AUGUST 1 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
The Raspberrie-t are now in perfection, and we 
have taken notes of about a dozen varieties, but 
must reserve them until next week, when, perhaps, 
we may give some engravings of new or superior 
sorts. 
Plums and other fruit, stung by insect?, are now 
falling to the ground, and should he garh« red up 
and fed to hog3, or otherwise destroyed. In this 
way a boat of insects may be killed. A tew years 
of such treatment and the evil will be in a great 
measure overcome. 
Tux most important work in the garden at the 
present time is the increase of plants and trees by 
Layering and Budding. Carnations, Pinks, and 
many trees and plants that are not easily propa¬ 
gated from seed and do not root freely from cut¬ 
tings, are propagated by Layering. This is a very 
simple operation, and can be performed by any 
ODe having plants that it is desirable to Increase 
by this method. A lay it i3 very Bimilar to a cut¬ 
ting, with this exception, that it is allowed to 
maintain a parti,d connection with the parent 
plant, and gain Mtmtennnee from it, until it has 
emitted roots, and is thus enabled to provide for 
its own necessities, when the connection is severed. 
The grape, gooseberry, quince, and many orna¬ 
mental shrubs are propagated in this way. 
According to a late writer in the London 
Quarterly Review, there Is some law yet undis¬ 
covered affecting the operations in the photo¬ 
graphic art. Sometimes, on a beautifully clear 
day, with not a breath stirring, the operator feels 
confident of success, but. something in the air is 
c;jscji% or present, or indolent, or restless, and the 
indun iry which has impelled the attempt to secure 
a series of views in the open sir is rewarded by 
nothing hut a set of almost perfect Slacss. 
There are four kinds of light, or rather, four 
kinds of influences in the sun’s ravs, each separate 
from the other. First-The light which affects 
the retina. Second—The heat, which affects the 
nerves. Third — The chemical influence which 
bleaches colors and produces the artistic delinea¬ 
tions of the pbotogTapb and daguerreotype; and 
fourth—the phosphorescent influence—one of no 
practical importance at ret. By using different 
means of refraction and reflection, these influences 
can, to a great extent, be separated each from the 
other. And it would appear that the extent and 
strength of the photographic influence does not 
always conform in nature to the strength of what 
we ordinarily term light* 
As respects the time of day, however, one law 
seems to be thoroughly established. It has been 
observed by Daguerre, and subsequent photo¬ 
graphers, that the sun is far more active in a pho¬ 
tographic sense, tor the two hours before, than for 
tbe two hours after it has passed the meridian.— 
As a general rule, too, however numerous the ex¬ 
ceptions, the cloudy day is better than the sunny 
one. Contrary, indeed, to all preconceived ideas 
experience proves that the brighter the sky 
that shines above the camera, ihe more tardy 
the action within it. Italy and Malta do their 
work slower than Paris. Under the brilliant light 
of a Mexican sun, half an hour is reqaired to pro¬ 
duce effects, which in England would occupy but 
a minute. In the burning atmosphere of India, 
the process is comparatively alow and difficult to 
manage; while in the clear, beautiful, and, more¬ 
over cool light of the higher Alps of Europe, is 
has been proved that the production of a picture 
requires many more minutes, even with the most 
sensitive preparations, than In the murky atmos¬ 
phere of London. 
Wu have several inquiries as to the best method 
of destroying the Rose Bng. We are sorry that 
we cannot give an easy and effectual remedy.— 
They come from the ground in June, about the 
time the earliest roses are in flower, and remain 
doing their work of destruction from thirty to 
forty days. At the end of this period the males 
fall to the ground and perish, bnt the females en¬ 
ter the earth, lay their eggs, then return to the 
surface, and after a few days die. Each female 
lays about thirty eggs, which they deposit two or 
three inches under the surface of the soil. In 
about twenty days these eggs hatch, and the yonng 
larvoa feed on such tender roots as happen to be 
within their reach. They attain their full growth 
in autumn and are then nearly three-quarters of 
an inch long, and about an eighth of an inch in 
diameter; they are of a creamy white color, with 
a shade of blue towards the hinder extremity. In 
October they descend below the reach of frost 
and pass tbe winter in a torpid state. In the 
spring they approach toward the surface and each 
one forms for itself a little cell, by turning round 
many times, so ns to compress the earth and m„ke 
the inside of the cavity hard and smooth. Daring 
the mouth of June the perfect insect comes forth 
from this cell to feed upon our choicest flowers. 
