ill oct. 31 . MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 351 1 
®£re ©rebate aitb 
HINTS FOR THE SEASON. 
Since we last, week wrote of the flowers we have 8f 
been visited with several rather severe frosts, and f a 
the more tender varieties have perished. The B( 
Dahlias, that only one week since were the pride oi 
of the garden ate now tdaok and unsightly. A 1 - pi 
though we regret trie loss ot the flowers, we love ir 
these revolutions of tl:e season — ever changing, tt 
ever bringing something new and interesting— ai 
ever cnlliug for careful thought and prompt, action. b< 
Dahlia roote should be taken up at once, carefully 
dried, and pnt away for the winter. They require c | 
to be kept in a dry place, or they v .11 rot, and in a a] 
warm place or they will freeze, a damp cellar is a 
almost sure to rot them; and this is the reason we w 
hear so much complaint of the loss of Dahlia roots, c 
A little heat will not be likely to harm them; bet- u 
ter be too warm than too wet. A very good way c 
is to keep them in a box ot perfectly dry Band, but v 
it must be well dried with firo-hoat. fi 
Bclbs may yet be planted, according to direc- tl 
tions given last wdek. After planting do not neg- n 
lect to cover the bed with straw, leaves, or coarse 
manure, u 
Any shrubs or plants, put out this fall, though 11 
perfectly nardy, it would be well to protect a little, * 
as many things that are hardy wheu well establish- i: 
ed are a little tender for the first season. A little r 
care, though unnecessary, can do no harm, aud c 
may prevent disappointment and loss. A good 
mulching of manure around the roots, and a little { 
straw or evergreen branches around the top, ora t 
box or barrel placed over the plant is all that is t 
needed. 8 
Strawberry Beds, especially those newly made c 
Bhould have a covering this fall, and Raspberry i 
Canes should be laid down carefully so as not to i 
break them In bending, and covered with earth. - s 
This is not necessary all seasons, bnt it iB the safest * 
method 88 it makea a crop the next season certain, ' 
no matter what the winter may be. 
The tine weather of the tall affords a good op- ( 
portunity tor cleaning up the gardeu and making e 
every thing neat. All weeds should be removed i 
from the walks and beds aud carried to the com- \ 
post heap where they will rot, aud make a fine t 
manure by the spring. A little well rotted manure j 
spread over the lawn, will very much enrich the j 
soil and give the grass a good start in the spring. I 
The fertilizing elements will be washed into the i 
soil, by the fall and spring rains. A sprinkling of i 
wood ashes iB good, hat a dressing of hen manure ] 
excels tvc-ry thing we have tried. In the spring I 
all that remains on the surface must be raked oil < 
nicely. < 
Trenching, spading and manuring can be done 
as leisure permits, and there is no better time for 
commencing a reform with neglected trees and 
orchards, as work is not pressing at this season ot 
the year, and there is now no exouse for neglect 
that will satisfy a sensible man. Dig up all the 
turf from around the trees, mix a good quantity 
of manure with the soil, wash and scrape the bark, 
so as to make it oleun aud smooth, and prune 
where necessary. Remember the roots of a tree 
furnish ltwith food, and that they are not confined 
to a small space, a foot or two in diameter, bnt 
extend on every side, at least as far as the branches. 
On the subject of planting tree* in the fall there 
ia a difference of opinion. All hardy deciduous 
trees and plants, we like to plant in the fall, If the 
ground la naturally dry, or thoroughly drained.— 
It ia a great piece of folly to set trees in the fall on 
heavy, wet groun J, where the water will lay around 
them every thaw, and in the spring; and not much 
better at any other time. Tho ground for an 
orchard or garden should be well drained. All 
trees planted in the fall Bhould be tied securely to 
a stake, and a quantity of coarse litter thrown over 
the roots to protect them from tho frost. Every¬ 
thing that is tender or liable to be injured by frost 
we prefer to plant in the spring; and all kinds of 
evergreens. Spring planting is probably the best 
for the West, In almost all cases. Where trees are 
obtained in the fall that it ia not desirable to plant 
until spring, they can be heeled in. This is done 
by digging a treuch in a dry and sheltered place 
abonteigbtoen inches deep, and standing the trees 
in it, in a slanting direction. The roots are then 
covered with earth. Borne straw, litter, or ever¬ 
green boughs should then be thrown over them 
and they are safe until spring. Sometimes trees 
are received late in the fall, in consequence of un¬ 
expected delays on tho route, frozeu In the bales 
or boxes. Where this is the case place the pack¬ 
ages, unopened, in the oellar, or some other cool 
place, wheio there is no danger of freezing, and 
allow them to remain until thoroughly thawed.— 
Then unpack, aud heel them in, or plant, as may 
be most desirablo. 
