MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND EAMILY NEWSPAPER 
THE JAPAN QUINCE 
Eds. Rural: —I am a p>ur man and cultivate 
only a few acres of land, bat I can’t help taking 
the Rural New-Yobker. 7 think roy land is cul¬ 
tivated better because I read the papers. I know 
my wife is happier because she knows the Rural 
is paid ior and will keep coming to our Post-office 
for a, year longer. I see in your l.ist two papers 
that there seems to be some difference of opinion 
as to whether Birawberriea are staminate and pis¬ 
tillate. I want to 1 ell you my experience. My wife 
bad some nice cede of strawberries. They were 
set ont in the way generally recommended. They 
were Barr’s New Pine with Early Scarlet by their 
aide. Early Scarlet is staminate. Barr’s New 
Pine is pistillate. These beds always bore plenty. 
We wanted some new beds. We .picked oat some 
nice young plan's from the Bu r’s >ew Pirn* B:dP ( 
as we Used the berries better than any other. We 
planted a new bed on the other side of the lot. I 
dng It deep and manured it well. This was two 
years ago. This bed na3 gt.at nice vines. They 
blossom well in the spring, lie never bad a berry 
from this bed yet that was fair and well grown— 
The other beds keep bearing first rate. Now gen 
tlemen can taik eboat staminate and pistillate, I 
know that when I s t out B'rawt'erry beds I shall 
sec oat the kinds that will bear all alone, or I will 
put the Usrly Scarlet by their side that will help 
them bear. Brighton. 
December, 1857. 
The Japan Quince is a prickly 
irregular, spreading bash, and one 
of the most attractive of onr spring- 
flowering sbrnbs. The flowers are 
large, as shown in the engraving, 
and of a moet brilliant scarlet — 
Breck says, very truly, that the hue 
of the scarlet color is so brilliant 
that no artist can find a tint that 
will convey an idea of its splendor. 
It blooms in April, and the flowers 
are in clusters along the branches, 
interspersed with the yonDg leaves. 
The plant is hardy in this latitude, 
thrives well in any good garden soil, 
and the plants flower when qaite 
small, attaining when full grown a 
height of from six to efght feet. 
There is a Blush variety, with del¬ 
icate rose colored and blush flow¬ 
ers, and when contrasted with the 
dark sort, the relief is very agreea¬ 
ble. There is also a “ Double- kind, 
which has occasionally a double and 
sometimes a treble row of petals. 
The common scarlet variety, how¬ 
ever, we thiDk as beautiful as can 
be desired. The hardiness of the 
shrub, and the brilliancy of the flow- 
era mast ever render it an agreeable 
appendage to the shrubbery, lawn 
or flower garden, and when gener¬ 
ally known it will become as popular 
and be as universally planted as the 
Lilac and Snowball In the Spring 
of 1856 we saw this plant in flower 
in gardens in Illinois, although the 
previous winter had been so severe 
as to kill most of the apple trees 
in the orchards around. In the same 
Stive, in the garden of an ama*enr, 
we saw several hundred lee-, of orna¬ 
mental hedge composed entirely of 
this plant. It was then quite small, 
bat must, in a few years make a most 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO TREES 
The inventive genius of American mechanics, 
and the perfection of American machinery, are 
now duly appreciated ia England. The Bigelow 
loom, for the wearing oi celve*%od other tapestry 
carpetings,has been introduced, wi'h the warmest 
admiration of its effective and Ingenious capacity, 
aDd the beamy and economy of its working. Mr. 
