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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
Individual or national welfare, PtHcuituro ia of 
primary importance, la propomon as nationa 
advance in population and other circumstances of 
maturity, this truth becomes more apparent, and 
renders the cultivation of the soil more and more 
an object of public patronage. * * * 
Among the means which have been employed to 
this end, none have been attended with greater 
success than the establishment of boards, oharged 
with collecting and diffusing information, and en¬ 
abled, by premiums and Btnall pecuniary aids, to 
enconrage and assist a spirit of dlsooveiy and Im¬ 
provement” On the 10th of December, 1799, 
Waahington addressed a long letter to the mana¬ 
ger of nis farms—the last elaborate production of 
hia pen—tranamitting a plat, drawn np on thirty 
written folio pages, containing directions for their 
cultivation for several year* to come. In seven 
days from the date of this letter hia own venerat¬ 
ed form was "Bown a natural body, to be raised a 
spiritual body.” 
Nearly all the successors of Washington in the 
Presidency of the United States, both the deceased 
and the living, passed or are passing their closing 
years in the dignified tranquillity of rural pursuits. 
One of the most distinguished of them, Mr, Jeffer¬ 
son, invented the hill-side plow. Permit me alao 
to dwell for a moment on the more recent example 
of the four great statesmen of the North, the West, 
aud the Sonth—whose names are the boast and 
the ornament ol the lust generation—Adams, Cal¬ 
houn, Clay and Webster,— who forgot the colossal 
anxieties,the store oontentions,the herculean labors 
and the thankless sacrifices, of the public service, 
in the retirement of the country, aud the calm and 
healthful pursuits of agriculture. 
scape at the close of the year, when seeds, and 
grains, and iruits have ripened, and stalks have 
withered and leaves have fallen, and winter nas 
f orced her icy enrb even into the roaring jaws of 
Niagara, and sheeted half a continent in her glit¬ 
tering shroud, and a<l this teeming vegetation and 
organized Hie are loebedin coldand marble obstruc¬ 
tion; aud, after week upon week and month upon 
month have swept with sleet, aud chilly rain, and 
howling storm, over the earth, and rivbted their 
bolts npon the door of nature's sepulchre;—wheo 
the sun at length begins to wheel in higher circles 
through the sky, and softer winds to breathe over 
melting snows,—did he ever behold the long hid¬ 
den earth at length appear, and soon the timid 
grass peep forth, and anon the autumnal wheat be¬ 
gin to paint the field, and velvet leaflets to burst 
from purple buds, throughout the reviving forest; 
and then the mellow soil to open its fruitful bosom 
to every grain and seed dropped from the plant¬ 
er’s hand, bnried but to spring up again, clothed 
with a new mysterious being; and then, aB more 
fervid suns inflame the air, and softer showers dis¬ 
til from the clouds, and gentler dews string their 
pearls on twig and tendril, did he ever watch the 
ripening grain and fra it, pendent from stalk aud 
vine, and tree; the meadow, the field, the pasture, 
the grove, each after its kind, arrayed in myriad- 
tinted garments, instinct with circulating life ; 
seven millions of counted leaves on a single tree,* 
each of which is a system whose exquisite com- 
©rrfcrti and (Darden 
would yield full crops for two or three seasons 
after. The price, product, &c., vary so much with 
circumstances, that we dislike to give an estimate 
ot profits, but with anything like fair treatment, 
and good sales $100 profit per acre, would be 
realized. 
We think favorably of the New Rochelle or 
Lawton Blackberry as a market fruit. It is a fine 
looking berry, and bears very large cropB, bat in 
many places it would have to compete with the 
wild blicxberry, which can be had for the picking, 
and though inferior to the New Rochelle in size is 
certainly equal to it in flavor. When we have 
more experience with it we shall be able to speak 
more decidedly. For either of the above, the 
ground will require only ordinary tillage. We 
would sub-soil tor any fmlt crop. Strawberries 
Bhould be planted about *brte feet each way, and 
at this distance an acre will 
The best market sorts 
Potatoes Rotting.— We continue to hear com¬ 
plaints from all parts of the country that the po¬ 
tatoes are rotting badly. The disease seems to 
have progressed rapidly since digging commenced. 