-w-»-w- 
Fruit in California.— The Sacramento Benti 
nel, speaking of a garden in that vicinity, says:— 
“ It is surprising to see what a perfect paradise has 
been made by the Messrs. Smiths. They turned 
their attention to the culture of fruit about three 
years ago, since which time they have grown 
thousand of fruit trees of the most choice kinds. 
Two years since, when we visited these gardens, 
what we then found more germs, are now trees 
loaded with the richest fruits. During one week, 
this season, the proprietors gathered soventy-flve 
thousand pounds of peaches and brought them into 
market. Pear trees are now laden with fruit, some 
of them uot more than four or live feet high, have 
a dozen flue pears ou them. If any one doubts 
that the prolific soil of California ia capable of 
raising auy and all kiuds of fruit, let them go to 
this garden and see for themselves.” 
-- 
Raising Young Fir Trees. —Will you or some 
one of Die readers of the Rural tell me how to 
plant the seed of the Fir? 1 have a tree that is 
full of eonea aud they now begin to open, and if 
there is any way to raise young trees from the 
seed I wish to learn how.—S. Ferguson, Lyndon- 
ville, Orleans Co., N. Y. 
Remarks.— Dry the cones until the seeds come 
I out, and sow in a border, of light soli, or in boxeB 
I in tho spring. Shade in tho middle oi the day 
when tho plants are coming through the grouud, 
and until they make a second growth and become 
I strong, or they will bum. Keep the seed in a dry 
place during winter. 
QBAF3 CULTURE.—ANNUAL, PRUNING. 
Eds. Rural:— The best time tor performing this 
very important operation, on our nmive vines, has 
been for a long time a coutrovei led point among 
good cultivators. All agree that it should be done 
some time between the cessation of growth in the 
fall and the commenceineut of growth the next 
spring. While many, perhaps the largest number 
of those who have given their views to the 
public, have practiced anu aovocated iall prun¬ 
ing, aud Riven some seemingly good reasons for 
toe practice, others have recommended Febru¬ 
ary as the best time, and have uot failed to fumieh 
some very plausible reasons for so doing. 
Those who advocate and practice Tall pruning, 
claim that uotweeu the failing of the leaves in Nov. 
aud the swelling of tho buds iu the following spring 
a distribution of the organizable matter—the matter 
which enters into the composition of the fruit—ia 
constantly going on through all parts of the vino. 
If this theory is correct,—if such distribution is 
constantly taking place, while the roots of the 
vine are “hound in icy chains,” and the branches 
frozen, and the whole vine in a dormant state, 
then most surely fail pruning should never be 
neglected; tor by delaying the operation until 
this distribution has all or nearly all taken place, 
by tar the greater part of the fruit producing ele¬ 
ments will be destroyed by the knife; whereas it 
the surplus buds are removed before such distri¬ 
bution has progressed far, the buds retained will 
receive nearly all tbU matter, and the necessary 
consequence must be a better yield of fruit. 
Ou the other hand, the advocates of February 
pruning deny this distribution theory, and claim 
that it is safest not to pruue till after the most of 
the extreme cold weather Is over, because they 
say the vine is capable of withstanding a greater 
degree of cold without Injury before than after be¬ 
ing pruned. Also, that the branches of the pre¬ 
vious year's growth are pretty sure to "kill back” 
some, whether they are pruned in the fall or not, 
and that it is better to let them do so before the 
vine is pruned tuan after. So much for theory. 