Bigelow’s invention consists o< a single apparatus 
attached to the loom, by which tne shuttles are 
selected in their order, carried to their place, and 
pat, in operation without the 1 sm of an instant, and 
by wnich the production of the loom dally is 
quadrupled. This relates to the loom for weaving 
tne three-ply carpeting; but a very different ap¬ 
paratus was required for the production of the 
Brussels and coach lace fabrics. In these the pat¬ 
tern is formed entirely by the warp of the goods, 
while the weft ia only a strong thread -> bind end 
secure the fabric together. The pile of the Bras 
eels is formed by the insertion of wires in the pro¬ 
cess of weaving, over which the loop of the thread 
ia formed, and these wires were form- rly inst.ici 
by hand at every blow of the loom, and withdrawn 
alter a short piece had been woven, to be used 
again; but in the Bigelow loom this is done by the 
machine itself, for by the side of the cloth is 
placed a pair of pincers, which, with every stroke 
of the loom, advance, draw out a wire from a por¬ 
tion already completed, retire and insert it in its 
place in a portion of the warp when the next loop 
is to be formed, and repeat the operation with 
great rapidity and accuracy. 
made a "ion.: 'he carious insects of which in¬ 
quiry is ni e i the Drop- Worm, or Basket- 
Worm as ib- ire sometimes ca!l J d, which are 
very destract.iv »o Arbor Vitse and other resin 
ous trees, p i < ulirly in the Southern and Middle 
States. We give a description an i drawings of the 
insect from 1’ of Haiidis: 
“These insects inhabit the Swamp Cedar, Arbor 
Vitse, Larch and Hemlock, with other lesinons 
trees; but occasionally they attack the Linden, the 
Maple, and even frnit trees They belong to Mr. 
Guilding's American gpnus Oiketicus; aDd, ss 
they do not aeem to have received a scientific 
name, I shall venture to give them that of Oiketi- 
cus Conifer arum, from their preference to trees of 
the cone bearing tribe. 
As soon as the drop-worms are hatched, they 
make and conceal themselves in little silsen cases, 
open at each end, and covered externally with bits 
of leaves, twigs, Ac. These cases are enlarged, as 
the insect increases in size, by the addition of 
materials within and without, and finally be- 
Gbafs Trellises and Willow Hedges.— To 
make a good 'reliis 'or erape vino, take two 
pieces 2 by 3 of any dc r, b e wood, four ffet long, 
unite them at one end at ru. in angle that by 
placing two mitred ends toe- h-r the other ends 
will stand two or three feet, aps ; fasten them 
solid at the top or point; then make another such, 
and place them ten or twelve feet apart, nail a 
strip of board to the top,and another on each side 
about half way to the ground. Thus you have a 
portable trellis, whier. you wiit find very convenient 
in lettiDg your vines down to the ground these 
cold wioterp. 
Will John Sanfisld. or seme one else, tell nr 
through tae Rural wnat size and length, and at 
what d'srance apart, willow cuttiDgs should be s t 
for hedges? -iso some information in regird to 
their after-treatment?— Chautacque, N. Y No¬ 
vember 23,1857. 
more 
ootne oblong oval pods, with long somewhat cylin¬ 
drical extremities. The inhabitant carries its 
house about on its Lack, as the snail does its shell 
when it is moving and feeding; fastens it by a few 
threads when it wishes to rest; or lets it drop by 
a thread when it wishes to descend from one branch 
to another; hence,in Philadelphia, where these in¬ 
sects are abundant, they have acquired the name of 
These worms attain their full size 
From a pamphlet published at Washington, we 
glean some particulars respecting the number of 
paten's granted by the United States govennent 
prior to the year 1857 The number of titles 
anioums to 3.768, end on these have been issued 
24,398 paten- which, with the exception of 517 
granted to t'oreigu countries, have been applied 
for by ci izecs of this country. New York heads 
the list wi:a 5 864 patents. Massachusetts conies 
next, with 3 803, followed by Pennsylvania with 
2 645, Connecticut wir.n 1 822, anu Ohio with 1,668. 
Maryland stands s ; xth on the list, with 897, and 
Virgi iia eighth with 779 The six New England 
S ,aes a.-' am :iig i: e firs' 13 on the list. Florida 
and Ark-, e s coon .ast.te.e form*-r with 8 and the 
Utter v 7 parents Out of 23 891 patents grant¬ 
ed in this country, 20,396 have been issued to resi 
deats of he States, and 3,495 to those of slave 
St itts, or marly in proportion of six to ona— 
among the foreign nations Great Britain takes the 
lead with 360 parents, followed by France with 33. 
