AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER 
TBEES FOR STREET AND LAWN 
A recent English invention consists or matches 
made of sulphnr and nitre only, without any phos¬ 
phorus, while the phosphorus is applied to the sand 
paper, with which the matches are ignited. In 
order to render the matches water-proof, the fol¬ 
lowing composition is nsed “ Six grains of col- 
ophorium are boiled in four grains of spirits of 
turpentine, and allowed to cool. In a retort, are 
separately heated to abont one hundred and twen¬ 
ty-two degrees Fahreinheit, eight ounces of water, 
twelve grains of red-lead, zinc-white, or some other 
like color, and one grain of phosphorus—the whole 
is well stirred, and when removed from the fire 
the stirring is continued until it is cool; the water 
is then separated, and the residuum is mixed with 
the resinous mass,—this mixture being sufficient 
for five hundred matches. The wooden splints for 
matches are manufactured with great rapidity, by 
means of a machine or apparatus having a perfor¬ 
ated metallic plate, with a steel face, strengthened 
by a bell-metal back; the size of the perforations 
depends on that of the desired splints, and are as 
close together as possible, that there may be a 
very small blank apace between them, otherwise 
the plate would afford too great resistance to the 
passage of the wood. By this construction the 
whole area of the block of wood may be com¬ 
pressed laterally into the countersunk openings, 
and forced through the holes, which are slightly 
countersunk to favor the entrance and separation 
of the wooden fibres. 
The planting of ornamental as well as fruit trees 
calls for the exercise of judgment and good taste. 
Elms or Maples would be decidedly out of place 
on a small lawn, as when they bad attained one- 
half their natural size, the whole space would be 
monopolized by one or two of these giants of the 
forest, ft would be equally foolish to plant the 
Mountain Ash or Laburnum, or any similar tree on 
tbe street or avenue, as it would never attain size 
sufficient to afford the needed shade, nor are they 
at all calculated for such an exposed situation.— 
A tree for the street should be of a large size and 
symmetrical growth, with large and abundant foli¬ 
age. It should be of rapid growth, perfectly 
hardy, and able to endure all such hardships as 
paved streets, and knocks and scratches, without 
complaining. We name a few of the besttreesfor 
street- planting. 
The Sugar Maple is one of the very best street 
trees. It possesses all desirable qualities for such 
a position, a beautiful, bright, straight trunk, 
fine head, and full rich foliage. The only objec¬ 
tion to it is its slow growth. 
The Red Maple and tbe Silver Maple, are both 
The foliage is 
‘ Vegetable Kingdom,'[&nd, as a French writer truly 
says, is the queen of them alL It has been vari¬ 
ously called Dicentra, Dielytra and Diclytra. In 
England and in this country it is now almost 
universally written Dielytra 
-We have this 
Much Esteemed Friend Moore 
day observed in the Rural of April 18, a lengthy 
article on the demerits of the Muscadine Grape, 
signed “ Columbia Co.-’ Is it not rather singular 
that a man who has so much knowledge, and 
feels so much for the public welfare and safety, 
against Shaker imposition in selling worthless 
Grape roots, Baid by them to be genuine, when 
they are nothing but a worthless Fox Grape, should 
be ashamed to write or sign his real name to the 
document? As for ua, we shall make no statements 
abont any person, kind of grape, or society of peo¬ 
ple, but what we are witling to meet in our own 
proper names, as our reputation has not yet be¬ 
come very noted (by those beBt acquainted with 
our Society,! for selling basswood encumber seed, 
wooden nutmegs, Batatas, Shanghais, Sorghum 
Saccharatum, (Brown Broom Corn Seed,) or any 
other of the late puffed blow-bubbles, that on trial 
soon vanish like the mnlticanlis, as we find full 
employ to deal in truthful realities instead of fic¬ 
tion. And so far as practicable we have pursned 
the course in respect to this said Muscadine Grape 
of letting every person who has eyes and a mouth 
good trees, and grow very rapidly. 
thiD, as compared with the Sugar Maple, but their 
rapid growth makes them desirable and popular. 
The Norway Maple resembles very much our 
Sugar Maple, and when young is a more beautiful 
tree. It grows slow. 