In 1851, my vineyard consisted of eight rows of 
equal length, and the vines all of one age and of 
similar size. That year I pruned one ot these rows 
in November and the other rows in February, and 
when the trait was harvested I carefully weighed 
the yield of each separately. The fall pruned row 
FRUIT GROWING AT THE WEST. which had lived in atmosphere 23 degiees telow 
- zero. They were a)l killed the prtvioua year at 26 
Many of the best Northern varieties of apples below zero, 
and other fruits do not succeed at the West. Ihe The President (Mr. Dunlap,) said that in ordina- 
rlch soil induces a succulent growth of wood, r y seasons peaches could be cultivated, with suc- 
whioh is unable to bear the severe oold and high cess, as far north as Southern Wisconsin. The 
winds of the prairies. The consequence is many vicinity of Alton was peculiarly favorable for 
trees are reported t'tilled every spri ,g by the fruit peaches. 
growers of the West. Other sorts, though, per- Mr. Overman, of McLean Co., Iil stated that he 
haps, hardy enough, seem entirely acanited to a would never give up the cultivation of peaohes. 
Western soil sod climate. A few years since the Rev. Mr. Post Btated that a few weeks since 
Xorthwtstern Fruit Growers Association wa3 or- peaches were sold in Dunleith for six dollars per 
ganized, several meetings have been held, and bushel, which in Jackson Co., only brought forty 
some little light has already been thrown upon the cents. 
'wants and capabilities ot the West in this respect. the pear and its blight. 
A meeting of this association waa held at Alton, Mr. Eaaex, of Rock Island, Ill., said that all the 
Illinois, on the 5th Inst., and we find the report of Bartlett pears in his region were killed during the 
its proceedings ia the Prairie Farmer. The asso- w inters of 1855-56. He had Borne specimens of 
ciation at Its close merged itself in the Illinois 
State Horticultural Society, ao that the Northwest¬ 
ern Fruit Growers’ Association no longer exists.— 
We hope the Fruit Growers of the Wes: will now 
send large delegations to the meetings of the 
American Pomologies] Society, and that varieties 
suited to Western culture will receive more atten¬ 
tion from that body. We give the principal mat¬ 
ters of importance in the proceedings, which will 
be of especial interest to our Western reader?, and 
to all who raise trees destined for that section of 
country: 
CHERRIES. 
In regard to the varieties of cherries, Mr. Over¬ 
man, of McLean Co., Ill., said that there were not 
more than three kinds “worth a hill of beans,” 
Mr. Finley, of Davenport, Iowa, said that the 
cherries in his region were nearly all dead.— 
About a year ago, be set out about 6,000 Morello 
stock?, and he has saved only about 150. 
Dr. Hull, of AUod, said that up to 1845, he sup¬ 
posed all the May dukes and Morellos to be hardy. 
Many of the heart cherries would do well, but for 
a second growth. Three or four years ago the 
Brtrtlutta grafted which were killed by the blight. Cherries. G«v Wood, May Duke, Black Tartarian, 
. . , , /. . . ? , Bi«»rrt?;ui, or Yellow Spanish, 8e»le <le Choigey, Kentish, 
He WSB now trying a hardy pear which he had or Early Richmond, Belle M.it>nnqu<-, Great Bigarreau, 
confidence in, but he had seen no fruit yet. Gridley, Late Poke, Common Morello. 
Dr. Hull, of Alton. th.t the Are blight 
had commenced about the 25th of May, and con* Hi*? leer's Ga«f, R*im- Clauds d@ Pirav. semiara. 
tinned on till the let of October. The only reme- , ££?£ 
dy he had found effective was root pruning. He Late Crawford, Late Admirable, D/uid Biff, La Grange, 
Burlington, Iowa, a Committee was appointed to 
report the best varieties of fruits for cultivation in 
the uorchwest This committee reported, and the 
report, after discussion and amendment, was adopt¬ 
ed 88 follows: 
fruits rkcostmrvdkd ron gknrral cultivation 
HETWKRN 37° AND 395 NORTH LATITUDE. 
Summer Apples. - Early Hai vest. Red Astrakhan, Bougb, 
Sweet June, Summer Rose, Rammleli’s Sweet, Golem 
Sweeting. 
Autumn Apples .— fall Wine, Maiden's Blush, R. I. 