Canada stands third with 14. 
drop-worms. 
by the middle of September, and then fasten the 
upper end of their cases to a twig of the tree by a 
strong silken band. The weight of the case, with 
its elasiicity, closes the oppPr orifice, from which 
the worm has been accustomed to protrude its 
heal and forelegs when feeding; the insect then 
turns round within the pod, so as to direct its head 
towards the lower cylindrical orifice, and thus 
awaits its change to a chrysalis. The worms 
which produce the female insect* are mnch larger 
than those of the males, and there is Ihe same dif¬ 
ference in the siz? of tbt ir pods and of their chry¬ 
salids, Female worms attain the length of one 
inch and a half, those of ihe males only about one 
inch. The head and fore part of the body are 
white, spotted with black; the rest of the body is 
livid or blackish. The first three segments are 
each provided with a pair of stout jointed claw¬ 
like legs. The tail and four intorrnsdiate segments 
are furnished with a pair or very short holders, or 
prop-legs. The male chrysalis ia a little more than 
six-tenths of an inch long, of a'dsrk brown color, 
and exhibits the sheaths of the wings, and limbs 
of the future moth, which escapes from it towards 
the end of September or early in October, imme¬ 
diately before which the chrysalis forces itself half 
way ont of the lower end i f its case. The fe¬ 
male chrysalis la nine-tenths of an inch long, or 
more, ot the same color aa that of the males, but 
without any vestige of wing-sheaths or limbs — 
There ia a prominent ridge over the fore part of 
the body. When the included female is matured, 
ti e skin of the chrysalis splits at the ridge, so as 
to form an opening in the shape of the letter T, 
and through this opening the Approaches of the 
male moth are made, the female remaining all the 
wbilo no* only enclosed in her pod, but also en 
cased in the skiD of the chrysalis. In this skin, 
also, she leys her numerous eggs, gradually with¬ 
drawing her emaciated body as she fills the pnpa 
skin, and finally closing the upprr part of the skin 
with a thick layer of lawn-colored down, stripped 
from her own body. Having finished her labors, 
she crawls out of the pod, entirely shriveled up, 
drop9 oft and dies, or more rarely perishes at the 
mouth of her pod. She is entirely destitute of 
wings, and her legs are exiremeh minute, and resem¬ 
ble little tubercles. The male moth, on the con¬ 
trary, is fully provided with wings and limbs Its 
body, which measures rather more than half an 
inch in length, is covered with long blackish 
brown down. Us wings are seini-transparent, end 
are very scantily clothed with blackish scales, 
which are thickest on the margins and veins. The 
antennas are curved at the lips, and are d >ubly 
feathered from the base to beyond the middle.— 
good sta’ks. The plants are puny, miserable things, 
forced in a hot-bed, and grown so thick that they 
are slender and worthless. Everyone can raise their 
own plants weii by sowing toe seed abont the ms ... 
die of'April, oi first, of May in a warm situation.— 
8ow ia drill* about half an inch deep and ten or 
twelve inches apart, and quite thin. After sowing, 
it the weat i r is dr 5 , watering must be freely re¬ 
sorted to. After the plants come up keep the 
ground well hoed and all weeds destroyed, and 
thin them out so that they wili have plenty of room 
to grow without being crowded. Every dry 6 pel 
water thoroughly, and do not allow them to be¬ 
come checked in their growth, as nothing injures 
celery plants so much as this. When once stunted 
•they never recover. 
Eds. Rural: —I wish to inquire ot yon and of 
yonr readers the mo-t successful way to cultivate 
celery. 1st. What soil is best lor rapid growth, 
good length, and to prevent rust? 2.1. How deep 
is best to set, to att-.iu the above results, a id to 
combine ease of culture? 3d. What time ot yeuT 
is best to set out for market purposes, and what 
age and height should it be? Ih What is the 
best method to hili up and how often. 5th. Isihere 
any certain specific for the prevention of rust, or 
anything which will stop it after it has nude :s 
appearance? 