The Horse Chestnut possesses nearly all the de¬ 
sirable qualities for a street tree. It is clean and 
healthy, with fine foliage and flowers, and a beau¬ 
tiful round bead. It cannot be considered a rapid 
grower, but is easily tvanspanted at almost any age, 
and is in all respects very desirable. 
The American Weeping Elm is one of the most 
graceful of American trees. With proper room for 
its development we know of nothing that equals 
it for a street tree. It is not suitable for narrow 
streets and avenues, on account of its spreading 
and drooping habit. 
The Scotch Elm is the finest of European Elms. 
It makes a crooked growth, and therefore, like the 
American Elm is not suitable for narrow streets. 
The American Linden, or Basswood, is one of 
our best street trees. It is easily grown and trans¬ 
planted, grows freely, and makes a very ornamen¬ 
tal street tree. 
The American White Ash is a noble erect, grace¬ 
ful tree, with beautiful foliage. It grows quite 
rapidly, and bears transplanting well, even when 
of large size. 
The lidip Tree, which is our common White- 
wood, and the Cucumber Tree are unsurpassed by 
any deciduous trees for stateliness of form, glori¬ 
ous green foliage, and beautiful flowers. They are 
all th"t we can ask or hope for. Unfortunately, 
both are very difficult to transplant, especially 
when of a size large enough for street planting.— 
For a large lawn or private avenne where they 
can he transplanted when small, nothing can be 
more desirable. 
The trees for the lawn should be of small size, 
as our lawns in this country are generally of very 
limited extent, of beautiful form, and exhibiting 
as much variety in form, foliage, Ac., as possible. 
They should be perfectly cleaD, free from insects, 
and also free from any offensive smelL No tree 
should be planted that throws up suckers to dis¬ 
figure the lawn. All will recollect what au excite¬ 
ment was raised against the Ailanthus, because it 
offended in these respects. The style of the archi¬ 
tecture of the house, too, should be considered 
when planting. A house in the Gothic style, with 
perpendicular points and lines, requires round- 
headed trees to relieve it, to smooth its harshness, 
as well as exhibit it beauties. Any one can im¬ 
agine how sharp and uncomfortable a Gothic house 
would look, surrounded with pointed trees, like 
the Balsam Fir and the Lombardy Poplar. A 
house in the Italian Btyle with horizontal lines 
requires pointed trees to relieve it, and afford an 
agreeable contrast We often see such houses sur¬ 
rounded with graooful round-headed trees, all ap¬ 
pearing very tame and stupid. A few Norway 
spruces and other pointed trees would change the 
whole character of the place, and give it a bold¬ 
ness and strength, so that the moat casual ob¬ 
server would feel the improvement, without, per¬ 
haps, being able to account for it 
MANUFACTURE OF GOLD COIN, 
In alloying and casting gold into “standard in¬ 
gots,” at the Mint, an alloy is used which consists 
of silver and copper, and is in the proportion of 
one-tenth of the entire mass, namely :—In a given 
weight of 1000 ounces of gold and alloy, 000 are 
pure gold, and 100 alloy—of which alloy, one-tenth 
part is silver, and nine-tenths copper. These 
standard ingots are then assayed, to determine 
their correctness; and are next, subjected to the 
annealing process, that, is, tempering them by beat, 
so as to harden them. The ingots, thus annealed, 
are rolled out, and cut into different sizes, accord¬ 
ing to the denomination ofthe coin wanted. These 
pieces, called “ planchets,” are first cleaned, and 
then put, into the hands of tbe adjusters, who weigh 
each piece separately. Those which are too heavy 
are filed down to the proper weight; and such as 
are too light, being rejected, have to be re-melted. 
The pieces thus adjusted, are passed to the coin¬ 
ing-room to be *' milled," which consists in form¬ 
ing the rims. The pieces having been milled, are 
pat into a tube connected with the press, the 
movements of which, regulated by Bteam power, 
i force the pieces into the proper position for receiv¬ 
ing the impressions on both the upper and lower 
sides, as well as the indentations on the rims, all 
being done by one blow of the press. 