Greening, White Bellflower, Gnhtiarclston Nonsuch, Buck¬ 
ingham. 
fPiiorr Apples. I’-cit'a Pleasant, Red Canada, Willow 
Twig, Prior's Red, Wine Snp, Rawle's Janette, Newtown 
Pippin. Sweet Romanite. 
Crabs.— Yellow Siberian Crab. 
Pears.— Seckrl, Doyenne d’Ete, Bartlett, St. Ghialair, 
White Doyenne, Fondante d'Antomne, Dix, Napoleon, 
Bmirro d’Anjou, Beurr* Bose, Beurre Rrowo, Henry IV., 
Stevens’ Genesee, Flemish Beauty, Dr'.an isle. Beurre Diel, 
Beime CMrg-au, Duel:erfe d’Anyoulerae. Winter Nelie, 
Columbia, Lawrence, Easter Beams Fuller. 
May Duke, tiinek Tartarian, 
Bigarreau, or Yellow Spanish, Be.le de Choisey, Kentish, 
or Early Richmond, Belle M.itrnifique, Great Bigarrean, 
GriiJley, Late Duke, Common Morello. 
Plums .— Loro hunt, Diamond, Imperial Gage, Corse’s Nota 
Dens, Washington, Jederann, Scrith’u Orleans. Lawrence, 
Blanker's Gage, Reiur Claude de P jray, Bemiara. 
cherries were nearly all killed, except a variety of beat trees, he considered the Seckel the most pro 
Bigarreau. The Yellow is very tender—so is the 
Black Eagle. The old Black Heart is hardy, and 
will live to be eight or more years old remarkably 
well. He considered the great efforts of cherry 
growers, saould be to prevent a second growth. 
Mr. Sbaw, of Tazewell Co., Ill., said that the 
cherries were nearly all killed, excepting the 
Early May. Of these there were a few left in Taze- 
produced 25 per cent, lees than either of the other well Co. 
rows. This result at the time looked very much 
like an argument against fall pruning. How ver, 
not deeming it quite conclusive. I pruned two 
rows the next November, the Bame one previously 
pruned In November, aud another. At the next 
harvest the yield of lke-e two rows was quite 
equal, but not superior to that of any other two in 
the vineyard in respect to quality and quantity. 
Since then I have practiced pruning my vines 
during any mild weather from the middle of No¬ 
vember to the middle of March, and I feel per¬ 
fectly safe in advising others to do the same.— 
Vines should never be pruned with a dull knife, 
nor when they are frozen, nor when there is a fair j 
prospect of a sudden change from mild to extreme 1 
cold weather. 
On planting a vine let bnt one branch grow the 
first season. At the end of the season, cut this 
back to two or three buds, and let bnt two branches 
grow the second season. At the end of this season 
cut these branches hack eight or ten buds each, or 
to four or five feet in length, —build your trellis 
and fasten these branches “ right and left” along 
the lower rail of the trellis. The third season let 
these base branches produce a branch from every 
alternate bud, and train them perpendicularly to 
the top ot the trellis, and about the first of Sep¬ 
tember stop them by pinching them off The 
trellis is now filled with good bearing wood,—and 
the next—the fourth season,—the vine will produce 
its first crop. 
After the first crop is taken from the vine the 
only prnning necessary to prepare it for another 
crop, will be to cut back the lateral branches, pro¬ 
ceeding from tho upright branches to two buds, 
and when they start the next spring but one of 
these—usually the one nearest the main branch— 
should be allowed to grow. The next year that 
portion of the old spur extending beyond the base 
of the new branch should be cut uff smooth and 
the new branch cat back as before to two buds. 
This same proccsa ia to be continued from year to 
year, It is well, however, to provide for an entire 
removal of the fruit-bearing branches, as often as 
once in three or four years. Thi3 can be accom¬ 
plished without losing a crop, In the following 
manner:—Suppose there are six main upright 
branches to the vine; two of these may be re¬ 
moved each year by allowing a now branch to 
grow from the base of each to a sufficient length 
to take their places, and at the next annual prun¬ 
ing out the old ones out; iu this way the eutiro 
vine will be renewed iu the course of three years. 
Of course it must be remembered that the fruit is 
always produced on the current year’s shoots 
springing from the wood of the previous year’s 
growth. 