The only remedy seems to he to catch and kill 
them. They may be brnshed into pans of water 
and destroyed. Downing recommended the use 
of wide-monthed bottles filled with sweetened 
water and vinegar, as in this way many might be 
entrapped. He alao recommended pouriDg boil* 
CARNATION LAYERED. 
To illustrate the process we will take the Carna¬ 
tion for an example. The ground should be nicely 
spaded up around the plant and raked off smooth. 
Then rake away the earth a few inches deep in the 
form of a trench, in which to lay the branch.— 
Next select the branch you wish to layer, cut about 
one-third through it, turn the knife and slit the 
branch about aa inch toward the point. Then peg 
down the branch with the slit open, as shown in 
the engraving, and cover with fine earth. Roots 
will be thrown out freely at the point where the 
branch is cut, and each layer will form a perfect 
plant, and can be removed in the fall or spring. 
Budding requires a little more care and skill. 
I | * It consists in simply taking a bad 
1 | Lf 1 with a portion of the bark atfkched 
I ly from a branch of the present season’s 
jj I growth from one tree, and inserting 
I it under the bark of another. Only 
I young trees from one to three years 
V $ *. old, are usually budded. The buds 
|! |yj which are inserted must be perfectly 
| f / developed in the arilB of the leaves, 
*! I ■■ and the “ stick of buds” must be 
1 Jj , prepared by cutting off the leaves, 
as 9hown in the engraving. The 
| I hai must rise freely from the stocks 
i | or j onng trees to be budded, and this 
! * 8 tooo'i to be the case only when 
/| / they are in a thrifty growing condi- 
II tion. Any small branches that may 
be in the way so as to Interfere with 
stick or nun*, the insertion of the bad must first be 
removed, so aB to secure a clean place for the work. 
When all is ready, make two incisions through 
the bark, in the form of a T, as shown in figure L 
Then cut a hud from the “stick of bads,” In the 
form of fig. 2. This bud will contain a small por¬ 
tion of the wood, which may be removed if it sep¬ 
arates freely, if not it may remain. In removing 
it, however, care most be exercised, so as not to 
injare the root of the bad. Raise the hark around 
the incision, as shown in fig. 3, and push the bud 
down, and cat it off square, like fig. 4. Then ban¬ 
dage carefally with bass matting, basswood bark, 
or corn husks, as shown in fig. 5. This keeps the 
bud firm, and excludes the air. In from ten to 
twenty days the growth of the tree will cause the 
bandage to cat the bark, when it must be removed. 
Wb give a portrait and description of the best 
dark Hybrid Perpetual Rose. Its color i 9 a most 
brilliant, glowing criniHon, and its size and form is 
shown in the engraving. It has been cultivated 
some ten years, and is no doubt familiar to many 
of onr readers. It has been well proved, and 
therefore we feel entirely safe in recommending it 
to our readers. Since Its first introduction many 
seedlings hare been raised from it, and sent out 
by the French rose growers, but scarcely one of 
them equals the parent. One of them, the Glory 
of France, is larger than the giant, and of a very 
similar color. Tbia is decided’y the best of all 
the seedlings of Giant of Battles, and this excels 
it only in size. Although we have not seen it 
bloom under favorable circumstances, we hardly 
think it quite as good, either in form or color.— 
Perhaps another season may prove this opinion 
incorrect, and if so we will make the amende hon¬ 
orable by giving a portrait of tbe flower. 