One field of about ten acres, all high and dry, and 
with a sandy soil, which we examined abont three 
weeks since, when digging was commenced, ap¬ 
peared pretty free from rot, not more than one per 
cent, being affected. The owner now informs ns 
that every day seemed to add to the proportion of 
rotten potatoes, until at the close of harvesting 
full ten per cent were rotten. In onr market, in 
consequence, they are increasing in price, and now 
range from five to six shillings per bushel. House¬ 
keepers are afraid to lay in their winter's supply, 
as many who have done so have lost the whole. 
retire 4,840 plants, 
can be bought at the nurse¬ 
ries at about $10 per thousand. _ 
should be planted at from six to eight feet. Plan¬ 
ters disagree as to the distance. At six feet, 1,200 
plants will be required for an acre, and at eight 
feet 680. The plants are advertised at $15 per 
hundred, and ia large quantities can be procured 
at lower rates. From these figures our correspon¬ 
dent and ail others can calculate the cost. 
Our opinion ia that nothing will pay better than 
raising pears on dwarf trees. In the last Rural, 
T. G. Yeomans, of Walworth, gives his experience 
in pear culture, on dwarf trees, in which he Bhows 
a profit of over $200 this year on one-third of an 
acre, from trees only six years planted; and over 
$500 from one acre and one-third. The variety he 
cultivates is the Dnchesse de Augouleme. Tne 
Louise Bonne de Jersey, is equally aa productive 
and valuable. There are several other varieties, 
which we would recommend, but he who com¬ 
mences with these two sorts will certainly be safe. 
An orchard of dwarf pear trees we would plant at 
least eight feet apart. Mr. Yeomans’ trees we think 
stand ten feet apart. At eight feet apart 680 treeB 
will be required for an acre, and at ten feet 430 — 
Fine two year old dwarf trees ear now be bought 
at trotn $20 to $25 per nundred. by the quantity. 
This is the best age for planting. 
Quinces, though so much neglected, are well 
worthy of attention. They keep- well, may be 
shipped to any distance safely, and are in great de¬ 
mand at the West, and ell places where fruit is 
scarce. A farmer recently informed ns that 
he had educated his children on half an acre of 
quinces. 
Wherever the Isabella Grape will ripen well, 
they should be grown, as nothing will pay better. 
An acre of good Isabella grapes well planted and 
trained, is better than $5,000 in any bank in the 
world. We hope these hints will afford onr cor¬ 
respondent all the information he needs. 
Blackberries 
One of these 
four great men it was not my fortune personally to 
behold in the enjoyment of these calm and rational 
pleasures, but I well remember hearing him say, 
with a radiant countenance, that there was nothing 
in the iriurnpbs or honors of public life so grate¬ 
ful to his feelings as hia return to nis home in 
Carolina, a: the close of the session of Congress, 
when every individual on his plantation, not ex¬ 
cepting the humblest, came out to bid him welcome 
and to receive the cordial pressure of his hand. 
1 was often the witness ot the heartfelt satisfaction 
which Mr. Adams enjoyed on his ancestral acres, 
especially In contemplating the trees planted by 
himself, thousands ot which are now scattered over 
the estate. While he ministered in this way to the 
Tns Failure of tee Potato Crop in England. 
—The London Star of Oct. 6th says that the antic¬ 
ipations which bad np to that time prevailed of a 
plenti ful crop of potatoes in that country had been 
suddenly dispelled. The Star says:—» Within the 
last few weeks, however, the rot has manifested it¬ 
self in the most extraordinary manner. Hundreds 
of acres will not pay for the digging, as the pota¬ 
toes, although looking very well when first taken 
out of the ground, in 24 hoars are unfit for use._ 
Unfortunately this sudden manifestation of the 
disease is not confined to any particular district, 
bat seemB very general. This is very sad intelli¬ 
gence for the poor, aa it will practically put this 
valuable esculent beyond their reach. Fortunate¬ 
ly, however, we have had a plent fol harvest.” 
Take Care of the Stock.— November has ar¬ 
rived and will doubtless bring his usual supply of 
cold, raw winds, sleet and snow, and it .behooves 
each farmer to look well to the interests of his 
stock, as, at the same time, he will be paying par¬ 
ticular attention to his own pecuniary good. This 
is a trying month for domestic animals, and should 
they lose flesh now it will be “ up-hill work ” to 
recover condition before spring. A little extra 
labor and care will be well repaid. 
A Good Yield.—Selah Vosbcrgh, of Alabama, 
Genesee Co., has been trying the Blue Mercer Po¬ 
tato on a small scale, and gives his experience as 
follows:—‘ Last fall I was at Medina Depot and 
saw there a quantity of fine looking potatoes, 
called Bine Mercers. I took three of them home, 
and planted them this spring. This fall harvested 
and measured the product, and had two bushels 
and a peck from the three potatoes. Soil a sandy 
loam.” 
