missouri from Council Blurts, and ascending 
the \ ellow Stone, in Winter, yon come to a warm¬ 
er and warmer country, though you may have 
changed your latitude some six or eight degrees. 
I he coldest, part of the country uot mountainous_ 
been manufactured. Of its mode of 
operation and construction the manufacturers say: 
The cutting apparatus is different from that of 
any other machine, having two sickles instead of 
•me, worked in opposite directions by means of a 
double crank, thus securing the direct cut and ac¬ 
tion of perfect shears. This secures to the ma¬ 
chine a double advantage in cutting, and to this 
peculiarity we are indebted for the remarkably 
light draught and slow motion necessary to cut 
gras> or grain in any condition. I'he frame and 
machine, are made of iron and steel in the most 
substantial manner. It works with a loose tongue, 
and can be easily turned aad backed to suit con¬ 
venience. It has no side draught, and cannot be 
clogged in any condition of grass or grain.' 7 
These machines lor New York are manufactur¬ 
ed by R. C. Munson A Co.. East Bloomfield, N. Y., 
whose general agent for the sale thereof is G. W. 
Barton, Hemlock Lake, N. Y. For farther infor¬ 
mation. reference may be had to their advertise¬ 
ment, which will be found in the appropriate de¬ 
partment of this paper. 
ue opinions of English agriculturists as to the 
valne of bone manure, farther proof will not he 
necessary. A more important question is the man¬ 
ner of preparation. 
Bones are prepared for use by simply breaking 
with an axe or sledge, breaking, and grinding, and 
burning. This is a slow and difficult business lor 
the tanner, and to obviate this a machine was in¬ 
vented in England tor breaking up the bones by 
horse power, which traveled a-s wanted from farm 
to Lirm, breaking bones at a certain price per 
bushel, as is done by threshing machines. Of late 
years mills have been erected with powerful ma¬ 
chinery for crushing hones, and the manufacturer 
bays bones in the rough state, the farmer purchas¬ 
ing them, prepared, and of different sizes, from 
dust to half inch pieces. The liner the bones are 
pulverized the more speedy their effects, as when 
large they dissolve bat slowly, and the first crop 
has only a partial benefit, lu this case the good | 
effects of the manure are seen for several vears. 
The most approved method of nai ?Y tt imnoa 
diate benefit from its use. Two parts of water and 
one oi sulphuric acid are used. The bones are 
placed in a heap, and the water and acid applied, 
when the whole is stirred so that all may be affect¬ 
ed by the acid. 
It is true, that onr climate is not well adapted to 
turnip culture, as generally at the time lor plant¬ 
ing we have hot, dry weather, that is unfavorable 
to the germination of the seed; and the fly is ex¬ 
ceedingly troublesome, often destroying the whole 
of several sowings almost as soon as the plants 
appear. In this country, too, the clover crop is a 
most invaluable aid in improving poor, light soils, 
and in this respect takes, to some extent,the place 
of ihe Eoglisn turnip crop. With clover seed and 
plaster the farmer has the means of resuscitating 
cheaply and erteetually the most unpromising soil. 
Bone manure, therefore, will not prove as valuable 
to American farmers as to their English brethren; 
yet it is well worthy onr attention. The Ruta 
Rugn can be grown in onr climate very success¬ 
fully, and planted any time between the first and 
fifteenth of June, seldom fails of producing a 
highly remunerating crop, especially if manured 
with bone dust We hope manv of onr ren.,Wa 
i-et us take Minnesota as the first in order. It 
lies between the parallels of Li 1 ? 30' and •19°.00‘ 
North, ami according to estimate, the State of Min¬ 
nesota will contain an area of not less than sO.OOO 
square miles, equal to .51,000,000 acres. The cen¬ 
sus of 1850 shows that the quantity of land owned 
in the United States, by individuals, is at the ave¬ 
rage between 12 and 13 acres to the individual; at 
this rate Minnesota has laud enough for 4,000,000 
o rceraen, at, the present national lan.l-loving 
average. With the pro-rata population of New 
1 ork, she offers homes to more than fly® miliious 
of people. 
The average annual precipitation in this terri- 
tory .s-exeh.sive of dew-about 26 inches for the 
whote terntoy, of which 10 fall in Summer and 2 
in \v inter. Of coarse then the ..... 
Perhaps 
no one thing has done as much for the 
improvement of British Agriculture as the use of 
bones for manure. Its beneficial effects are seen 
m the improved appearance of many parts of the 
country, and land that was once noted for its ste¬ 
rility is now known and celebrated for its produc¬ 
tiveness. Writing of this subject, an English 
author remarks, u the worthless rabbit-warren, the 
desolate wastes, the pathless heath, and the gorse 
lands of Lincolnshire are now example lands of 
English agriculture.” Another says:—“ Amongst 
the many improvements in agriculture which mod¬ 
ern practice has adopted, there is none of higher 
importance thun the introduction of bones as a 
field manure. It is quite possible that many who 
looked with admiration on the achievements of 
industry in every branch, and have marked with 
satisiaction the immense increase in the produc¬ 
tion of huniAu food which has taken place within 
the last titty years—an increase that has been tre¬ 
bled in the space ot time that population has 
doubled, and who have noted the augmented value 
of property, the improved condition of the laborer, 
and the extended field for enterprise, skill and 
capital which the occupation of the farmer now 
affords, will overlook the fact that the use of bone 
manure has been one chief mean bv which all thi* 
L .ic (rang is composed entirely of iron, except 
tae pole, aDd is easily adjusted to carry the plows 
any desired depth in the ground, from two to six 
inches. It has been in use for the past two years, 
and wherever introduced is acknowledged to be 
the best implement for the purpose designed, and 
will perform more tmr.fr with lets potter than any 
similar one in use. It can be guided, backed, or 
turned with as much ease as a common buggy, the 
wheels carrying the plowB clear from the ground 
when desired,—and by means of the wheels the 
plows are readily guaged to cut any desired depth. 
This plow is designed for all kinds of cross-plow¬ 
ing or summer fallow; also for plowing com, oat 
and barley stubble, and fitting laud for seed gene¬ 
rally,—and iB the best implement in use for cover- 
. .. 