Now I offer the reward of twenty-five dollars to 
any one who will give plain and practical direc¬ 
tions for the cultivation of celery which shall in¬ 
clude- plain answers to the first four qnes'ious and 
a certain remedy, preventive < r cure for the ras', 
which will answer the last question. I will pay 
the above sum the moment that 1 have proved 
them, or I will pay the above sum for anything 
which will prevent rust. Any one desirous of 
giving the information, may address “Celert,” 
Johnson’s Creek, N. Y., or through the Rural,— 
I*. W. Yaine. 
Remarks.—W e have always succeeded in grow- 
Maki'G Raisins —(G W. P., Dayton, Ohio,) — 
No sugar is used in making Raisins. Trey are 
simply dried upon the ground, in clusters, as toey 
are picked from toe vines, being handled as li tie 
as possible. Wert, ived last winter afew buncoes 
of the Delaware grape, b - express, when, in conse¬ 
quence of the la' eti* ss of '.he season, and delay, 
they were almost raisins, the sugar contained in 
them being cancied. There ia no doubt but this 
grape will make raisins, but it will be a good while 
before we can spare many for this purpose. 
The Atlantic Cable— How and When to be 
Laid .—Tbe portions o- Vne Atlantic Cable oa the 
Agamsmnon and Niagara have been taken Irem 
those vessels and coiled in water tight apartments 
for the purpose of submitting u e whole to tes's 
daring the winter. Experiments are to be made 
so as to ascertain not only its electric capabili¬ 
ties, but the rate .t which each si gab! ,-an he 
transmitted, anti the effect whi h the diff-rent 
periods ot the day, the temperature and state of 
the atmosphere have upon it. Tbe next attempt 
to lay the cable will be made in mid-summer next 
year; but the process of submerging will com¬ 
mence in the middle of the Atlanrie, ihe two ves¬ 
sels engag'd sailing for Ireland and Newfound¬ 
land. respectively. Three thousand miles of cable 
instead of 2,600, as at first, are to he coiled Iu the 
vessels, and the manufacture of the adJLi >nal 
quantity has been eommencr d Tbe Trans-Atlan¬ 
tic Telegraph Company have placed the entire 
supervision oft eeuterprise iu the hands of Cyrus 
W. Field, and have appointed as its engineer, tbe 
engineer o- t ie Niagara. 
The New Canada Wine Grape — (B, Cady, 
Austerlitx j—We know nothinof this grape more 
than we Lave published n the Rural. Some of 
tbe fruit, we had reason to suppose would be sent 
us this fdt for examination, but, we have not re. 
cclved any. With our present knowledge we 
would not advise persons to invest much In p ants 
or cuttings. 
Ab rabbits and mice do much injury to trees 
daring tne winter season, in aim-st all par s of 
the country, we give amethodof preventing t-hpir 
ravages, as reportidin ihe French Journals, by 
J. Girakpin : 
“All gardening amateurs know, by experience 
that rabbits aud hares are very fond oi the ba?k 
of young apple trees of a year's growth, and es 
peeially of dwarf apple trees, of which the most 
vigorous and healthy, are always attacked the first, 
because tbe bark is more tender aud savory. 
Aa soon as the ground is covered with snow, 
these animals, finding nothing to nibble iu the 
fields, begin toeir devastations in the gardens; if 
they are numerous, and the snow is abundant, a 
few nights will snffiefe to ruin completely the most 
beautiful plantation, and destroy the result of 
several years’ labor aud care. Only a short time 
since, three hundred fruit trees in tbe gardens and 
orchards of a land owner in the village oi Othel, 
in the province of Hanover, in Belgium, were en¬ 
tirely stripped of their hark. 