“ Be Kind to Your Horses,” 9ays a writer in 
the Ohio Cultivator, and proceeds to argue the 
wherefore in this sensible wise:—” In tbe coarse of 
my life I have seen a good many horses, some 
too, that were called ngly horses. Now, it is my 
opinion that there is no use of owning what might 
be called an ngly horse. Use the whip and spar 
le. 18 , and in their place put kindness. Three grains 
of kindness are worth all the whips and spars in 
the world ia breaking a colt There are a great 
many horses injured for want of kindness. This I 
am sure no one will pretend to deny. The colt 
has never been handled. The man, with several 
others to help him, drives the colt into the Btable. 
He then forces a bit into his mouth, and if there 
is one among them that dares, he jumps upon bis 
back, well armed with a stout whip, and very often 
a spur; these he does not forget to use. He clings 
to the colt’s back as long as he is able, bnt is finally 
thrown off - . He tries again and again, until, com¬ 
pletely exhausted, the colt is obliged to yield, 
that is for the time being. Is this the way to 
break colts? No, to be sure it is not. The golden 
rale will apply here as well as anywhere. So be 
kind to yonr horses, my gentle friends.” 
In time of Peace trkparb for War mmt 
Some horticltnriBts, nurserymen, editors and oth¬ 
ers, ever alive to novelties, are just now saying and 
writing a good deal abont a Hop Tree found grow, 
ing in the grounds of a gentleman in Connecticut, 
and we give an engraving taken from a daguer¬ 
reotype of tbe tree. 
It will be seen from the fol¬ 
lowing extracts that the tree is not claimed to be 
new, but the value of the hop-like seed vessels, as 
a substitute for the genuine hops:—“This species 
of the hop has long been known and cultivated as 
an ornamental shade tree, but its utility and supe¬ 
riority over the common hop has not, until re¬ 
cently, been known and acknowledged. It bears 
the hops in prolific clusters, they are of greater 
strength and greater flavor; and the tree in every 
respect combines utility with ornament. All who 
ever used this hop are said to pronounce it supe¬ 
rior to the common variety, a much less quantity 
answering all the purposes of this article. This 
tree is 3aid to be hardy, and adapted to any soil or 
location, and deserves to supersede (as at no dis¬ 
tant day it will) the unsightly hop-poles to be seen 
in many gardens.” 
We have never seen the tree, but we have tasted 
the hops from it, and unless onr taste is more than 
usually at fault, it has not one-half the strength of 
the common hop, and we have not the least idea 
that it will ever supersede It It bears its seeds 
something like the Atlanchus, and in a similar 
husky cohering; and we suppose it to be the 
Peieiea tripolm-'a, Shrubby Treefoil or Hop Tree, 
as it has long been called by some. This has beeu 
used as a substitute for hops by the pioneer settlers 
for half a century. 
that he was discharging no small portion of the 
debt which each generation owes to its successors. 
Adopting a tree as the device of his seal, he added 
to it, as the expressive motto, the words which 
Cicero quotes with approbation from an ancient 
Latin poer, Alteri sceculo. Mr. Adams took partic¬ 
ular pleasure in watching the growth of some 
white maples, the seeds of which he had gathered 
as they dropped from the parent trees in front of 
that venerable li3ll :a Philadelphia which echoed 
to hia honored father’s voic ■ in the great argu¬ 
ment of American Independence. At Ashland, in 
1829,1 rode ocer his extensive farm, with the ilina- 
triona orator and statesman of the West; and as 
the “swinish multitude,” attracted by the salt 
which he liberally scattered from his pocket, ca me 
running about na, in the beautiful woodland pic¬ 
ture, carpeted with that famous Kentucky blue 
grass, he good-humoredly compared them to the 
office-seekers, who hurry to Washington, at the 
commencement of the adm inistration: attracted by 
the well-flavored relish of a good salary. Mr. 
Webster, reposing on bis farm, at Marshfield, from 
the toils ot 'he forum, and the conflicts of the 
Senate, resembled the mighty ocean, which he 60 
much loved, which, after assaulting the cloudy bat¬ 
tlements of the «ky, with all the seethlug artillery 
of his furious billows, when the gentle sonth-west 
wind slugs truce to the elemental war, calls home 
his rolling monutalns to their peaceful level, and 
mirrors the gracious heavens in his glassy bosom. 
The culture of the soil has, in all ages been re¬ 
garded as an appropriate and congenial occupa¬ 
tion for declining life. Cicero, in his admirable 
treatise on “Old Age,” speaking in the person of 
Cato the Elder, to whom I have already referred 
whenhecomes to consider the pleasures within 
the reach of the aged, gives the most prominent 
place to those which may be enjoyed in agricultu¬ 
ral pursuits. These, he adds, are not impaired by 
the advance of years, and approach, as near as 
zing glories of Orion’s belt,— and does he still 
maintain that a miracle is contrary to experience? 