Where vines are planted wide, say from 12 to 16 
feet apart, and trained on upright trellises—the 
very heat mode ot planting and training when the 
grape is cultivated for the dessert,—I have found 
tho above simple mode of pruning well adapted to 
the vineyard or field culture of our native vlues. 
Naples, Out. Co., N. Y., 1857. E. A. McKay. 
— — 
Ripening Peaks.—W e are often much surprised 
at the lack of knowledge among the people gene¬ 
rally on the subject of ripening pears, notwith¬ 
standing all that has been said on the subject in 
the Agricultural and Horticultural Journals. A 
few days ago a gentleman brought us half a dozen 
Seckel pears, and ho expected we would be as 
Mr. Milkier, of Kendall, III., and Mr. Baber, of e 
Union Co., Ill., said that all the cherries except t 
Morelloa have been killed in their respective 
counties. h 
Dr. Warder, of Cincinnati, informed the Asso- h 
ciation that the Cincinnatians had been quite an- v 
fortunate in the cultivation of the cherry—espe- t 
daily those from the MoreUo and Mazzard stocks: I 
In Cincinnati, the market cherries still come from 
the Dutchmen’s gardens. Those grafted ou Morel- e 
lo stocks he considered very unsightly, and in Ciu- J 
cinnati there was scarcely a fruitful tree left The 
Richmond was a very hardy kind. I 
The President (Mr. Dunlap,) of Champaign Co., * 
Ill., said that in hia experience, the cultivation 
I of all varieties, except -lie Early May. was a fail- * 
ure. He had always been ia the habit of graf’ing 
the Early Mays on Morello stocks, and in Cook Co., 1 
it was the only cherry of any value. The May- 1 
dukes are tolerably hardy, but they never pro- 1 
duced fruit He had lost every tree of the early ' 
Richmond. 
Mr. Stewart of Adams Co., Ill., thought the 1 
fault lay in manuring the soil, in which the eher- 1 
ry was planted, too highly. He fonnd that the 1 
trees which stood ou the neglected soil had lived. 1 
Dr Hull thought the cultivation of the cherry, 1 
profitable. The killing of the cherries as in the 1 
winter of 1855-56 might not occur again in a life 
time. 
PEACHES. 
Mr. Minkler, of Kendall Co., Ill., stated that in 
his region there was not a live peach tree. They 
were all killed by the intense cold of the winter 
of 1855-56. 
Mr. Shaw, of Tazewell Co., said that in Tazewell 
Co., the winter of 1855-56 was very disastrous to 
the peach crop. Those saved, he observed, were 
planted ou high ground. 
Dr. Warder, of Cincinnati, said that in Ohio 
they could uot depend upon a peach crop more 
than one year out of four. He had, however, 
given up the Idea that the peach was a tender tree. 
It has been supposed that when the thermometer 
fell to tea and twelve degrees below zero, the 
peach trees were in danger; but he had found that 
It, was the duration and not the degree of the cold 
which proved fatal to the peaches. He had also 
fonnd that those peaches were the strongest which 
were planted on high ground, aud exposed to the 
weather. 
Mr. Oswell, of Jonesborough, said that in Union 
Co, the seedlings during the presentyear, produc¬ 
ed a good crop. “There are not many grafted stocks 
i in Southern Illinois. Tho enreulio, he found, 
i troubled the early peaches more than the others. 
Dr. Hull, of Alton, III, in regard to manuring 
the soil in which peach trees were planted, said 
that a peach tree without manure was iu a dangcr- 
i ous condition. Last year was the only one in 
which the peach crop of Alton was a total failure. 