The Dielytra Spectabalis is one of the greatest 
acquisitions that has been to our hardy border 
plants for many years. It is only some twelve 
years since this plant was sent from China to En¬ 
gland by Mr. Fortune, the collector of the London 
Horticultural Society, and now we find it in all I 
parts of our country where we happen to travel— | 
Last summer we saw it beautifully blossoming in i 
the gardens on the broad prairies of Illinois, and 
last week we saw many very fine specimens in the 
gardens at Hoboken, and other places around New 
York. It is truly a plant for the people, easily 
propagated, requiring no extra care or culture, 
and making the garden brilliant by its very grace¬ 
ful blossoms. 
Our engraving shows one raceme of the natural 
size, and when it is remembered that a large plant 
will have from twelve to twenty or more flower 
stalkB, each of them with half a dozen or more ra¬ 
cemes, from which hang suspended so gracefully 
the rosy flowers, the beauty of this plant when in 
perfection, may be imagined, but could hardly be 
described. To see is to admire them. Mr. Barry 
says, “What adds immensely to its value is its entire 
adaptation to either house or garden culture, and 
that it requires only the simplest treatment, out 
doors or in, to ensure perfect success. It is a plant 
for the million. In the garden it is as easily grown as 
a common Pieony, requiring no more than a good, 
deep, rich soil—the richer the better. It Is also 
one of the casieBt of plants to multiply—just as 
easy as a Dahlia. We propagate it exactly in the 
same way, viz., by cuttings of the young sboots> 
taken off in the spring, and placed on a gentle bot¬ 
tom heat Plants struck thus, and bedded out as 
are Verbenas, Petunias, Ac., will bloom finely a 
long time toward the latter part of the season; and 
by these succeding the plants that are allowed to 
remain in the ground, it may be had in blossom 
nearly all summer. It can also be very easily in¬ 
creased by taking up the plants and dividing the 
roots in spring, before it commences to grow. We 
feel confident that it will make an excellent win¬ 
dow or parlor plant. A large plant put into a pot 
or box in October, and kept dry the early part ot 
winter in a cool room, where the temperature will 
be about 48 c , or just above freezing, and then 
brought into a temperate heat about the middle of 
February or first of March, will in a short time be 
a beautiful object We remember seeing In an 
English journal an account of a plant that measured 
upwards of thirty feet in circumference and five 
feet high, with upwards of two hundred perfect 
spikes of blossoms at once. The shoots are succu¬ 
lent, almost transparent, and attain the height of 
two or three feet The leaves are somewhat like 
those of the Pamny in form, and the flowers are 
produced on the young shoots iu bending racemes, 
each having from ten to twenty flowers. These 
arc a brilliant rose color, and In form resemble 
somewhat a small fancy work-bag. The corolla 
Eds. Rural: —T am a “farmer's boy;” I rejoice 
in the fact Certainly I never found more enjoy- , 
ment and comfort, than I do in my present occu¬ 
pation. I am also a constant reader of the Rural, 
and I deem it a privilege,—after your special 
regard for the Young Ruralist,—to ask through 
the columns of your valuable paper, some infor¬ 
mation respecting the culture of the grape. I 
wish to engage in tbe “wiue business,” and would 
desire to be informed as to the soil, management, 
&o., it requires. Can you, or any of your subscri¬ 
bers, give me information as to the above? Please 
let me know in our next paper, some experience as 
to this matter.— Eddy R.. Penfield, .V. Y. 