The Glint of Buttles is of dwarfish habit, hardy, 
a constant bloomer, as in favorable seasons, when 
well treated, it is scarcely ever out of flower from 
June to October. On this point it will perhaps be 
well enough to give a bint The Perpetual Roses 
will I doom constantly if they grow constantly, and 
not otherwise, as it is only the yonng wood that 
bears the flowers. To keep the plants in constant 
gTowth, then, it is necessary to have a very rich 
and ieep soiL One half sod from an old pasture 
and one half well rotted manure, makes an excel¬ 
lent soil for roses. There is very little danger of 
getting the soil for roses too rich, and there Is 
very little pleasure in growing them inapoorsoiL 
time tbe insect Urst makes its appearance, so 
as to destroy those that are jnst emerging from 
the ground. 
The following laughable experience in destroy¬ 
ing these bugs is from a correspondent of the 
Horticulturist " One of my neighbors, and one 
of the best informed men of my acquaintance, 
this snnimer undertook to ‘fight the rose-bugs,’ a 
hopeless task, you’ll say, lutnevertbeless rendered 
necessary by their extraordinary ravages; they 
have been more numerous in the vicinity of Phil¬ 
adelphia this year tbau we have ever known them. 
But my philosophical nei ghbor was for once foiled. 
His operations were in tbia wise: His man Potn- 
pey and himself rose early to enjoy a savage 
pleasure in conquering their hitherto invincible 
enemy. Pomp rolled up his sleeves for slaughter, 
while my friend pulled on a pair of gloves. To it 
they both went, and in an hour or two, or ere the 
tuneful breakfast bell had called neighbor W. to 
his matutinal repast, a bucket fall of these cofeop- 
tera had been bagged. * Now,’ says Pomp., • mts- 
sa, ’epose I scald ’em.’ 4 Oh no,’ sayB Philosophy; 
1 I’ll teach them to trespass on my manor, the var¬ 
mint!’ So he went to his laboratory and bronght 
out some ounces of chloride of lime, which, dis¬ 
solved, was poured over the active mass: they 
were then buried, and Pomp spanked bis spade 
over the grave, as a thing done. Philosophy slept 
well that night, and in the morning was horrified 
to find all hia enemies airiDg their wings in the 
sun, having had a resurrection, which astonished 
my friend, but did not Pomp, who still thinks 
scalding water would have been better.” 
STRENGTH OP METAL. 
In some experiments, made for the purpose of 
testing the comparative strength of plain and cor¬ 
rugated metal, the superiority of the latter was 
significantly demonstrated. Two pieces of copper, 
of equal surface and thickness were formed into 
arches of about fifteen inches in length, the one 
having a flat surface, and the other two corrugat¬ 
ed arches. The arch with the flat surface gave 
way under a weight of a few pounds, while the 
corrugated arch withstood the weight of two men 
who violently surged upon it, without making the 
least impression. In smother experiment, made 
upon a large scale, and under equal conditions 
the plain arch gave way with 3,126 pounds of pig 
iron upon its crown, while the corrugated arch 
bore the weight of 16,91)4 pounds of the same 
metal for forty-eight hours without the least per¬ 
ceptible deflection. This was afterwards increas¬ 
ed to 27,000 pounds, which also remained for forty- 
plantBhave the benefit of the “morning sun.” We 
see nothing in this experiment to induce us to 
change an opinion founded on life-long experience, 
and given in the Rural of last week, that “it is 
useless to try to ripen grapes well in this climate 
all covered up in a thicket of leaves and branches.” 
Grapes are ripened by artificial heat before the 
" sun'B rays” can materially affect ihe roots. 
