TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS, 
the other in despairing of success iD any branch 
of farming except wheat growing. We are aware 
that there are some drawbacks to the change,— 
that, as we have said, it will require time, labor, 
Ac., to introduce it successfully—yet in our opin¬ 
ion, its inauguration is far preferable to either 
continuing hazardous experiments with wheat, or 
disposing of beautiful and fertile farms, with all 
their improvements, conveniences and surround¬ 
ings, (including schools, cbnrches, and other insti. 
tntions and advantages to be found only in favored 
localities,) with a view of trying Borne new and 
unimproved Western El Dorado. Not that we ob¬ 
ject to people going West—especially young men 
of limited means, good health, and abundaut en¬ 
terprise—bnt we do not believe it is advisable for 
beads of families who possess and can retain 
homesteads in the tavered and highly improved 
sections of Western New York to make 3 uch 
migration. They already possess a competence, 
and by good culture and judicious management 
can annually add thereto—at ,the same time aug¬ 
menting the value of their estates by making neces¬ 
sary and permanent improvements—without pro¬ 
ducing a bushel of wheat. 
With many, however, the great question is, 
What can we produce as easily, readily and profit¬ 
ably as wheat has been grown heretofore? The 
paragraph at the head of this article indicates one 
branch of production which can be largely in¬ 
creased in many sections, but whether it can be 
pursued as advantageously as was wheat growing 
years ago is somewhat problematical. Yet there 
is no doubt that it will fay far better note —espe¬ 
cially in any locality adapted to grazing—for the 
products of the dairy are certaiu and generally 
find a ready market at remunerative prices. The 
business of dairying, stock breedlngand grazing, 
is already the most successful branch of husband¬ 
ry in many counties of this Staie, and must In 
time be largely augmented—for there arc compar¬ 
atively few sections in which it cannot be prose¬ 
cuted with decided advantage. Some localities, 
however, are better adapted to grain and fruit, 
and in these farmers must be guided in their 
choice of products by their soil, climate, facilities 
for marketing, and prices. They will be safest un¬ 
doubtedly in adopting a system of mixed husband¬ 
ry, without relying exclusively upon any one pro¬ 
duct- Barley, Oats, torn. Potatoes, Buckwheat, 
Bean.?, and other crops, can be grown successfully 
in most localities where wheat has hitherto been 
the staple. Last but far from least, Fruit is an im¬ 
portant and profitable crop, and ought to become 
one of the chief staples in most sections of West¬ 
ern New York. But. the negligence and procrasti¬ 
nation of farmers in planting and bestowing 
proper attention upon orchards, has greatly re¬ 
tarded and lessened the products of this source of 
pleasure and profit. 
— Thus much, suggestively, as to what has been 
and may be accomplished by farmers who are 
compelled to relinquish wheat culture. The al¬ 
most total failure of the recent wheat crop renders 
the snbject of future operations one of immediate 
and pressing concern with many of onr readers, 
and demands careful consideration. Not a few in 
almost every midge-scourged locality are almost, 
discouraged, and undetermined as to the course 
best to be pursued—for while the abandonment, 
for a time at least, of the former staple of the coun¬ 
try seems inevitable, it is difficult to decide upon 
the best substitutes or alternatives. Indeed the 
whole subject is one of paramount interest and 
importance to a vast number of the land-owners 
and cultivators of Western New York, and we so¬ 
licit the views and suggestions of correspondents 
for its elucidation. 
for its powers of retarding the growth of vegetation, 
has been changed into one, the guicKening proper¬ 
ties of which, may he “known and read of all men.’’ 
The particular advantages to be derived from 
thorough draining may be classed under two heads 
— Mechanical and Chemical. All the farmers, in 
this section at least, are aware bow much their la¬ 
bors were hindered on low, retentive soils, by the 
heavy rains of last spring. They know, furtb. r- 
more, the condition of such crops, as wheat, rye, 
■AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OP ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
SPECIAL CONTHIBCTORSt 
PROF. O. DEWEY, T. 0. FKTEKR, 
Li M. P. MAURY, H. T. BROOKS, 
Dr. ASA PITCH. EWD. WEBSTER, 
T. R ARTHUR, Mbs. St. J. HOLMES, 
LYMAN B LANG WORTHY. 
