AUGUST n 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
that it will fit closely to the spot prepared on the 
tree, leaving the bark on the other side; cnt the 
ends to 9uit the bevel, leaving it a little long, so 
that it will press at the ends, and spring it in, by 
raising it in the middle; pnt these scions, or sap 
conductors, an jnoh or two apart, around the tree 
as far as girdled, and then wind a strip of maalin 
aronnd the center and tie it firmly. If the whole 
peeled surface is covered with the doth, it will 
probably facilitate the process of healing; then 
bank the tree above the place girdled, and if thus 
treated in the early spring, probably most of the 
girdled trees may be saved. 
But there is wisdom in the old saying that ' An 
ounce of prevention is heller than a pound of cure .” 
While engaged in trying to remedy this evil, it 
occurred to me that all this difficulty might have 
been prevented by simply bending a piece of tin, 
from 8 to 12 inches loDg, in circular or tube form, 
around the tree when set, or any time before in¬ 
jured, letting the end rest upon or a little below 
the surface of the ground. Old tin palls, pans, 
sheet iroD, or scraps of tin from the shops, may be 
used by those who wish to economize, and thus, 
with a little trouble, all the injury to trees from 
mice or rabbits may be prevented. 
Chemung, N. Y.» 1857. A. J. WYnkoop. 
Among the beautiful thiogB furnished by nature 
to adorn and make pleasant onr homes, there is 
nothing more elegantly graceful than the drooping 
or weepiDg trees. Planted either singly upon the 
lawn, or grouped tastefully together, they are ca¬ 
pable of producing the most pleasing effects; and 
yet they should not be planted with too liberal a 
hand, or the result will be a sameness, a want of 
variety and strength which can only be imparted 
by trees of a stronger growth and a prouder bear¬ 
ing. Indeed all trees of a marked character, like 
the Lombardy poplars or drooping trees, should 
be used sparingly. 
The oldest aud best known of onr weeping trees 
is the Weeping Willow. It is too well known to 
need description, and is one of the best specimens 
of the graceful to be found In the vegetable world. 
SAVING FRUIT, 
If some plan could be devised for saving from 
decay onr finer and more delicate fruits, it would 
be a great, blessing t,o the country, and a source of 
profit to fruit growers. An emineut pomologist. 
estimates that twenty five per cent, of our summer 
and early autumn fruits, either rot or, to prevent 
loss, are forced upon the market at very low prices. 
This the fruit growers may in a great measure 
obviate by growing ptincipally long beepingsorte. 
We are not without hopes, however, that some 
plan will be discovered by which peaches, straw¬ 
berries and other tender frnits may be preserved, 
at least sufficient time to allow the grower to con¬ 
sult tbe stale of the market before offoring his 
frnit for sale. Mrr Schooley, of Cincinnati, has 
made some progress in this work, and has con¬ 
structed a house, in which he has preierved straw¬ 
berries, apparently unchanged, for twenty days; 
and he kept Bellflower apples for eight months, 
selling them In June for three dollars per bushel. 
The construction of these rooms is slmp.e. All 
that is required are walls made of non conducting 
materials, with an apartment for ice above the 
frnit room, with descending fines for the cold air, 
so as to preserve an equable temperature and 
moisture, and to hold the ripening process in 
suspense. The air, by passing over the ice, is 
deprived of its moisture, and, being cold, and 
specifically heavier than the surrounding atmos¬ 
phere, falls through the descending flues, and, by 
a ventilator, escapes on one side of the room, thus 
creating a temperature not only cool, bnt. dry, 
Frnit rooms have been constructed in Boston on 
the same principle, and have given great satisfac¬ 
tion. One of the frnit dealers in Chicago often 
tstonisbes the citizens of that enterprising city by 
producing fine frnit out of season, and we think 
his store rooms were constructed on somewhat 
similar principles, though we never bad an oppor¬ 
tunity to examine them. We were informed that 
he kept hi» plan a secret. 