Remarks. —Almost any soil if drained will do 
for the vines; but if poor it must be very liberally 
manured, and few soils are naturally rich enough, 
for growing a good crop of grapes. In the “ Gar¬ 
den and Orchard' t department of the Rural the 
present year you will find all the information yon 
need about grape culture. In Cincinnati, where 
the Catawba is principally grown for wine, the 
system of pruning and training is different, and 
very similar to that practiced in the wine-growing 
districts of Europe. In a future number we will 
explain this method, as well as the process of 
making wine.-While we are on this subject we 
may as well answer an inquiry whether grapes will 
keep fresh, and the best methods of preserving 
them With proper care grapes may be kept 
near through the winter. The bunches to be 
One of the most ingenious processes for the 
chemical preservation of wood is that of impreg¬ 
nating wood throughout with oil of tar and other 
bitnminous matters containing creosote, and pyro- 
lignite of iron, which holds more creosote in solu¬ 
tion than any other watery menstruum. The wood 
is put into a close Iron tank, like a high pressure 
steam boiler, which is then closed and filled with 
the tar oil or pyrolignite; the air is then exhaust¬ 
ed by air pumps, and afterward more oil or pyro¬ 
lignite is poured in by hydrostatic pump3, until a 
pressure equal to from one hundred to one hun¬ 
dred and fifty pounds to the inch is obtained.— 
This pressure is kept up by the frequent working 
of the pomps during six or seven hours, whereby 
the wood becomes thoroughly saturated with the 
tar oil, or the pyrolignite of iron, and will be found 
to weigh from ten to twelve pounds per cube foot 
heavier than before. The effect produced is that 
of perfectly coagulating the albumen in the sap, 
thus preventing its patrefaction. And the atmos¬ 
pheric action on wood thus prepared renders it 
tougher and infinitely stronger. 
tor several years, minx we nave by no means over¬ 
rated its superiority over any other hardy kinds of 
grape raised, or attempted to be raised in our sec¬ 
tion. Our motto is Truth against Error, without 
any contention, and no backing off the track till 
we see some evidence of our mistake, but as yet 
none hath appeared to our view. We have spent 
much time and mouey in distributing this remark¬ 
able, delicious, early and delicate grape, for all who 
go by their own tasters to judge for themselves, 
and intend still to do it more extensively next fall 
In this we more than fulfil the Golden Rule, by 
doing better by others than we expect them to do 
by us, so tar as letting us taste the fruit before we 
purchase. 
Now, much esteemed friend, please give the fore¬ 
going an insertion ia the columns of your most 
invaluable paper, not as an advertisement, (for at 
present we have no more roots to sell,) but as a re¬ 
joinder to the communication signed “ Columbia 
Co..” as he is an old personal friend of ours. 
Yours, respectfully, J. Lewis, 
P. Stewart. 
New Lebanon, N. Y., May 20,1S57. 
Application of Electricity to the Move¬ 
ments op Machinery.— The following important 
piece of information is from Paris :—“ On the in¬ 
vitation and under tbe auspices of the Emperor of 
the French, Mr. Thomas Allan, of London, has 
come over here to exhibit to a scientific commis¬ 
sion, appointed by the Emperor, an electro-mag¬ 
netic engine of Mr. Allan's invention which solves, 
I am assured, the difficult problem of the applica¬ 
tion of electricity to the movements of machinery. 
Mr. Ailau has received every encouragement from 
his Majesty, and every facility from the Govern¬ 
ment officials. His engines are now at work at the 
engine manufactory of 1L Cail, whither scientific 
men, anxious to test this new motive power, are 
flocking to witness these experiments. Napoleon 
I. was greatly interested in this scientific problem, 
and the present Emperor is not less so, and is, I 
hear, about to order a practical application, as an 
experiment, to a locomotive engine.” 
At this time young trees will be making a vig¬ 
orous start, and tlio cultivator should watch their 
growth, as they will now show the character they 
are about to assume. Young branches that are not 
needed can be pinched off or cut out, and any that 
seem disposed to make a rampant growth, at the 
expense of other shoots may be stopped in their 
progress by pinching off the points. 
In forming 
the branches for the frame-work of a tree, an 
equality of growth should be maintained, and any 
small twiggy branches that are not needed, should 
be taken off The whole strength of the tree will 
be thus nsed where it would benefit, and not wast¬ 
ed by growing useless branches to be cut away the 
next spring. 
Ab the weather becomes warm and dry, if you 
have not already mulched your young trees, it will 
be necessary to do it, without further delay, or 
very likely many will droop, become much injured, 
and perhaps die outright. If you see signs of flag¬ 
ging in any of your trees, loosen the soil around 
such, and give them a thorough watering, root and 
branch. Then cover the surface uround the treo 
with a good coating of coarse manure, and pruno 
quite close, and you will probably save tbe treep. 
At all events you will have the satisfaction of 
knowing that you have done your duty. 
A lady told us last season that Bhe could not 
make her Running Roses climb, as they formed 
nothing but tall bushes. There arc hundreds and 
thousands of climbing rosea iu the same situation. 