Dr. Warder, of Cincinnati, said that the best 
remedy he hud found for tho curculio was to 
" pound” the trees. Another remedy is to dig the 
ground around the roots until it ia loose, and then 
l pound it hard again; and another Is to wash the 
- tree with the following mixture:—one pound of 
- sulphur, one peck of lime, five gallons of warm 
i water—diluting the whole with a barrel of rain 
t water. 
l Mr. Stewart, of Adams Co., III., said that the 
s peach crop in hia region is a tolerably certain and 
did not assert positively that he knew the canse Drue*, 
of the blight; thought insects hadsomethizg to do Apricots.-Vrueh, Musch. 
with iu His experiments led him to believe this Re ^ Dutcb -' lV h ite Dutch, 
to be correct. He bad taken a piece of the blight Qmpes.- Catawba. 
ed bark and communicated the disease to a healthy S/rawAwrw—LoBgwortk’s Prolific, Hovey’s Seedling, 
tree by attaching it thereto. He preferred the ' ' ' ’ 
standard varieties to the dwarf. PBtJ,TS ™™**™* D *oa general cult.vation 
BETWKKX 31)5 AND 41 - NORTH LATITUDE. 
Judge Baker thought tho blight first made Its Summer ApplM _ Vpl , ow Snn . t EftI , y Harvest, Carolina 
appearance in 1824 in an apple orchard in Ran- June, Kvswk'r Oodtin, Swe»-i Jui>«, summer Rose, Dana, 
dolph county. The pea, tree, .ere not .ffeoted b..,.-. 
for some years afterward. In 1852 the pear and Janette, Win-* s»p, Whi-n Winter Pennnaln, Rambo, Au- 
the quince were seriously aff eted mseveral of the tn ™ Downing’s 
Eastern States. He taought tnat the cause of the Paragon (net* . Kameiisp, Roman Stem, white B*U- 
blight was the old sap iu the tree. Anything that « owt 'G Early Wt»tor Sweat, YriK>wBellflower,Swaar, Fal- 
’ - r \ D ton. l eek s Pleasant, sweet Non-itlch, 
would prevent rapid flow O. srp m the tree would Cherries.— American Hr^t-t, Knight's Early Black, Black 
act as a barrier to the progress of the disease. He |*a»rt,^Eit.>B, Yellow Spanish, White Tartarian, Ox Heart, 
did net consider it infectious. Regarding the Plums — Yeltew M'ljrnnm Bonam, Lombard,Green Gags, 
best trees, he considered the Seckel the most pro- German Prone, Cbkkaiaw (N. L. Shaw,) Blae Imperatrice. 
dnctlve, and least liable to be blighted. The Bart- APPLBS mcomenmu ?oe general cultivation. 
lett was good, but easily damaged. _ , _ . DJT o.r 
® , . , _ . ^ , bumner .—Early Harvest, P.ed June, bweet June, Early 
Mr. Stewar, of Adams Co., stated that tne leaf Pen nock, Hocking, KeHwick OmMio. 
blight in his region had laid an embargo on pear Autumn. Maiden's Blush, Fall Wine, Lowell, Sweet 
cultnre. In 3ome instances, within a few weeks, Brfigowe ^ gwMr> win0 Sap) white 
every tree ia a circuit of fifty miles was affected by Winter PearmsiD, willow t wig, Taiman Sweeting, Jona- 
, . than, Fulton, Ladies’ Sweeting, Herefordshire Pearmain, 
tnis disease. White Pippin, Whitoey'g Rusaet, Hinkler,(new,) Ramsd^’s 
Mr. Overman, of McLean Co., considered the leaf Sweet, Badey's Sweet.' 
blight equally disastrous in his region. He had -- 
examined the roots of diseased trees, and fonnd The Japan ?ea, Chufa, ic. Last spring 
ductive, ai,d least liable to be blighted. The Bart¬ 
lett was good, hut easily damaged. 
them black. 
Mr. Stewart, of Adams Co., said that all the 
blighted trees which he had examined were fibre¬ 
less. The leaf blight was a kind of consumption, 
which, although it did not always kill, waa fatal 
to the crop. The disease he had no doubt was im¬ 
ported. 
Mr. Overman had imported trees from France, 
entirely healthy, planted them in fresh soil, and 
yet the blight kiUed them. 