Messrs. Editors:—A s the attention of house¬ 
keepers is very generally drawn toward the preser¬ 
vation of frnit and vegetables in a fresh state, for 
use out of season, everything bearing upon the 
subject moat possess a considerable degree of 
interest for your readers. It is now well under¬ 
stood that all kinds of frnit may be kept for an 
indefinite length of time if they are heated up to 
or near the boiling point of water, and sealed up, 
while hot, in perfectly air-tight vessels, and that 
sugar is, in no way, essential to the process. To- 
matoep, also, may be readily kept in the same man¬ 
ner, witbont undergoing the slightest change of 
flavor. Most other vegetables appear to be some¬ 
what more difficult to preserve. • 
As the air must be perfectly excluded from con¬ 
tact with the substance preserved, a most impor¬ 
tant question is:—In what way can this be done 
moBt conveniently and surely? A correspondent 
of yoor issue of the 3th of August, Btatea that 
after examination and trial of every variety of can 
and jar, offered for the purpose, he is satisfied that 
ordinary bottles are far preferable to any of them. 
Now the fact must not be overlooked, that the in¬ 
troduction of self-sealing cans and jars, which 
have of late attracted so much attention, has not 
given origin to ibis method of preserving fruits 
and vegetable?, in families 
Eds. Rural: —Herewith I send yon a copy of a 
recipe, recently sold by a traveling agent to many 
of the most intelligent portion of onr community, 
which is subject to your disposal. 
“A Recipe for making Foster's Patent Chemical 
Burning Composition, to be used m Lamps, which 
ia in every way cleaner and cheaper than oil, tal¬ 
low, gas, or any other preparation in tbe world. 
To 1 gallon of 90 or 95 per cent alcohol add 1 qt 
of refined turpentine or camphene, and 4 oz. of 
gum camphor; 3hake well together, Ac.” 
At the bottom of the printed recipe, there is 
added with a peD, “ To the above add 4 grains of 
sulphuric ether.” This was done, evidently be¬ 
cause the disposer thereof met bo maDy who knew 
the printed portion to be the same that has been 
in common use for years. 
I consider this a dangerous humbug, from the 
fact that he tells people it is perfectly safe-, can fill 
lamps when lighted; that the ether counteracts the 
explosive power of the camphene and alchohot ,— 
thus inducing many to bny. I will give tbe com¬ 
position of the various substances of the above 
recipe, and yon canreadDy see it is essentially the 
same article as onr common burning fluid: 
Alcohol has 4 parts, Carbon, 6 Hydrogen, 2 Oxygen. 
Camphene, 20 “ « 16 <* 
Camphor, 20 “ *< 16 “ 2 « 
Sul. Ether 4 « « 5 « 1 « 
Camphor is camphene, with two equivalents of 
oxygen added. Camphene has too much carbon, 
alcohol too little. It has been found by experi¬ 
ment that 7 parts alcohol and 1 camphene give 
these substancea in proper proportions for a good 
light, adding alcohol if the lamp smokes, and 
camphene if too pale a light. Sulphuric ether is 
made from alcohol, and sulphuric acid, and has 
the same explosive properties as alcohoL None 
of the above substances will explode as liquids, 
hence there can be no danger until they become 
vaporized. I consider Burning Fluid safe where 
the lamp is well secured,—would not like to have 
it become heated by a stove, but think there is no 
danger from the beat of the wicks, 
abridge, N. Y. ( 1857. B. F. W. 
Remarks.— Borne years since, while engaged in 
mercantile business, the manufacture of Burning 
Fluid was made a specialty in trade. Onr gnide 
was 4 to 1—that is, 4 gallons of 95 per cent, alcohol 
to one of camphene, and if both articles were 
right, found this to be the best proportion. Have 
experimented a great deal with the view of pro¬ 
ducing a non-explosive compound, but finally 
concluded that such a production could not be 
btained from the materials employed. Think 
with onr correspondent that this illuminator is 
not explosive as a liquid. Have set fire to hundreds 
of fiiied lamps, but would not consider it. safe to 
apply a light to one partially empty. The cause of 
of explosion is, we think, the following:—The 
Fluid in process of combustion heats the wick, 
and generates a gas which fills the vacaurn caused 
by the decrease of the flai'. Any sudden Jrr 
which agitates the remaning liquid, or the re¬ 
filling of the lamp, expels this gas, which, coming 
in contact with Same explodes, ignites the fluid 
and, casting it in ail directions, is productive of 
evil. Many who use this material, have an idea 
that to be safe, it is only necessary to prevent the 
contact of fire and the fluid itself, aud hondrecs 
have made this a fatal error —the secure mode is 
to fill alt lamps by dayhghi, and be positive that 
these are air-tight. If compelled to All a lamp at 
night, it should be done at such a distance from 
fire that the surrounding atmosphere may take 
up the gas and render it harmless. Where this 
system is followed, we do not see how an accident 
can happen.— k. 
