- flGRICULTURf . 
■ 1 - 1 - - — .. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JANUARY 23,1864 
{WHOLE NO. 732 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN OHIO INAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
spring than that sheltered and fed among the 
evergreens. East and West this kind of shelter 
is easily provided. In the West, especially, the 
White, Austrian and Scotch pines grow with 
wonderful rapidity. The Spruces are also grown 
with great success. And the investment of 
$250 in this kind of protection will grow in ten 
years to be adequate to the needs of almost any 
farmer, adding to the amouutof his annual reve¬ 
nue and to the value of his real estate also. 
This planting of evergreens does not belong to 
the fancy horticulturist alone. It is too often 
left to him—to the man who is supposed to pos¬ 
sess a superabundance of good taste. It belongs 
to the farmer—to his work as a landscape artist— 
to his work as a citizen, a man — to him by vir¬ 
tue of his occupation. Too few of the homes of 
farmers are protected and warmed by the ever¬ 
green influence 
to divide it into sufliciently small pieces with 
the teeth: for, like ice in a tumbler of water, 
the smaller the hits are the sooner are they dis¬ 
solved. Cheerful conversation prevents rapid 
eating. No laborers or active persons should 
eat later than sundown, and then it should not 
he over half the mid-day meal. Persons of 
sedentary habits, or who are at all ailing, should 
take absolutely nothing for supper beyond a 
piece of cold stale bread and butter, or a ship- 
biscuit, wih a single cup of warm drink.’’ 
Designing to call attention to this article 
again, I will close with another quotation: 
“ In plain language, in the civilization of the 
nineteenth century, a farmer’s wife, as a too 
general rule, is a laboring drudge: not of neces¬ 
sity by design, but for want of that considera¬ 
tion. the very absence of which, in reference to 
the wife of a man’s youth, is a crime. Itis, per¬ 
haps, safe to say. that on three farms out of 
four the wife works harder, endures more, than 
any other on the place; more/ than tho husband, 
more than the ‘farm hand,’ more than the 
‘ hired help ’ of the kitchen. Many a farmer 
speaks to his wife habitually in terras more im¬ 
perious, impatient and petulant, than he would 
use to the scullion of the kitehen or to his hired 
man. No farmer's wife who is a mother ought 
to be allowed to do the washing for the family'; 
it is perilous to any woman who has not a vig¬ 
orous constitution.”—n. T. B. 
county; James Fullington, of Stark county; 
A. Pope, of Cleveland; T. B. Rkber, of Ma¬ 
rion county; U. C. Deardorff, of Tuscarawas 
county, and many others. A more intelUgent 
body of farmers probably never assembled in 
our country'. 
In my nest I shall commence my memoranda 
of a short trip among the flocks of Ohio. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With u Corp* ot* Able AMbtnntg And Contributor*. 
HEEP HUSBANDRY 
CHAS. D. BRAG DON. Western Corresponding Editor, 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D, 
Editor Department or Slioop Husbandry. 
Randolph, Jan. 11,1864. 
A party consisting of Gen. Harris, Mr. 
Greer, Mr. Gorby ami Mr. Montgomery, of 
Ohio, and Gen. Marshall and myself, of New 
York, left Columbus on the 7th, for a brief re- 
connoissiinee among the flocks of Ohio. Messrs. 
A. Y. Baker, C. D. Champlin and G. H. 
Wheeler, of New York, accompanied us one 
day. We went by rail to Newark, in Licking 
county, thirty mites east of Columbus. The 
former is a beautiful old village or city of three 
or four thousand inhabitants, which I was told 
was originally settled by Virginians. Within a 
short distance Of it are numerous Indian mounds 
and other structures of a highly interesting 
character. One. of these is a wall or embank¬ 
ment of earth ten or tweve feet high—perpen¬ 
dicular on the inside and sloping on the outside 
—which, in the form of a perfect circle, incloses 
an area of probably twenty acres. There is a 
raised mound in the center, around or in which 
have been found coals, ashes, stone ornaments, 
and some small shreds of woven fabrics. Yet 
so ancient is the structure that trees of large 
size arc growing on the wall. There is an open¬ 
ing on one side of the latter, tha approach to 
which is between two straight lower embank¬ 
ments, which diverge as they' extend away from 
the entrance. There- is a square Indian work, 
with walls about four feet high, having bastions 
at the corners, which contains about the same 
area with the preceding; and small circular 
mounds containing Indian relics are common. 