A BOWL OP BREAD AND MTr.w 
i Well, what more of a bowl of bread and milk, 
than to crumb as much of the former as will suffice, 
and set it afloat with as much of the latter as may 
be desired for the meal? Can any thing more be 
done? Cana bowl of bread and milk be Improved 
in preparing? I think it can; and will give my 
process. Instead of crumbing your bread, take 
that two or three days old, somewhat dry or “stale,” 
and with a sharp knife eat it in thin slices, as you 
would dried beef for the tea-table. The unbroken 
pores of the bread thus prepared, will readily ab¬ 
sorb the milk, though dry aud hard, and you may 
at once commence the operation of spooning from 
a dish fit to feed to an infant. 
Akin to this, is the preparation of a bowl of 
bread and milk with “condiments." As the sea 
son of small fruits is passing, a good substitute, 
and but little inferior to “Strawberries and 
Seeing a great many inquiries and answers, I 
want you, or some of your esteemed correspon¬ 
dents, to give me some information concerning 
the grape. We having a kind of grape which is 
called “wine” grape in this country; it seems 
perfectly hardy, is easily cultivated from cuttings 
by sticking them in the ground, and a fast grower 
and prolific bearer; will be full this season, bnt, 
when they begin to get ripe they take the rot and 
nearly all fall off The frnit 19 of a good size, 
pulpy, and of a bluish cast and rather sourish 
taste. I think they would be well worth cultiva¬ 
ting if It was not for the rot, Aoy information as 
to what is the cause of the rotting, or how a pre¬ 
vention could be eflected, would be most grateful¬ 
ly received by a subscriber. Please give a treat 
next week, or as soon as practicable.— M. A, Ayers, 
Dekalb, Gilmer Co Vo,, July, 1S57. 
Remarks,—T he “rot” is a very troublesome 
disease, and its effects are very seriously felt by 
Preparation of Flax Fibre, 
An Irish news¬ 
paper gives an account of a process for improv¬ 
ing the quality of flax fibres. It consists in throw ¬ 
ing down upon the flax a small quantity of oil, say 
about an ounce to the pound of flax, which is done 
by boiling the flax in an alkaline soap-ley, wash¬ 
ing with water, and then boiling it in water slight¬ 
ly acidulated with some acid—acetic acid being, 
perhaps, the most suitable from its exerting no 
injurious action upon vegetable fibre. The acid 
decomposes the soap, the fatty constituent of 
which ia left in tbe fibre, or perhaps, a mixture of 
an acid soap and a small portion of free oiL_ 
These enter into and through every part of the 
fibre. After this treatment, it ia washed, and is 
then found to be soft and silky, its spinning quali¬ 
ty being thereby much improved and its value very 
much increased. 
Modification of Wood Bearings. —The bear¬ 
ing for shafts for screw propellers adopted lately 
by an eminent English engineer, is to surround 
the shafts with casings of brass, the inner surfaces 
of which are grooved so as to receive fillets of 
wood. Through the spaces formed between the 
fillets, water is allowed to flow freely between the 
shaft and the bearing, keeping the whole cool, and 
acting as a lubricator. Another modification of 
the invention ia to fix the wooden fiilets on the 
shaft, which then rotate with it in the brass 
bearings. 
How to make Tea Properly.— The proper way 
to make a cup of good tea is a matter of some im¬ 
portance. The plan which I have practised for 
these twelve months is this:—The teapot is at once 
filled up with boiling water; then the tea is put 
into the pot, and is allowed to stand for five min¬ 
utes heforo it is used; the leaves gradually absorb 
the water, and as gradually sink to the bottom; 
the result is that the tea leaves are not scalded, as 
they are when holliug water is poured over them, 
and you get all the true flavor of the tea. In truth, 
much less tea is reqaired in this way than under 
the old and common practice.— lames CuthiU. 
The bud remains dormant until the following 
Bpring. Plums perfect their bads earlier than 
most other trees and are therefore budded first, 
cherries follow, afterwards peaches, apples, Ac. 
Tim is of great advantage to nurserymen, as It 
extends tho budding season from the early part 
of July to late In August. 