A large portion of frnit and ornamental treep, 
are ruined by the manner they are supposed to be 
protected. The too common practice of driving 
stakes by their aide and nailing across their top a 
strip of board, should be discarded. We have 
known hundreds secured in this way, and nearly 
the whole are ruined or so disfigured that they 
should be replaced by others. With every breeze 
they are forced against tbe board or stake, and 
soon become half or more girdled. We can give 
no softer name to such a practice than murdering 
trees. All trees when set out should be properly 
protected. Let it be done by driving down two 
stakes, one on either Bide; then procure strips of 
leather, say one inch vs Lie and long enough to 
reach from the stake around the tree and back to 
the stake. Nail these two ends to the top of the 
stake. Pat a similar piece of leather to the other 
stake and around the tree. If high winds are 
common, leave a little space between the leather 
and tree on the opposite side of the tree from the 
stake. This allows the trees play without touch¬ 
ing a stake or drawing too hard upon the leather. 
Port Huron, Mieh., 1857. S. B. Nobls. 
For a number of 
years past, peaches and tomatoes have been pnt 
up in bottles by careful and skillful housekeepers, 
very successfully; bnt many who attempted failed. , 
It is not an easy matter, as simple as it may seem, 
to 3eal up, perfectly, a bottle containing a heated 
substance; and this difficulty increases with the 
size of tbe mouth of the bottle. The defects in 
the sealing may be so trifling as to escape obser¬ 
vation at the time the bottle is closed, and yet be 
as fatal to the result a3 if it were left entirely open. 
The reason of this is easily explained. The bot¬ 
tle is fiiied aud the cork pnt in so as t,o come in 
contact with the heated fruit, or what amounts to 
the same thing, the fruit is heated a.ter it ia pnt 
into the bottle; now as tbe contents cooL they 
contract in volume, leaving a very per 'ect vacuum 
between the surface of tbe frnit and the cork.— 
There is is now bearing upon the exterior portion 
of the cork the whole of the pressure of the at¬ 
mosphere, fifteen pounds to the square inch, and 
this pressure is, of course, proportionate to the 
size of the cork. If the cork is in any way defec¬ 
tive, the Boft cement or wax used, will be driven 
through, leaving the sealing imperfect, or if the 
cork is perfect, it may be driven down into the 
bottle, as T have known to happen. In order to in¬ 
sure success, if bottles are used, it requires some 
practice and more attention to particulars of the 
process than is apt to be given by ladies or do- 
mestics. 
Self sealing cans and jars, (called - self-sealing," 
because prepared in such a manner that the heat 
of the fruit, alone, is sufficient to seal them, with¬ 
out the necessity of cement or wax at the time of 
sealing) if constructed on proper principles, ef¬ 
fectually remove the difficulties referred to. If 
properly made, (and many spurious and worthless 
articles to which ibis name has been given, have 
been offered to the public.) they offer several very 
obvious advantages. 1. The mouth is large so 
as to receive, in an unbroken state, any kind of 
fruit 2. They require no skill to seal them; it is 
indeed next to impossible to fail to seal them her¬ 
metically. 3. If there should be any accidental 
defect about tbe sealing, it at once shows itself, so 
that the vessel may be opened and the frnit remov¬ 
ed to another jar and saved. 