The aborigines were exceUent judges of rich 
sods and desirable locations. Licking county is 
a garden in fertility and beauty. 
We took sleighs from Newark to the farm of 
Eli Keller, it was an oddity to eastern men 
to be compelled to go through, private roads 
opening and shutting gates to reach a farm. Mr. 
Keller informed us that he had about one 
hundred and sixty full-blood Merinos, aU but 
about a dozen being of Hammond or Infantado 
stock. Many of them were very superior 
animals. We were also shown seven Merino 
ewes said to be imported from Spain by Hon. 
William Kelly, of New York. We also 
heard much of “ the old Spanish imported ram 
which sheared 3tl It s. of wool and cost $2,000.” 
Some lambs from the imported ewes and ram 
were shown to us. If these sheep on investiga¬ 
tion prove to be what the seller of them pre¬ 
tended to Mr. Keller and his associates, we 
shall carefully describe them hereafter. 
About two and a half more miles of traveling 
brought us to the farm of J ames Pittsford, of 
Granville. He has seventy full blood Merinos 
ot mixed Infantado and Paular stock. They 
have not been summer-housed for show sheep, 
but the following statement will afford a test of 
their profitableness. Last spring Mr. Pitts- 
kord sheared one hundred and twenty-one. 
Which averaged 31 lbs. of washed wool per head. 
He sold sheep and wool to the value of $2,043. 
He bought sheep to the value of $777. which in 
liis judgment makes his flock aotuaUy as valu¬ 
able as before his sales (a part of his sales were 
wethers)—leaving a balance in bis favor of 
$1,268. Mr. Pittsford is a gentleman of great 
modesty and candor. We returned by the way 
of Granville village to Newark where we spent 
the night. The weather was intensely cold. 
The peregrinations of our party will be con¬ 
tinued in my next. 
The continued absence of the Editor of 
this Department, wiU explain why' letters from 
correspondents remain unanswered. 
P. BARRY, 
H. T. BROOKS, 
C. DEWEY, LL. D., 
I.. B. LANGWORTIIY. 
W. T. KENNEDY, Jr.. Assiatont Offloo Editor, 
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE, 
The Ritual N kw-Yorkku is designed to be unsur¬ 
passed in Value, l’urlty, and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor 
devotes his persona! attention to the supervision Of Its 
various departments, and eamesUy labors to render 
the KUhai. an eminently Reliable Guide on all the 
Important. Practical, SclentUlc and oilier Subjects Inti¬ 
mately connected with the business of those whoso 
Interests It zealously advocates. As a Family JOURNAL 
11 la eminently Instructive and Entertaining—being so 
conducted that it can be safely taken to the Homes of 
people cf Intelligence, taste and discrimination. It 
embraces inure Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, Interspersed 
With appropriate Engravings, than any other Journal,— 
rendering It the most complete Agricultural Lite¬ 
rary am> Family Newm-ai’kii in America. 
Too few of the ouhbuiklings 
and farm-yards are covered up and sheltered by 
such screens. It, seems to us fitting that tho im¬ 
pressive lesson* this grout storm has taught us 
should be remembered, and in these columns by 
both writer and reader — both as a matter of 
economy and good taste. 
AGRICULTURE AND THE GOVERNMENT. 
In' a former article I made some acknowledg¬ 
ment of our indebtedness to the Government at 
Washington for its efforts in behalf of Agricul¬ 
ture. Pretty much believing with Jeffer¬ 
son, that the best thing governments can do is 
to let the people (the honest ones) alone, I cer¬ 
tainly think that my suggestion of an experi - 
wriiUjl jarrn under government auspices deserves 
consideration. Without much faith in govern¬ 
ment seJuxils, to toaeh agriculture, — for the 
sciences that bear upon agriculture are already 
widely taught iu our schools,—I nevertheless 
think that a government Jam should be put in 
operation, where every transaction shall be re¬ 
corded, the expense of raising every crop and 
animal noted, the comparative feeding value of 
different grains, grasses, roots, &e., determined, 
different breeds of animals and different modes 
of cultivation compared, irrigation, subsoiling, 
trenching, Ac., &c. } faithfully tried, and. indeed, 
everything which '‘protmtes trill" thoroughly 
tested. Private enterprise neglects these things. 