If he has, and if he does, then let him go, in the 
name of Heaven, and say that it ia contrary to ex¬ 
perience, that the August Power which turns the 
clods of the earth into the daily bread of a thou¬ 
sand million souls could feed five thousand in the 
wilderness 1 
One more suggestion, my friends, and I relieve 
your patience. As a work of art, I know few 
things more pleasing to the eye, or more capable 
of affording scope and gratification to a taste for 
the beautiful, than a well situated, well cultivated 
furm. The man of a refinement will hang with nev¬ 
er-wearied gaze on a landscape by Claude or Sal¬ 
vator; the price of a section of the most fertile 
land In the West would not purchase a few Bquare 
feet of the canvas on which these great artists 
have depicted a rural scene. Bnt nature has forms 
and proportions beyond the painter's skill; her 
divine pencil touches the landscape with living 
lights and shadows, never mingled on liis pallet,— 
What is there on earth which can more entirely 
charm the eye or gratify the taste, than a noble 
farm! It Btands upon a southern slope, gradually 
rising with variegated ascent from the plain, shel¬ 
tered irom ihe north-western winds by woody 
heights, broken here and there with mojs-covered 
boulders, which impart variety aud strength to the 
outline. The native forest has been cleared from 
the greater part of the farm, bnt a suitable portion 
carefully tended, remains in wood for economical 
purposes, and to give picturesque effect to the 
landscape. The eyes range round three-fourths of 
the horizou over a fertile expanse,—bright with 
the cheerful waters of a rippling stream, a gener¬ 
ous river, or a gleaming lake;—dotted withham- 
siips or cuttings.— New Beginner, Snowoille, Va., 
Oct., 14,18.57. 
Remarks.— The grape flourishes on any soil, and 
any decent situation, though low lands, river bot¬ 
toms and valleys are the most unfavorable. They 
are subject to late vernal frosts, which are some¬ 
times disastrous to the tender young shoots of the 
vine, and are also liable to early frosts in the 
autumn. The soil in such situation is .-ometimes 
too rich in vegetable matter, and unless nnderlaid 
witn gravel is apt to be injuriously moist. Still, 
we have never seen better grapes than those grown 
in what might bs called a valley, in this section of 
che State,almost surrounded with high and shelter¬ 
ing hills. Hill sides are generally preferred, and 
perhaps the majority select those with a southern 
exposure, though some prefer those sloping east- 
warily, and still others claim that a western expo¬ 
sure offers superior advantages. Mr. Longworth 
says a southern exposure is often too hot. Some 
even prefer a northern slope on account of their 
immunity from spring frosts, where the bud 3 are 
not forced so early as in more sunny situations.— 
Ia this locality, where we need all the sun we can 
get to ripen the fruit, we should select a southern 
exposure, if possible, and next to this an eastern. 
Having selected the situation, the next thing is 
the preparation of the soil If at all wet it must 
be thoroughly drained. Then it should be broken 
up to the depth of two feet, and thoroughly ma¬ 
nured, unless naturally very rich. In Western 
New York we raise the Isabella grape, principally 
for market, and plant them some twelve to sixteen 
feet apart each way, and train on trellises. In the 
neighborhood of Cincinnati the Catawba is culti¬ 
vated principally for wine, and are planted abont 
four feet each way and trained on poles. At 
twelve feet apart it will take abont S00 plants for 
an acre, and they can be bought at about $12 per 
hundred. The large vine-growers generally plant 
the cuttings, putting two in each place where it is 
designed to have a vine. After they have grown 
one year, if both lives, one is removed. At four 
feet apart each way 2,762 cuttings will plant an 
acre, bnt if two is planted, double this number 
will be required. These cuttings are advertised 
by the Cincinnati nurserymen at from $2 to $2 50 
per thousand. 
The cost of planting an acre will depend a good 
deal upon the ground. If steep it will have to be 
terraced or ” benched.'' Mr. Longworth says he 
We continue our hints commenced last week, 
and of which, we hope, all have taken good beed. 
Aa long as the ground is open trees and plants 
may be put out in dry situations. All wintqr 
vegetables Bhould now be harvested and saved, if 
not already done. Beets, carrots^ turnips and 
other roots for table nse, place ia bins in the cel¬ 
lar. Cabbage, where the quantity i 3 not large, may 
also be kept in the cellar, but will keep well if 
placed in a trench out of doors, with the roots 
downwards, covering up the entire stalk with 
earth. Then cover with straw and boards to keep 
out the rain. They will slso keep if placed in 
trenches with the roots upwards, and entirely cov¬ 
ered with earth, but it is difficult to get them when 
wanted on account of frost. CauLJawei- that have 
not headed, will often form heads in the winter if 
planted iu the cellar. A few barrowfula of earth 
will answer for a large number. Celery will keep 
well in the cellar if covered up with dry sand.— 
Parsnips that are needed for winter use should be 
covered with earth or sand in the cellar. For 
spring use they should remain in the ground. 