The relative advantages of bottles and well con¬ 
structed jars are well illustrated by a statement 
made to me by a gentleman of this city, a chemist, 
who had been in the habit, for some years, of put¬ 
ting op tomatoes in bottles, with perfect success. 
He had always been in the habit of sealing the 
bottles himself, bat some two years since he en¬ 
trusted the whole operation to bis cook by whom 
the winter’s supply was pat np. Several dozens of 
bottles were used, and one dozen of " Arthur’s 
Self-Sealing Cans." In the winter, they were 
opened, and while there was but a single bottle 
that was not spoiled, the contents of the cans with 
one exception were perfectly good. In this case, 
the cook had no experience with either method of 
sealing, 
A great many erroneous notions are entertained 
about this method of preserving fruit. It is sup¬ 
posed that if the air from a vessel could be per¬ 
fectly removed, tbe frnit will be preserved in its 
natural state. There could not be a greater mis¬ 
take; if all the air contained in a vessel were 
pumped out, and the Tessel sealed in a vacuum, 
the fruit would spoil, as has been tested by experi¬ 
ments. The substance to be preserved must be 
heated up to or near the boiling point ; when this is 
done the presence of a small quantity of air in the 
vessel, provided 1 1 also has been heated, will not af¬ 
fect the result, if the vessel is hermetically sealed 
while hot This statement may be fully relied upon. 
As to the kind of material out of which the jar 
is made, it is not important, so far as preserving 
qualities are concerned. Everything except some 
very acid fruits are kept as well in tin as in any¬ 
thing else, notwithstanding the prejudice existing 
against it. But glass, if used with care, and stone¬ 
ware jars, are preferable, because they can be 
more easily and perfectly cleansed, and are more 
durable. 
It has been observed that slight mould some¬ 
times form upon the surface of fruit pnt np in the 
self-sealing glass jars, and it has been attributed 
to the small quantity of air confined underneath 
tne- channel. Bat as the surface of the fruit in a 
gallon self-sealing jar, is exposed necessarily to 
more air than can possibly be contained in the 
portion of a pint or quart, glass jar, it might be 
supposed, if the mould were attributable to this 
cause, that it would, in this case, form more quick¬ 
ly and in larger quantity. B-ut this is not so, 
mould, (which, however, docs not injure the 
quality of the fruit if it is carefully removed when 
the jar is opened) has never been known to form 
on tbe surface of fruit, put up in tin or earthen¬ 
ware. The result, therefore, would appear to be 
in some way dependant upon the light to which 
substances in the glass jar are exposed. r. a. 
Philadelphia, 1857. 
NEW AMERICAN WEEPING WILLOW. 
The American Weeping Willow, although an 
American trailing species, was first brought to no¬ 
tice in France. The branches are very slender, 
drooping and abundant. When grafted upon an 
upright stock some seven to ten feet from the 
ground, it makes one of the most heautifal droop¬ 
ing trees we have. It <s perfectly hardy, and as it 
makes only a small tree, is much better adapted 
for lawns than the common Weeping Willow. Onr 
engraving is taken from a tree only three years 
from the hud, aud shows somewhat of ita charac¬ 
ter, though we hope to be able to give an engrav¬ 
ing before long of a larger tree that will show 
more of ita characteristic beauty. 
The Wketing Ash is a drooping tree .pretty 
generally known. Its branches are stiff and spread 
horizontally at first, and as they Increase in length 
droop until they reach the ground. We have 
never seen any trees of very large size, though we 
have them here sufficiently large to form fine ar¬ 
bors. In Earope, where large specimens are 
growing, the branches extend thirty or forty feet 
in each direction. It requires to be grafted on a 
BtroDg stock to support the head, which should 
not be less than eight to ton f*st high. 
The Gold Barked Weeding Ash isverysimilar 
in ita growth to the preceding, bnt it has a beauti¬ 
ful yellow bark. 
The Weeping Sophora is a very fine drooping 
tree with slender branches, green bark, and dark 
green foliage very much like the yellow locust— 
It grows rapidly, and in winter the green bark 
forms a very fine contrast with the yellow ot the 
Gold Barked Ash. Unfortunately this beautiful 
tree is a little tender. 