As I remarked before, it is not necessary to sink 
a great deal of money in the operation, for ex¬ 
periments utterly foolish and absurd a wise man 
might let alone. Whether we get the experi¬ 
mental farm or not, let us make the most of 
what the government is now doing. 
If a good work lias not been rendered by the 
“distribution of seeds,” the fault is more with 
t3“ Eor Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
SUGGESTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT. 
out nueu with uorse-seuse, energy and pluck 
—is a powerful public speaker—has the finest 
social properties — tells a story capitally—is 
readily approachable by all—and therefore is, 
like his predecessor, Dave, Todd, (as the peo¬ 
ple of Ohio affectionately term him,) the v erv 
ideal of a Western Governor. Here in the 
West men talk and act “ up to time,” and waste 
no daylight In splitting hairs! 
Lieut.-Gov. Col, Cit as. Anderson, whose 
wonderful escape from the rebels of Texas all 
will remember, is the brother of Gen. Andi-:k- 
I SON. the hero of Fort Sumter. The brothers 
were born in Kentucky. Col. A. is a gallant 
and accomplished man, filled with the genial 
and flowing courtesy of a Kentucky gentleman. 
He is reputed an able lawyer and brilliant pub- 
lie speaker. He is one of those delightfully 
frank, warm-hearted men, whom you become 
finuly attached to on an hour's acquaintance. 
Mr. Stanton I mentioned in my last. Sena¬ 
tor Dei. ano is a grave, stately man. who has a 
high reputation for ability. Ex-Senator Mo- 
CL UNO tires right and left without a moment's 
premeditation, and always hits. Judge Cham¬ 
berlain is a clear, ready, able man. Gen. (I 
by mistake called him Colonel in my last) Har¬ 
ris possesses decided sense and ability, and is 
the very prince of good fellows. When he un¬ 
corks. his wit and quiet humor keep the table iu 
a roar. Mr. Klipparv, Corresponding Secre¬ 
tary of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, 
was so occupied with his oflicial duties that I 
barely had tho opportunity of shaking hands 
with him. He is a signally industrious public 
officer. Robert M. Montgomery, the new 
President of the Wool Growers’ Association, is 
a olear-licaded, sensible, intelligent gentleman, 
who will till bis position with dignity and abil¬ 
ity. William F. Greek, of 1‘ainosville, tho 
new Recording Secretary of the State Board of 
Agriculture, was particularly alluded to iu my 
last. Put I must limit my further remarks to a 
bare enumeration of names. Among the dis¬ 
tinguished wool growers and other gentlemen 
iu the Convention, were L)r. N. S. Town¬ 
smen t>, President of the State Board of Agri¬ 
culture; Hon. T, C. Jones, Ex-President of 
the same Hoard; John Gurney. Vice Presi¬ 
dent of the Wool Growers' Association; Hon. 
A. P. How ard, Senator from Champaign comi¬ 
ty? Hon. Eben Norton, Senator from Mahon¬ 
ing county; Thomas Gorby, of Portage coun¬ 
ty; George Anderson, J, L. Paumly. W. 
L. Bacon and G. W. Smith, of Lake county; 
Fergus Anderson, of Butler county; Delos 
Williams, of Geauga county; Dr, 11. L. Conk¬ 
lin, of Shelby comity; W. M. Cunningham 
and James Saxton, of stark county; Robert 
Hart, of Ashland county; JOHet Bell, of 
Muskingum county; D, B. Ufdegra kf, of Jef¬ 
ferson county; Danikl McMillen, Jr., of 
Greene county; D. E. Gardner, of Lucas 
SHELTER - PROTECTION. 