barley, corn, Ac., and at the time specified, their 
grade of development, and can now speak with 
certainty as to the resnlt as regards the first three, 
and with almost equal surety in reference to the 
last. We doubt not that many fields of wheat 
would have ripened a week or ten days earlier than 
they did, — that the period of maturity in the 
cereals might be brought forward, throughout the 
State, an average of about one week, thus shorten¬ 
ing the time in which insect depredators work. A 
farmer, residing within a few miles of this city, in 
speaking of the advantages to be derived from 
draining, remarked that “he had sown his barley, 
and it was up, while his neighbors bad not yet got 
their grounds prepared. All those whose land was 
not thoroughly drained had almost begun to de¬ 
own 
Thb Rural Niw-Yobker U desK-ncd to ba nnmrpRssed in 
Yalna, Parity, Csefnlnma and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful !n Apprnranoa. Its Conductor devotes bis per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision ot' Its vnriong departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rdbal an eminently Reliable 
Guide on the Important Practical, Scientific and other Subjects 
Intimately connected with the buslner* of tbore whose Interest. 
It »ealon»1y advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Hortl- 
cnltnral. Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, 
Interspersed with appropriate and beautiful Engravings, than 
any other Journal. —rendering it the most complete Agwccltu- 
Bit. Literaky Atm Fajcily Journal lu America. 
csr All commrtnlcitlons. and bwdness letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
' For Terrs, and other particulars, see last page. 
Not one farmer in a thousand has a cart on his 
farm, and yet they are more convenient for carry¬ 
ing manure and general work about a farm than 
wagons. Nothing can be more illy contrived for 
farm work than our common wagons They are 
so high that loading is laborious, and as no ar¬ 
rangement is made for “ dumping/’unloading is 
almost as troublesome. They are difficult to turn 
in a small space, and the wheels are so narrow that 
they sink into the light soil and make the draft 
heavy. In a well constructed cart, all these diffi¬ 
culties are avoided; the body is low and can be 
canted as maybe convenient for loading; the load 
can he damped in & second; the wheels are about 
four inches broad, so that thev will not sink into 
land the Tumbler Cart. It is not only used by 
farmers in carrying manure, Ac., bnt is very gene¬ 
rally used to carry off the sweepings of atreets, 
night-soil, &c., from cities. The body of the cart 
cousistsof an iron tank, so arranged that a delivery 
pipe and valve can be affixed or removed in a few 
minutes, so that it will answer the purpose of a 
watering cart for cities or a liquid manure cart for 
Those who have seen the 
9pair—that for the crops on portions of his 
farm on which he had not created any means by 
which to relieve it of surplus water, he had little 
hope. That where drains were erected he could 
put on his horses and plow twenty-four hours after 
the most severe rain, and find the soil in better 
condition than where it was nndrained three days 
subsequent.” • 
Those who are in the least acquainted with the 
mode of conducting agricultural operations, must 
be aware of the exceeding difficulty, if not impos¬ 
sibility, of performing work in a proper manner 
where the soil is wet. Where the land is too 
retentive of moisture, -here cannot be anv 
economy either of means or of labor. The prin¬ 
cipal object in the cultivation of the soil — the re¬ 
ducing it to a finely pulverized condition—is totally 
lost; in fact, instead of furthering this object, cul¬ 
tivation has precisely the opposite effect, render¬ 
ing still and close what wewould have porous and 
friable. When time and toil have been expended, 
when we ought to have a minntely divided soil_ 
such as is requisite to a healthy and vigorous 
vegetation,—we find a dry, hardened, compact 
Fits tuns of new cheese, from Wyoming county dairies, 
were sold in this city, yesterday, at nine cents per pound. 
The cheese was purchased l»y Dewey & Monroe and G. C- 
Buell, The dairies of Western Nero* York are steadily en¬ 
larging (heir business, and will, this season, produce one- 
third more of butter and cheese than in any previous one. 
A dealer informs us that he has shipped more than fnrfy 
tun.r this year for the Canada ma-fcet. A< the cmv ietiou be¬ 
comes more and more general, that the ravages of the weevil 
wlit rauu.'r lh« cultlvaiion of Wheat unprofitable, the at¬ 
tention of our farmers will be turned to the dairy and the 
raising of stock. Jo this will be added the cultivation of 
such kinds of choice fruit as experience shall demonstrate 
can bo raised with profit—Roc/t. Daily Democrat, July 29. 
As^indicative of the change which is being made 
in the agricultural products of Western New York 
the above paragraph is significant and noteworthy. 