The remedy is to cut away all but three or four of 
the strongest shoots, and permit none but these to 
grow the first seasou. Give the plant plenty of 
manure—Uqnid manure—manure of almost any 
kind or description. By this means yon can cause 
your climbing roses to grow to almost any extent 
desired. We have grown the Queen of the Prai¬ 
ries twenty-five feet In one season. 
Prospects for Fruit.— At the time of writing 
(May 25th,) the prospects for fruit are good—never 
better. Peaches, cherries and plums are in full 
bloom, and apples will blossom in a few days. 
Unless we have late frosts fruit will be abundant 
in Westeru New Y< rk the present season. 
saved should, be examined, and all unripe and 
bruised berries removed. Then lay them carefully 
in layers in a box or basket, placing a piece of cot¬ 
ton between each layer. We have saved them 
very well by merely putting paper between each 
layer. Another plan is to suspend them on hoops, 
as shown in the engraving above. There arc few 
fruits more easily kept or more delicious than 
grapes. It is no bad thing, boys, to have a plate 
of fine bunches passed around of a winter’s even 
ing, as we hope many of you have good reason 
to know. 
Potato-Diuoino by Machinery. — Every one 
who has dug potatoes, and felt the back-breaking, 
head-aching trials which accompany the tedious 
process, will feel a bound or pleasure on learning 
tbax Yankee ingenuity promises to supersede by 
machinery the afflictive labor of gathering this im. 
portant harvest. A gentleman of Roxbnry, Mass., 
has patented a simple contrivance for the purpose, 
which an agricultural house in Utica, N. Y., is 
about to carry into practical use. It is a plow¬ 
shaped machine, with a double set of revolving 
metal fingers, which take up the favorite fruit, 
winnow them from the earth, and depositing them 
in baskets hung on each side, or in a couple of 
rows upon the earth. With a pair of horses, a 
man. it is calculated, can dig from six to ten acres 
per day. We shall watch with cariosity the re¬ 
sults of a trial of this very useful invention. It 
will work a very important revolution in potato 
raising.— Boston Traveler . 
-■*—*- 
M. Pimont, of Rouen, France, has patented a 
simple method of restoring old steel pens, simply 
by raising them to a red heat, and afterwards 
cleansing them with soap and sand. 
To Destroy Caterpillar’s Nests in Apple 
Tkkbs. — Fqr the benefit of the readers of the 
Rural, I will give you my method.of destroying 
the nests of tho caterpillar tn my orchard. 1 have 
compressed l ast exa mined my trees aud annihilated every nest, 
md the two an<1 U1 Y b0 Y 8 like t,je fuD - 1 take a lump of lime, 
hers, adhere an ^ iu a pad. making a paste about as 
These lat- thick as is used by masons in plastering. I then 
in, the flow- some rags to the end of a pole for a swab, and 
han they are dippingthla into thelime-pasle, commence the work 
of tearing to pieces and bringing down the nests 
0mo8tpopu- with the swab. They stick to the lime, aud, are 
\ passionate generally, very easily brought down, but I am not 
among their very particular about this, if they are only torn to 
that figures pieces and covered with lime, as tins effectually 
fiuestcliiua- destroys the insects, not one escaping. I find this 
pak- Montan- a very speedy and certain remedy.— Martin Rob- 
md white.— kkts, Henrietta, N. Y. 
f the foliage Rkkarks.—W e think well of this plan, and we 
>uy, and the hope those who have not yet searched their or- 
;stotheuatu- chardB for the caterpillar will do so at once. An 
of Lindley’s i hour at this work will prevent vexation and loss. 
An Inquiry. —I should like to ask another ques¬ 
tion if you have no objection. A few years ago, 
there was a good deal said about grafting, or bud¬ 
ding fruit upon forest trees. Do yon know whether 
it ever amounted to anything or not ? An answer 
would much oblige—C. M. H. H., Le Roy, N. V- 
Remarks. — This is one of those humbugs that 
occasionally seem to float to the surface, cause an 
excitement, and sink again. We hope our young 
friends will study the principles of vegetable phys¬ 
iology, so that they will not be deceived by any 
such unreasonable stories. 