Mr. Avery, of Iowa, stated that he had seen a 
blighted apple tiee cured by inserting sulphur in 
the heart, with an anger. He had not, however, 
found out whether the sulphur had gone up into the 
tree, 
Mr. Coleman, of the Valley Finner, said that 
throughout Missouri, and particularly about Sh 
Louis, there was a large variety of seedling pear 
trees, planted by the old French settlera, from fifty 
to seventy-five and one hundred years ago. It was 
a rare thing to find any of these blighted. Where 
they had been attacked with the blight the only 
remedy waa to cut off the part affected. He did 
The Japan Pea, Cnt'FA, Ac.— Last spring 
among my garden seeds I obtained tbe Japan Pea 
Bash Sqaasb and Chufaor Earth Aimonde. Plant¬ 
ed on a loamy soil, the peas grow vigorously but 
show no signs of iriossom*. When will they bear, 
and how are they cooked? When should the 
Chufas be taken up, and how should they be kept? 
—will freezing injure them? When and how 
should the Bush Squash be cooked?—E. T., Win¬ 
chester, Ohio, Aug 11,1857. 
Remarks.— The above was mislaid, or it would 
have been answered before. The Japan Pea is a 
Bean, and has ripened in many parts of this State 
and also in the Eastern States. When the soil ia 
very rich it makea a strong growth and ripens late. 
It is recommended as being valuable for food for 
animals when cocked, as also for man; but we 
have no experience with it Tte Chufa was 
brought from Spain to this country, where it is 
said to be extensively cultivated. It grows some¬ 
thing like a rush or coarse grass, some two feet or 
more in height, producing small tubers about the 
size of beans, and resembling a Chestnut in taste. 
It flowers in September, and the tubers are bene- 
uot think the blight was caused by inse< ts, but by ■ fped by their removal. They are used in Spain 
the weather and atmosphere. Sultry weather was 
often the precursor of the disease. In planting 
dwarf trees, he thought they should always he 
planted deep and in rich soiL The leaf blight was 
not known in Missouri. 
Jadge Baker, of AltoD, stated that in his experi¬ 
ence the leaf blight and fire blight prevailed most 
among trees planted in carefully cultivated soil 
Mr. Kern, of Missouri, said that in Europe he had 
never heard of the leaf blight. The fire blight was 
principally for making a favorite drink said to be 
very refreshing. We have never tasted them 
cooked, and our correspondent must experiment 
for himself. Swine are'said to be fond of them.— 
The Bush Squash should be picked as soon as it 23 
well formed, and before it gets hard, boiled, peeled 
and mashed with butter. 
Wine Making.—I a your remarks on Wine Mak¬ 
ing, in a recent number of the Rural, yon dis- 
I sometimes prevalent, the only remedy for which couraged the use oi sugar and water in making 
was to cut off the limb affected. 
Dr. Warder recommended the grafting of the 
pear upon apple trees. He spoke disparagingly 
of the seedling pears spoken of by the Missouri 
gentleman. 
The President (Mr. Dunlap), said he had some 
wine. Now the custom always has been to mix 
from one to three quarts of water, and at least one 
pound of sugar, to every quart of juice. All the 
recipes I have seen give a method somewhat simi¬ 
lar. Who is right?— M. S., Montgomery Co., Pa. 
Remarks. —We know the custom has been to 
very fine dwarf trees planted in bis garden in Cook make a nrxlure of sugar and water, and pnt 
Co. As you proceed nothward, where there are 
snows on the ground, the pear is healthier. The 
leaf blight waa traveling westward with the "Star of 
Empire,—and it would visit Missouri yet, there was 
little doubt. It was more prevalent now in Western 
thau in Eastern Illinois, although two years ago it 
was exactly tbs opposite. He considered careful 
cultivation and drainage the best remedy for the 
blight. 
Mr. Overman, of McLean Co,, stated that by 
grafting the White Doyenne on the Virginia hedge 
thorn he had been very successful. The hedge 
then grows slow, but makes a beautiful, excellent 
and hardy pear. 
Mr. Bryant, of Bureau Co., III., had also some 
specimens grafted on the hedge thorn. They were 
the only trees ne had that were not killed by the 
blight. 
Mr. Edwards, of Bureau Co., Ill., had planted 
eighty varieties of dwarfs and standards, but now 
he had not more than twenty sound trees left. He 
recommended drainage of tne soil. 
raspberries. 