Indeed it indicate s far more than is expressed_ 
for while allusion is made to only one branch of 
production, the Dairy, the failure of the wheat 
crop has induced a resort to several crops and 
prodnets that are comparatively new in this re¬ 
gion. The prevalence of the midge has been the 
chief cause of this, though other things have con¬ 
tributed to the result. The changes which have 
been for some years and still are going on in cul¬ 
ture and products throughout this once famous 
wheat, growing region, are very general and exten¬ 
sive, and must eventually produce a marked dif¬ 
ference in the aspects of the country and crops 
cultivated. Thongh the change from the former 
main reliance, wheat, to other grains, dairying, 
stock husbandry, Ac., is gradual — lessening, for 
the time being, the progress and profits of soil 
owners and cultivators — it will evidently be 
thorongh ere long, aud when consummated tend 
to restore the former prosperous condition of the 
country. Meantime farmers must not expect to 
the farmer or gardener. 
thin mud of our streets scraped together and put 
into wagons, only to be scattered over the streets 
again before reaching its destination, can appre¬ 
ciate the value of such a cart to cities. 
The chief peculiarity of this cart consists in its 
extreme lowness, which, it will be seen is obtained 
by passing the axle through the body of the cart 
or tank, and the convenience for tipping, which, in 
the large sizes is attained by the introduction of 
an eccentric, jthich allows the body to revolve on 
the axle without touching the ground. The great 
advantage of this low body for filling with either 
fluid or dry substances most be obvious. It can 
also be canted to any required inclination, for the 
convenience of filling. This, sad the method of 
discharging the load, by entirely tipping the cart 
gives it an advantage for many purposes over 
almost any other cart. Before many years we hope 
to see well planned and constructed carts at all 
of onr agricultural shows; and we have no doubt 
they will elicit, as they deserve, as much attention 
from onr farmers, as the plows, and reapers, and 
ether useful agricultural implements. Many we 
arrangement for j know, would gladly purchase, if offered for sale. 
manure and Guano was covered with fresh earth 
about an inch deep, before planting the seed.— 
Where the manure from the hog yard was put, the 
vines are very much larger than where the Guano 
was applied—and the squashes are more numerous 
and much larger. 
From the above, 1 think we can manufacture a 
fertilizer of more value, at less cost, than to expend 
such large sums per acre, as farmers now do in 
New England, where it appears to pay a better 
profit than it has with me. Let us have the ex¬ 
perience of others. w. h. p. 
Batavia, N. V., 1S-5T. 
As unsuccessful experiments in agriculture, are 
as necessary to be published as those which are 
profitable, I herewith send an account of the re¬ 
sults of my experience in the use of Guano on 
wheat and vines. 
Having observed its astonishing effect in New 
England, on nearly everything to which it was 
applied, I last summer procured two bags of 
Bakera Bro’s best Peruvian Guano, to sow on 
my wheat field. The fallow was in excellent order, 
and I selected two strips through the middle of 
the field, of about fifty-five rods in length, each 
containing as near an acre as I could well have 
them. Between the two strips on which Guano 
was applied, was a space about four rods wide, on 
which there was pot no manure of any kind—nor 
was there on either side within six or eight rods. 
After well pulverizing and sifting the Guano, I 
applied a bag of 150 lbs. on each acre; which was 
harrowed in after gang plowing, and just previous 
to sowing the wheat The cost, including freight, 
was as near §5 per acre as it could well be figured. 
The field was sowed to Blue Stem wheat, two 
bushels per acre, with Seymour’s Grain Drill. 
Result, contrary to ray expectations, there has 
not been any portion of the two pieces, (during 
any period since they were sown, with an excep¬ 
tion in favor of a very small piece of one of the 
strips,) where the least benefit could be observed 
from the dressing ft had received. I had intended 
to harvest these pieces by themselves^ and care¬ 
fully note the comparison with other parts of the 
field, but could not observe difference enough to 
warrant the trouble. In other parts of the field 
where I drew on manure from the barn-yard, com¬ 
posed of muck, straw, Ac., the benefits have been 
observable from the time the wheat was up large 
enough to he seen, to harvest time; where there 
was good wheat for this year—the straw being 
bright, and the grain of nearly rs good quality as 
usual. I ought to state, that my wheat did not 
rnst as badly as wheat in general, except in low 
places. 
Its effects on my vines bear no comparison to 
what I saw in Massachusetts last summer. The 
past spring I planted twelve hills of squashes. 