Strawberry beds should be cleaned of weeds that 
have grown during fruiting, and the runners 
should be cut away if the beds are new, If old its 
fruitfulness may be prolonged by removing some 
of tbe old plants, and allowlug the runners to re¬ 
main. Aa soon as the runners tiro well rooted new 
beds may be formed. Select cloudy, damp weather 
for this work. The soil for a strawberry bod should 
be dog deeply and well manured. 
As soon as the fruit is gathered, the old canes of 
the Raspberry that have borne this year should be 
cat away, aa this gives the new cancs a better 
chance to ripen. 
The withered llowi-r stems of herbaceous plants 
should be cutaway, and hi <!i* kaj t free from weeds. 
lUhliai should bo k pr well iicj to the stakes 
and any straggling shoots removed. Bedding 
plants should now cover the euilrc bed. so as to 
Sulphur Paint. —A sulphurized oil paint, pre¬ 
pared by subjecting eight parte of linseed oil and 
one part of sulphur to a temperature of 27S de¬ 
grees, in an iron vessel, has recently been brought 
to the notice of the Society of British Architects 
This paint, when applied in the ordinary manner' 
to the surface of a building of stone or brick, or 
to wood work, effectually keeps out the air and 
moisture, and prevents the deposits of soot and 
dirt. It is recommended as cheaper than ordina¬ 
ry paint, and may prove worthy of attention. 
Improved Mode of Cooking Salt Pork _For 
the benefit of those who, Lke ourselves, are obliged 
to use considerable suit pork, the following method 
is recommended, by which it is very much im¬ 
proved. especially for frying. Cut as many slices 
as may be needed, if for breakfast the night pre¬ 
vious, and soak till morning in a quart or two of 
milk and water, one third milk—skimmed milk, if 
not too near souring, is best; rinse till the water 
is clear, and then fry. It is nearly or quite as nice 
as tresb pork—both the fat and the lean parts.— 
Peaches. —The peach trees in this section, 
which for several years havo seemed much en¬ 
feebled by the severe winters, are now making a 
vigorous growth, reminding us of the good times 
past, when our trees were healthy aud the crop 
sure. The crop of fruit W iLl be fair, and if the 
wood is well ripened in the f*n the trees will be in 
better condition than for many years oust 
Origin of the Pendulum.— Galileo, when under 
twenty-years of age, was standing one day in tie 
metropolitan church of Pisa, when he observed a 
lamp, which was suspended from the ceiling, and 
which had been disturbed by accident, swing back¬ 
wards and forwards. This was a thing so com¬ 
mon, that thousands, no doubt, had observed it 
before; but Galileo, struck with the regularity 
with which it moved backwards and forwards, re¬ 
dacted upon it, and perfected the method now in 
use of measuring time by means of a pendulum. 
Egos for Burns.—’1 be while of an egg has 
proved of late the most efficacious remedy for 
mirus. Seven or ei«ht successive applications of 
this substance soothe the pain and exclude the 
burned parts from the air. This simple remedy 
seems to us lar preferable to collodion, or even 
cotton.— Scientific American. 
Coffee Peas— Mr. March, of Galt, C. W., sent 
us recently some Peas which he calls the Canadian 
Coffee Peas. They are in the ground amt will 
soon tell their own story. We understand they 
make a very good substitute for coffee. We don’t 
know as it is likely to be much of au acquisition, 
aathe coffee roasters on this side find uo difficulty 
in turning any kind of Canada peas into coffee. 
Coke vs. Wood.— The N. Y. Evening Post says 
the Hudson River railroad ia burning coke instead 
of wood in one or two of their locomotives, at a 
clear advantage of from twenty-five to thirty per 
cent It is Cumberland coal, coked at the mines. 
Preserving Fruit.—A bout a column of mat¬ 
ter on ttie subject of Prtserving Fruit is crowded 
oat of tbia number. We will give this timely sub¬ 
ject espeoial attention in the next Rural. 