Mr. Coleman, of St. Louis, had tried raspberries. 
enough juice of the fruit to give it a kind of flavor, 
aud call it wine. This, however, is no wine at all, 
but a compound, and some of them w« have tasted, 
even at our Horticultural exhibitions, bad enough 
to give a person the cholic. Let us abandon the 
thing altogether, or have the jure juice of the 
fruit. The nse of water makes tte jaioe “ poor as 
dishwater,” hence the necessity for sugar. We 
never heard of but one successful case of turning 
water into wine, though thousands have tried 
and have thought they succteded. 
Bonustic (ficonomi). 
much surprised as he was to find that they were j profitable crop. There had only been two total 
the only trees ne had that were not killed by the Lemon Cakes.— Quarter as many lemous as you 
blight think proper; they must bave good rinds. Boil 
Mr. Edwards, of Bureau Co., Ill., had planted them in two or three waters till they are tender 
eighty varieties of dwarfs and atardards, but now and have lost their bitterness. Then skin and pnt 
be had not more than twenty sound trees left He them in a napkin to dry. With a knife take all the 
recommended drainage of tne soil. j a ^i D s and seeds out of the palp; shred the peels 
raspberries. fine, and put them into the pulp. Weigh them, 
Mr. Coleman, of St. Louis, had tried raspberries, and put rather more than their weight of fine 
and favored Brinckle’s Orange. It is hardy, aud sugar in a stew pan, with just sufficient wa'er to 
continues bearing a long space of time—a month d'ssotve tha sugar. Boil it till it becomes perfectly 
at least. In St. Louis the eommou American black dissolved, and then, by degrees, putin the peel 
raspberry brought seveuty ecu’s a quart in the | and pulps. Stir them well before you set them on 
early part of the season, and fifty cents throughout t the fire. Boil the whole very gently until it looks 
tbe season. The Franconia and the Fastolff are clear and thick, and then put it into flat-bottomed 
good to eat. The tree had borne fruit for three 
years, aud all this time the specimens had been 
bitten, found worthless, and thrown away, until the 
present season, when some one told his boy that 
if he would gather them and put them away they 
would “ get good.” He did ao, and, to the surprise 
of all, the Seckels were found to be "good for 
something.” A few weeks since a grocer in this 
city tried to soil us some Bifff'um pears at $1 50 per 
buBhtd. He said they were “ not very good, but 
would do for stewing.” In two weeks they were 
ripe and could have been sold for more than double 
the price asked. When will people read and learn 
what it is so much for their interest to know? 
failures in twenty five years—1842 and 1856. Tbe 
winter of 1855-56 bad cut nearly all the trees off 
Those left had, tho present season, borne well.— 
He did not think that these severe winters were 
entirely without profit to the fruit growers. They 
killed the curculio, so that during the present 
year the plum trees all over the oouutry are 
bearing. 
Capt. J. E. Starr, of Alton, said it often hap¬ 
pened that bndded fruit was killed while the seed¬ 
lings were saved. He thought the cause of this was 
that the budded trees grew faster and more tender 
than the seedlings. 
Mr. Stewart, of Adams Co., knew of peach trees 
tender and must be protected in winter. The | glasses. Set them in a stove and keep them in a 
North has the means to protect them, but they had continual and moderate heat, and turn them out 
to cover them up with loose soil. He had tried upon glasses as soon as they are candied. 
a hardy red—not the Antwerp—but equally pro- - 
lifio and valuable. It needs good cultivation. Sago Pudding. —Boil two ounces of sago with 
The President, (Mr. Dunlay) recommended tbe some cinnamon, and a Lit of lemon peel, till it be- 
cnltivation ot tbe raspberry. He recommended I oomea soft and thick. Mix the crumb of a small 
Brinckle’s Orange, but would not assure them of roll finely grated, with a glass of red wine, four 
its hardiness south of Springfield. The B:ack Cap ounces of chopped marrow, the J oIjs ot four egga 
waa the beat we could cultivate. 
Mr. Howard aud Judge Baker recommended tbe 
planting of raspberries on the north side of a fence 
or wall 
At the previous meeting of the Association, in 
well beaten, and sugar according to taste. When 
the sago is cold add this mixture to it; atir the 
whole well together, and set it in a moderate oven 
to bake. When done stick it over with citron cut 
in pieces, and afterwards blanched and cut in slips. 
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