Each alternate hill was enriched with a shovelfull 
of manure from the hog-yard, and the others with 
two large spoons heaping full of Guano. The 
tuauj ot our larraers who have heretofore relied 
solely or mainly upou the wheat crop, and found 
its culture unprofitable, have «• taken time by the 
forelock,” and already inaugurated such changes 
in their crops and operations, that their labors 
are nearly or quite as amply rewarded as in former 
years. They adopted what wo conceive to be the 
most wise and jndlciouB course, by preparing in 
season for, and early introducing on their farms, 
the production of snob articles as were best adap¬ 
ted to the soil and climate, and which could be 
profitably marketed. Others are now following 
their example, so that a change of crops, products 
and modes of culture is being gradually and we 
think successfully made over a wide extent of ter¬ 
ritory. Of conr.se, ns we have already intimated* 
profitable results are not anticipated immediately, 
but when the change becomes general, aud suffi¬ 
cient experience is acquired—a period not remote, 
judging from present indications—its wisdom and 
benefit will be correspondingly manifested. The 
revolution, so to speak, having been thoroughly 
commenced, if not accomplished, farmers will in 
the early future BCeuro a proper reward for their 
labor and expenditures, and the prosperity of in¬ 
dividuals and community be gradually restored. 
Bnt the drawbacks to the former system of 
farming in Western New York are, we fear affect¬ 
ing many not only temporarily but permanently. 
We allude to those who still persist in attempting 
to grow wheat in localities where experience has 
demonstrated that its culture cannot he continued 
with profit—and to otherB who, finding they can¬ 
not successfully produce this staple, are at once 
discouraged, and contemplate a change of loca¬ 
tion. Roth these classes mistake their interest— 
the first in persisting in efforts which reason and 
experience teach are uuwiae if not useless; and 
Mr. Moore :—Your correspondent, J. H. B., is mis¬ 
taken in his views of the universality of the means 
by which the midge (weevil) can propagate itself. 
That it attacks late-sown barley and rye. is true, 
in a measure; but its natural pabutuvi is the -vheat 
kernel. Winter barley almost entirely escapes the 
ravages of this insect, as does winter rye, being 
much more forward than spring sown, especially 
in wet seasons. 
The insect found in the mullein, is an entirely 
different variety, only like in color and size. It is 
a lively, active creature, having six legs, while the 
larvae of the weevil is a maggot, with none. I 
can hardly conceive that an insect the eighth of an 
inch long, could sustain itself on a seed, not one 
twentieth of an inch in diameter, as is red clover. 
The experience of the eastern farmers estab¬ 
lishes the fact, that tbo entire suspension of rais¬ 
ing wheat in large districts; almost entirely an¬ 
nihilates the pest, and they can again raise wheat 
with as much snccess as the climate and soil will 
allow. 
From some effect of the season of ’55 and ’56, 
there was a great dimunition of the wheat midge, 
and those farmers who bad the temerity to sow 
under the discouraging circumstances of former 
years, had fair average crops; which induced an 
increased seeding for this year, and results in, 
almost a total failure, and will greatly discourage 
its repetition this fall. It is possible that some of 
the occult operations of the season may greatly 
decrease their numbers, and that the wheat crop 
may prove remunerative; bnt it is rather a forlorn 
hope. Y- 
Monroe Go., N. Y, Aug. 20th, 1857. 
Prominent amid the labors peculiarly adapted 
to late Summer or early Fall is Draining. As that 
period is now almost at hand, we purpose, in two 
or three articles, briefly to speak of the atility of 
an ontluy in this direction; the philosophy of the 
system; and the various modes of performing the 
necessary labor to render the work one of satisfac¬ 
tion to the projector. 
Ta onr issue of the 15th inst, one of our practi- 
cal correspondents uses the following language:— 
“ When, 0 when, will they (farmers) understand 
that there is no safer, or better yielding investment 
of their money, thau to bury it from thirty inches 
to three feet under the surface? When will they 
come to know that for hardly any purpose eau 
they so well afford to submit to exorbitant rates of 
interest, as to provide themselves with the where¬ 
withal to change their swamps and swales, and 
cold, dump fields into warm and reliable soil for the 
production of crops?” Of the atility of a generous 
outlay for draining purposes, every farmer has, 
from the opportunities presented for examination, 
either on his own land or that of a neighbor, be¬ 
come confident—here has he witnessed the reclaim¬ 
ing of a swamp, its conversion from a watery waste 
into not only tillable, but remarkably productive 
soil there a cold wet piece of land, noted alone 
absorption of aqueous vapor from the atmosphere, 
by the lu'erior parts of the Boil during the day, and 
by both the exterior and interior during the night. 
The stiff clays, approaching to pipe clays in their 
nature, which take up the greatest quantity of 
water, when it is poured upon them in a fluid 
form, arc not the soils which absorb the most mois¬ 
ture from the atmosphere in dry weather. They 
cake, and present only a amall surface to the air, 
and the vegetation on them is generally burnt np, 
almost as readily as on sands.” 
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