The Weeping Linden is a pretty variety of tbe 
Linden. The branches at first start horizontally, 
like the Asb, but as they become lengthened, droop 
gracefully. The leaves are large, roundish, and 
gray on the under side. It has a reddish bark. 
The New Wkbping Birch is a very fine droop¬ 
ing tree, with very peudulons branches. 
Tub Weeping Mountain Ash is a tine variety 
of the European Mountain Ash. The branches are 
crooked aud drooping. It ia perfectly hardy, as 
we Baw it last summer at the West doing fiaely in 
localities where large apple trees had been killed 
by the frost. 
Sixes onr last report, one week since, the Made¬ 
leine, Petit Muscat, and Muscat Robert pears have 
ripened, and the Buerre GifBtrd will be in eating 
condition in a very few days. The Early Harvest 
apple is fully ripe, the Red Astrachan nearly so. 
Mr. Shepard, the accomplished conservator of 
the Botanical Gardens at Liverpool, is the author¬ 
ity for the following anecdote respecting the in¬ 
troduction of that elegant flowery Bhrub, the Fns- 
ebia, into the green-houses of Europe. Old Mr. 
Lee, a well known Nurseryman and Florist, at 
Greenwich, near London, about fifty years ago, was 
one day showing his variegated treasures to a 
person, who suddenly turned and said—" Well, you 
have not in your whole collection so pretty a 
flower as one I saw in a window atWapping!” 
“Indeed, and what was this Phoioix like?” 
“Why, the plant was beautiful, and tbe flowers 
bung down like tassels from the drooping branch¬ 
es, their color was the deepest crimson, and in the 
centre a fold of rich purple.” 
Particular inquiries were made as to the exact 
whereabouts, and Mr. Lee posted off to the place, 
where he discovered the object of his pursuit, and 
immediately pronounced it a new plant. He saw 
and admired. 
Entering the hnmble dwelling, he said—“My 
good woman, this is a nice plant of yours, I should 
like to buy it” 
“Ah,Sir! I couldn’t sell it for no money; itwas 
brought me from foreign parts by my husband 
who has gone agaiD, and I must keep it for his 
sake.” » 
“ Bnt I muri have it” 
“No, Sir, I can’s spare it” 
“Here,” emptying his pocketp, “here is gold 
silver and copper,” (his stock amounting to more 
than eight guineas.) 
• “ Well a day, sure ibis is a pile o’ money.” 
“’Tis yonrs, and the plant is mine, my good wo¬ 
man. I’ll give you one of the first young ones I 
rear to keep for your husband’s sake. I will, in¬ 
deed.” 
The bargain was struck, and a coach called, in 
which old Mr. Lee and bts apparently dearly pur¬ 
chased flower was deposited. On returning homer 
his first work wss to strip OS' and destroy every 
bloss m and bad; the plant was divided into small 
cuttings, which were forced into bark beds and 
hot beds and again subdivided. Every effort was 
employed to multiply the plant, Mr. Lee became 
the delighted possessor of 300 fuschiu3, all giving 
promise of fine blossom. The two which first ex¬ 
panded were placed in his window. A lady came 
in,—“Why Mr. Lee, my dear Mr. Lee, where did 
you get this charming flower?” 
" ’Tis a new thing, my lady; pretty, is it not?” 
“ Pretty ? ’tis lovely I Ita price?” 
“ A guinea, your ladyship,”—and one of the two 
plants that evening stood in beauty on her lady¬ 
ship’s table in ber boudoir. 
“My dear Charlotte! where did yon get that 
elegant flower?” 
“ Oh, 'tis a new thing. I saw it at old Mr. Lee’s; 
pretty, is it not!” 
“Pretty? ’tis beautiful; what did it cost? 
“ Only a guinea, aud there was another left.” 