Fortunately, nothing is easier than to shelter 
one’s trees from the attacks of these marauders, 
that are protected by the law; the following 
method is employed by M. le Baron Vender Strae- 
ten de Wailb t, for six or seven years, with entiie 
success: 
He infuses anont two pounds of quick lime, io 
nearly three gallons of water; he throws several 
haniriois of soot into this liquid, ano stirs it until | 
these two substances are thoroughly mixed. He 
then makes a paste of a handful of fine rye flour 
anr, binds it in the form ot a brush, upon a stick, 
and with tins mixture he cover the branches and 
the trunk of hia trees, from the ground to the 
heighten at least a yard; as, it tbe snow should ! 
be heaped np at the toot of the trees, by the wind, j 
the hares could by i's help, attain a greater height 
on the bark of the tree. 
Tir's mixture applied quite warm, possesses tbe 
tddtttonal advantage of keeping the ' ark iu a 
state of preservation and health, and preventing 
the growth of moss, of which the effect is often 
I injutious, and which is always disagreeable to 
hing. Then hold the sight, 
h one band, and p’.iee It is best to nse this meant of protection early 
thern, but not so high I >n November, during a season, wfai b will allow 
ie centre of tbe plant, j the mixture to adhere to the bark wuiie drying.— 
1 pulverized, ami the I ■ there should be -ain during tbe operation, or 
one on a wet day, or immediately after, ihe trees would be washed and 
H will be necessary « would bave to be repeated. 
Where celery is cul- If n should be done coring a frost, there wonld 
can be done with lesi be bat little chance of success. The plaster with 
which the bark had bt-eu covered might be thrown 
Asionaily troubled ns, ott io a thaw. If, however, by want of prudence, 
tad no difficulty in ns the operation is overtaken by the frost, and it is 
Dseqaently the cure_ necessary to act quickly, it may be done with suc- 
or tne plants are wet, cess, by selecting that time of the day, when the 
3 get in between the trees are most exposed to the direct rays of the 
es. We have severa; son. 
rse-shoe drain tile for Twelve pints of this mixture will be sufficient to 
with very satisfactory protect three or four hundred dwarf trees against 
on’y placed just high the hares or rabbits, and may be obtained fora few 
place. Occasionally cent* worth of lime and one day’s laeor of an ae- 
adly. | tive roan. This method is equally infallible for 
our cities and villages I preserving the grafts of all nursery trees.’’ 
Planting Trees. —Taylor, literary editor of 
the Chicago Journal, truly says that the man has 
not lived in vain, who has only sung a song that 
saved a tree, or has planted what shall be life and 
leaf and shadow, by and by ; who has encourag' d 
these free-holders of Natnr-. to clos er boldly 
around bi9 dwelling, and has numbered them at 
last among kindred and friends. There have been 
meaner epitaphs than this: 
He planted a Trek, 
and they 
That Teclined in its shadow. 
Rise np and call him 
Blessed. 
Southern Crockery. —The discovery of “Cao- 
liuj'the fine clay of which China and granite ware 
is made, in South Carolina and Georgia, has intro¬ 
duced among ns sno'ber branch of industry, imely 
to prove of great commercial value to ns. As 
crockery is an a- licle of almosr oni versa! consump¬ 
tion, we may expect it to become sn article of ex¬ 
tensive exportation. 
The "Southern Porcelain Manufacturing Co.” 
have a capital of $50 000, and own a bed of 25 
acres of the day, which is r rerun' ced to be cquil 
to the foreign Their works a r e about six miles 
from Bath, near the South Carolina Railroad.— 
They have deg Iowa s me 24 feet wiihont reach 
irg its bottom, and r -gard tbe supply as ample for 
years to come. Tne Co 1 pane vivt-s employment 
to some forty persons, and n- w turn c ff some S100 
worth of wte per week, which will be increased to 
?S00 per we a soon as an otter kill is prepared. 
At prtotn, uieir upe's'ions are eor fined to the 
manafstemre of pitchers, mugs and sputoot s, but 
they wi l make table wjm: In a short time. 