These two words come naturally from this 
pencil point after the experiences of the past 
three weeks. We have all been compelled to 
seek shelter and protection, and every farmer 
has thought of his herds and floeks. Thankful 
has he been if ho lias bad cosev, snug stables and 
plenty of food for their comfort ami nourish¬ 
ment, But tidings of great losses among these 
dependencies upon man’s providence :uid care, 
come to us from the prairies. The names of 
men noted for their successful sheep husbandry, 
and for their line horses and cattle, the names 
of some men of wealth and enterprise come to 
us recorded as suffering losses by the great storm 
which swept the country during the first days 
of the new year. 
And the lesson these losses teach is a sugges¬ 
tive oue. True, the storm had an extraordinary 
character. True, the degree of cold was unu¬ 
sually great. True, the like does not occur 
often. But how do those facts affect the impor¬ 
tance of providing shelter and protection from 
such storms? from atl storms? Only in this 
wise:—Aside from the duty which attaches to 
our relations with the domestic animals, there is 
a business principle involved in this matter. It 
pays. This lias been repeated again and again. 
Suppose in ordinary eases good shelter is un¬ 
necessary—that, once iu ten years, only, it is 
actually needed to keep the stock from perish¬ 
ing. Some men during the late storm have lost 
from one hundred to three hundred sheep. Li 
some cases these were excellent graded sheep — 
tion. Nobody can dispute that varieties often 
deteriorate and need changing, and great loss is 
suffered for the want of such change. 1 have 
not the least doubt that the Patent Office has 
furnished the opportunity in multitudes of cases 
to adopt better varieties, which was not im¬ 
proved through stolid indifference. 
1 am much pleased with the chivalrous com¬ 
mon sense that dictated the publication in the 
Report of tho Department of Agriculture for 
IS62, of the article by Dr. W. W. 11 all, on the 
“ Health of Farmers’ Families.” When the 
Counity tifhllcvum fills its entire pages with 
matter as vital U> the public interest, L shall be 
more ready to accept its criticism on tho “ Re¬ 
port” referred to in my former article, than 1 
am now. I quote from the article: 
“It is too much the case with our farming 
population that they have no breadth of view; 
they cannot sustain a conversation beyond a few 
comments on the weather, the crops, the mar¬ 
kets, and the neighborhood news. The highest 
form of human health is found in those who 
exorcise the brain and the body in someiing like 
equal proportions. The lamented President 
Felton was accustomed to urge upon tho 
young gentlemen of his classes with great earn¬ 
estness, as a means of high health, that they 
should ‘ use the mind,' use it actively, ;md on a 
variety of subjects, so as to avoid any dull 
$23 for pure-bred, .Suppose we place the price 
at $3, and the man who loses a hundred sheep 
loses the interest on five thousand dollars at 
ten per centum, which will pay for adequate 
shelter for seven tliousaWi sheep. Add then to 
this saving, the annual per cent, saved by the in¬ 
creased healthfulness, and appreciation of fleece 
in both quantity and quality, and it will be 
found to pay. And not alone sheep, but all 
kinds of stock repay this care. 
But how protect? Not simply and exclu¬ 
sively by creating sheds or barns. This is not 
sufficient, nor ill all countries is it the best pro¬ 
tection. On the prairies, and even in our east¬ 
ern, timbered countries, the modifying influence 
of evergreens is too little understood; or at least 
too little appreciated. The writer has often 
seen a herd of cows leave the shelter of a shed 
for the still air and protection of a growth of 
hemlock. The air seemed warmer beneath such 
shelter. The sense of security seemed irvunt.ip. 
SHEEP HUSBANDRY IN NEW YORK. 
Hon. IIenuy S. Randall —Dear Sir: lam 
sorry that you have assigned to mo the duty of 
replying to an article of our mutual friend, Hon. 
T. V. Peters, in the Rural of the 9th insfc, 
as really 1 have not been able to determine satis- 
tactorily the exact issue he proposes to make. 
First he says, “ one point of our disagreement 
is on the relative merits of coarse and fine-vvooled 
sheep in the general farm management of tins 
State. * * * It is more profitable, for tho 
farmers of this State to grow sheep for mutton 
than for wool.” Next he says, “outside the 
grain growing region * * it is not profitable 
to grow sheep at all, unless it is to sell fat to the 
butchers, either as lambs or older sheep;” and. 