The vistor’s horse trotted off to the suburbs, and 
a third beauteous plant graced the spot from 
whence the first had been taken. The second 
guinea was paid and the fuaehia adorned another 
drawing room of fashion. This scene was repeat¬ 
ed as new calls were made, by the persons attract¬ 
ed by tbe beauty of the plant. Two plants, grace¬ 
ful and bursting Into flower, were constantly seen 
on the same spot. He gladdened the faithful 
sailor’s wife with the promised flower, aud before 
the season closed nearly 300 guinea* jingled in his 
purse, the produce of a single shrub from the win¬ 
dow at Wapping, as a reward of old Mr. Lee’s taste, 
skill and decision. 
NEW ROCHELLE. HIGH BUSH. 
The Blacaberries are still in fine condition, and 
will, from appearances, furnish an abundance of 
frnit for several weeks to come. We give an en¬ 
graving of a single berry of both the New Roohelle 
or Lawton, and High Bash. Both varieties are 
grown here, and we see but little difference either 
in size or flavor. The advantage, if any, is in 
favor of the New Rochelle, which, with the same 
culture grows rather larger than the High Bnah. 
If we are not very much mistaken, we have picked 
wild berries of much superior flavor to either of 
them, though the present wet Benson has injured 
the frnit in this respect Bnt our “blackberry 
patches ” are mostly gone. If we wish to eat of 
the old favorite fruit of onr boyhood, we must 
grow it, honestly, like any other. So let all lovers 
of good fruit plant a few blackberries. 
The New Rochelle ia very productive. At the 
grounds of C. P. Bisseli., of this city, an extensive 
cultivator of the blackberry, we counted 360 fine 
berries ou a cane less than live feet long. 
-— 4 <»- 
Dielytra Sfkctabilis (now Dikrvilla).— Al¬ 
though the Dk-ljtra is properly classed as a spring 
flowering plant, yet, if properly propagated by 
cuttings of the young shoots In the spring, and 
planted out in Jute in a sheltered situation, it will 
continue to throw np a succession of blooms till 
late in the season. It thrives best in a rich light 
soils and should be plentifully supplied with water 
in dry weather. I.ast season I saw a bed so treated 
in the front of a greenhouse, in bloom in Sep¬ 
tember, and it appeared likely to continne in flower 
much longer, if frosts did not occur. 
Thk above is from an English Journal. The 
Dielytra we saw in bloom here late in August. By 
cutting away the flower stems when they first ap¬ 
pear, the plant may be made to flower late in the 
summer or fall, particularly if planted in a cool 
damp situation. 
MANUFACTURE OF GOLD COIN. 
In alloying and casting gold into “standard 
ingots,’ at the mint, an alloy is used which con¬ 
sists of silver and copper, and is in the prop rtion 
of one-tenth of the entire mass, namelyIn a 
given weight of 1,000 ounces of gold and alloy, 
900 are pure gold, and ICO alloy — ol which alloy, 
one-tenth part is silver and nine-tenths copper.— 
These standard ingots are then assayed, to deter¬ 
mine their correctness; and are subjected to the 
annealing process, that is, tempering them by 
heat, so as to harden them. The ingots, thus an¬ 
nealed, are rolled out, and cut into different sizes, 
according to the determination of the coin wanted. 
These pieces, called “planeheb j ,”aro first cleaned, 
and then pat into the hands of the adjustors, who 
weigh each piece separately. Those which are 
too heavy, are filed down to the proper weight; 
and 3 ueh as are too light, being rejected, have to 
be re-meited. The piecesthas adjusted are passed 
to the coiniog room to be “milled,” which con¬ 
sists in formingthe rims. The pieces bavingbeen 
milled, are put into a tube connected with the 
press, the movements of which, regulated by steam 
power, force tbe pieces into the proper position 
for receiving the impressions on both the lower 
and upper sides, as well as the indentations on the 
rims, ail being done by one blow of the press. 
TO PREVENT mice girdling fruit trees. 
Messrs. Eds.: —For the last two years this sec¬ 
tion of country has been greatly injured by field 
mice, girdling and destroying whole orchards or 
small trees. Two years ago, early in April, I set 
120 trees of what I consider the best varieties of 
winter fruit, viz, the King, Wagener. and Swaar, 
from Col. Fuosr's “Highland Nursery," every one 
or which grew finely. The laud upon which these 
trees were set is a fine loam, which waa deeply 
plowed the previous fall, with the double Michigan 
plow, and well manured and plowed in the spring. 