The most magnificent specimen of Chinese Wis¬ 
taria in Europe, ia trained upon the walls of the Lon¬ 
don Horticultural Society, w here it occupies a space 
of three hundred and seventy-five feet in length.— 
This plant may be forced to advantage, and is by 
no means to be despised as a greenhouse climber. 
Its reeoc mendatiouB are, great freedom in the 
production of its flowers, great beauty and fra¬ 
grance. Pruned, it may be brought into a dwarf 
condition, and grows well in ordinary garden earth. 
Horticulturist, 
Excellent Dried Beef.— For convenience, the 
beef nee,ds to te cat in s’rips before salting. Fur 
one hundred poo acs meat take two quarts of coarse 
or fine r.ilt, an l two ou icea saltpetre. Put these 
in a large, sm:ot-h irou kettle, and place it over 
tbe fire un* 1 quite ho’; then add to it molasses, 
untii tbe mass resembles brown sugar. Rub the 
meat, piece by piece, on all sides, in this; keeping 
the vessel over the fire; immediately packing the 
meat in a tuber jar. Tarn the pieces over every 
other diy. It needs no W3ler, as the sak aud 
juice of the meat are sufficient to fill all the crevi¬ 
ces. After ten dajs, take out th« me.it, rinsing ii 
very slightly in water and hang it op to dry, where 
it w ill not freeze. Meat t hus prepared is very ten¬ 
der, and Iia3 a peculiarly delicious fl avor.— Selected. 
Signal Light for Steamers.—au improvement 
tn the sign 1 , l.ghtfor si.eamboi'm has been effect 
ed. designed by bs si u plioiiy au: efficiency to 
prevent collisions. The improvement consists in 
a simple mechanical &rrui geu ent by rur3ns oi a 
post movable arm or 'orackei connected with the 
main shaft of the engine, by which, at every revo¬ 
lution of Ihe padtHe wheel, the fights placed upon 
tbe extremity of trie arm will revolve and snow 
distinct colors The lights are placed directly 
over the wheel-house, and are entirely wi'hin the 
control of the pilot, eit r b;> Congealing or by 
belts. Several modifications of the machinery— 
which is quite simple In iis construction — may be 
made so as to apply conveniently to paddle-wheel 
steamboats or to propellers. 
tue drop worm. 
The tODgao is not visible. The wimm expand one 
inch and one-tenth, or more. The mil motlm are 
very impft'iont of confinement, un i keep in con¬ 
sent motion, which render* it very difficult to 
obtain perfect or nnrnbbcd specimens. The eggs 
remain secure in the ah'11 or sriu or tbe female 
chrysalis, enclosed in the suspended pods, throogh 
the winter, and are hatched tn the spring wheu 
the trees are well clothed with leaves, upon which 
the 1 u'e worms, haviog left the pods, immediately 
dis u p ur, nnd each one begins to cover its tender 
body with a silken and leafy oase. The figures 
represent one of tho pods or cocoons, suspended 
i.y a twig, when the insect bos prepared for its 
final transformation; also a male moth, both of the 
natural size.” 
Among the attic,les in preparation on the sub¬ 
ject of Insects, is one from Jacob Stauffer, of 
Mount Joy. Fa, on the Pear Tree Borer, with fine 
Uustrations. 
Keeping Eggs Fresh. — Another Mode —To beep 
eggs u, ab. pack in layers with dry Indian meal—a 
layer of meal then of eggs — standing the eggs 
upon the small end. I have kept them perfectly 
fresh during winter, putting down in'the manner 
describee —A Subscriber, Permton, N. Y., 1857. 
Yankee Washing Machines Abroad.— A late 
number of tbe London Times contains a long no¬ 
tice of a Washing Machine, which, it appears, has 
found its way across the Atlantic. In this machine 
a number of buoy an* balls made of wood are em¬ 
ployed as ruboers Tne inventor, Mr. Christopher 
Hollingsworth, is a farmer of Ii diana The 
Dutchess of Su'nerland and others of the nobil¬ 
ity appear to havet aken quite a fa^oy to the 
contrivance. 