Asparagus beds should have a good covering of 
manure, and a good dressing of manure for the 
Rhubarb will help it wonderfully. All weeds and 
such things that would harbor mice should he re¬ 
moved, and trees iu orchards where they have 
proved troublesome, might be protected by tin 
placed around the tree, or two pieces of drain tile, 
as before recommended in the Rural. 
n P° n suggestion, the watchful farmer will 
look to his root-pits, or root-cellars—to the home 
of his animals, and laet, though not least, to the 
home of hia family, and will stop every crevice so 
that the most searching wind will not be able to 
discover any “port of entry.” The laggard will 
probably " take no thought of the morrow,” and 
will defer action until, in his own good time, ii is 
deemed necessary. We are fearful that those who 
attempt, to counteract the coquetting of Jack after 
Ma a " lvfl! - wil1 and plenty of work to do with 
very little time to do it In; while the result may 
be reckoned up—frozen potatoes, pinched and 
poverty-stricken stock, corporeal sy-eem about 
zero, mental organization anything but tool if 
ever a woman has a “right” to scold. It is when 
she is so unfortunate as to be tied to a man who is 
forever "putting off till to-morrow what should be 
done to-day.” If it were our misfortune to be 
thus bound, we would give the "uuraly member” ] 
free license to run, and should even be inclined to 
advocate a gentle use of woman's last resort, the 
-those who have heard the rush it makes when 
"cleaving the thin air” do not need the mention 
of its title—those who have not, when introduced, 
will never sigh for a second meeting. Individuals 
“constitutionally tired,” who cannot bear “ distur¬ 
bances of the peace,” will take the hint. 
pebbly bed, here an I there u granu rock* whose 
cool Shadow at sunset streams across the field; all 
displaying, Iu the real loveliness of nature, the ori 
Sinai of those landscapes of which art in its rer- 
tcotion strives to give ua rho counterfeit present- 
meut. Animals of select breed, such as Paul Fet¬ 
ter, and Morland, and Landseer, and Rosa Bon- 
hear never painted, roam the pastures, or till the 
hurdles AJid the stalls; tho plow walks in rustic 
insjeHty across the pLip, and opens the genial bo¬ 
som of the earth to the san and air; nature's holy 
xacrament of seed-time is solemnized beneath the 
vaulted cathedral sky; silent dews and gentle 
showers, aud kindly sunshine, shed their sweet in- 
fluence ou Urn teeming soil; springing verdure 
olothe* toe |»lafaa; golden wavelets, driv-.-n by the 
west wind, run over the joyous wheat-field; the 
‘ n , h . er Cr ' 8py leavofl Wld nodd ‘«F 
b nW' " l<,r a " d we res', while 
we wuxi aud while we sleep* God's chemistry 
which we <anm»t see, s? 06 h on 
myriads ami myriad 
e omental life; g.-m andM 2k ?n i / 5 ? 
cr, and silk and tassel, and grata Jnd frjil grow 
up from the common earth -—the mnL; . bK 
Chine and reaper—mate rival,. h n ™5. l ma ' 
Eds. Rural: —Please to tell me through the Rtr- 
sal what woold be your plan for improving an 
acre or two of good soil, lying ia easy access 
by railroad to a good market, so as to gain the 
largest returns from it in the shortest time. We 
thought of the Lawton Blackberry and Strawber¬ 
ries, as promising as much iu this direction a 3 any¬ 
thing we could adopt; but still our inexperience 
makes us hesitate until we can get an expression 
of yonr better judgment. With it give an estimate 
of the expense as near as practicable of whatever 
plan yon propose. What kinds of fruit, dwarf 
pears, Ac., would be auxiliaries, in this direction? 
—One of vora Reapers.— Hector, N, K, Stvt. 
Ol lb:*? J ? 
An iRisn Farm.—A late foreign paper says:_ 
The farm now cultivated by Allen Pollock in the 
West of Ireland consists of 20,000 ucros. There 
are under turnips 2 000 acres; oats 3,000; wheat 
1,200; potatoes 400. He has 1,000 head of oattle 
or stall feeding, 400 working horses, and pays 
i.4 000 monthly in wages. There have been erect¬ 
ed on it fifty miles of stone fence. 
WSfWWV’bV',^ 