Preparatory to setting, the roots of the trees 
were dipped into a common wash tab partly filled 
with the soil from the lot, which was thinned with 
water and well mixed, so as to adhere closely to 
the roots; tbe trees were then set an inch or two 
deeper than they bad stood in the nursery, and 
immediately well mulched with coarse manure.— 
Last spring I set. In the same manner nearly an 
hundred trees, apple, pear, peach and cherry, all 
of which lived and grew finely, excepting two 
peach trees. Bnt a year ago last winter the mice 
girdled a largo number of my best trees, and du¬ 
ring the past winter have girdled most of the re¬ 
mainder. 
Last spring 1 followed the directions giveu in 
many of the agricultural papers, and tried to save 
them by plastering with fresh cow-dung and bank¬ 
ing, and thought I had succeeded, as the trees 
leaved out and started well in the spring, butdried 
up and d,cd in summer. This treatment, I am con¬ 
vinced, will not save trees that have been entirely 
girdled. 
One of my neighbors, Miles C. Baldwin, an 
amateur fruit-grower,- u natural mechanic and 
prac tical farmer, boxed hia trees that were girdled 
and saved them. I am now following his experb 
meat and hope to be successful. 
Manner of Boxtnu. —Take a thin, sharp chisel 
and out into the fresh bark and wood above and 
below the girdle to the depth of oue-quarter of an 
inch, a little hovelling; then, with the chisel, pure 
off' the bark and wood from the upper to the lower 
incision, making it level and fresh; then cut a 
small limb from the tree and flatten one side, so 
Wall Roses. —The secret of growing roses 
against a wall might be packed in a lady’s thimble. 
A t^n feet deep border of strong loam, four or five 
feet wide, to be as rich as rotten dung can make 
it; the border to be thoroughly soaked with soft 
pond-water twice a week in dry weather, and when 
the r. see are in bloom, to keep them thin in the 
branches, as if they were peach trees, and to play 
the water-engine against them as for a house on 
fire, from tho first appearance of insects till no 
more come. There ia a reason for everything 
under tho sun, and the reason for insects attacking 
roses in general, and those on walls more particu¬ 
larly, is from too much dryness at the roots, caus¬ 
ing the juices to be more palatable through the 
action of the leaves.— Lon. llort. Journal. 
The Minnie Rifle. —The Minnie Rifle has four 
grooves inside, and the mode of loading it is, first 
to bite off the twisted waste paper at the end of tho 
cartridge, pour in the powder at the mouth of the 
barrel, and by a turn of the thumb and finger hold¬ 
ing the cartridge, reverse the ball that the conical 
point may be upward- The ramrod is then dr awn, 
and reversed, and the head being concave, or enp- 
forro, it ha3 a good purchase over tbe ball which 
is easily rammed home, and doe? noi require a 
second or subsequent ramming. Tke piece is then 
tired with great ease, and is capable of carrying 
the hall twelve hundred yards, and with correct 
aim up »o nine hundred yards, the aim for all dis¬ 
tances from three hundred to nine hundred yards 
being taken correctly by a parallel groove marked 
with the respective distances* it is wished the ball 
should be carried when directed to an object, a 
slide in the groove being raised or lowered to take 
the sight. ^ ^_ 
When Aristotle was asked what were the advan¬ 
tages of learning, he replied: “It is an ornament 
to a man in prosperity, and a refuge in adversity.” 
Trees and Plants.—T hose who intend to im¬ 
prove their farms or homes by planting fruit or 
ornamental trees, shrubbery, Ac., should notice 
the Nurserymen's Advertisements in this number of 
the Rural. Trees of tho finest kinds are now so 
easily and cheaply obtained, that there is no ex- 
The article entitled “The Horticulturist,” pub¬ 
lished in the Rural ot the 6th inst., was not, as 
some parties have inferred, written by Mr. R. R. 
Scott. Mr. S.’s views on the same subject, were 
given at some length in our former vol., page 231. 
