soon the farmer may sow with the expectation 
of gathering, ami gather with the expectation of 
having at least enough to provide for his family. 
Princeton, Caldwell Co., Ky., June HO, 1804. B. 
Rural Notes nnii (SlUtmcs 
scarcely ever saw so many intelligent flock-masters 
together. Everything about the start of the Society 
betokened sound aims and vigorous action. The con¬ 
stitution, by-laws, etc., are excellent. The officers are 
an unusually able body of men- The President is 
Asm, F. Wilcox of Fayetteville. Vice Presidents,— 
Enoch Marks, A. Eastwood, P- H. Binsdell, M P. 
Kiune, S. M. Browne, G- Wallace, W. Plumb, L. Baker, 
E. D. Newcomb, A. H. Avery, L. C. Olmsted, D Cossit, 
J. P. Clark, M. Beard, I- B- Garret, G. H. Bently, M. 
Mason, J M. Ellis, S. Willis, E- L Talmadgo. Exec¬ 
utive Committee,—S. Smith, I> Austin, R. Sears, J. 
Geddcs, D. Collin, Jr. Recording Secretary,—H. D. L. 
Sweet of Syracuse- Corresponding Secretary',—C. B. 
Thome of Skaneateles. Treasurer,—Charles Tallman 
Communications 
be given by the exhibitor in a statement verified 
by 'the oath of the exhibitor The requirement 
of an oath is not even made optional with the 
viewing committee. The information must be 
verified by the oath of exhibitor, in all cases. 
This is exactly right. Some men remember 
better wbeu put on oath; and it is necessaiy to 
treat all alike in the matter. Under this regu¬ 
lation the exhibitor must furnish the informa¬ 
tion, and by no proper rule of construction 
would his oath of facts be competent, if made 
on hearsay, or ou information mainly derived 
from other persons, whether those other persons 
be his shepherds or laborers of any kind. Some¬ 
times an honorable man has a tricky, dishonest 
shepherd, who would wade through falsehoods 
knee deep to have the name of having managed 
the victorious sheep at a State Fair — particu¬ 
larly if given the premiums, a very common 
donative from wealthy breeders to their shep¬ 
herds on such occasions. 
What Is to be done, then, when the “ exhibi¬ 
tor” does not personally take charge of his own 
sheep, and has no actual knowledge of the 
facts required by the viewing committee? 
Shall his sheep he thrown out? This would be 
unjust. We see no fair way of disposing of the 
matter except to require him to swear that his 
sheep have been in the charge of A. B.; that he 
believes A. B. to be a persoD of truth and 
veracity; that A. B. furnishes the following 
facts on oath, (the required answers to the ques- 
committee,) which he, the 
Thus, the oath 
The Season, Caors, &c.—Though the weather or 
the past week has been (in this region) mainly favora¬ 
ble to the growing crops, our information ns a whole, 
from sections near and distant, Is so varied and conflict¬ 
ing that it is difficult to report definitely. Indeed, crop 
matters and prospects are like onto army affaire-very 
mixed uud uncertain. We are of opinion, however, 
that those reporting (verbally and by letter ) favorably 
are in a deeidod majority, albeit many of the said ma- 
joriiy express fears as to the final resell, especially if 
more rain is not soon vouchsafed to ns. We had a flue 
rain here on Sunday evening, yet some sections of the 
State arc still suffering from drouth. Our associate, 
who has just returned from a week's sojourn In North, 
era and Central New York, reports in this wise: 
— A recent trip along the line of the N- T. Central 
ar.d north through Oswego and Jefferson counties, 
e tables ns to say that, notwithstanding the few recent 
showers, the crop of grass and spring grain ha3 suf¬ 
fered beyond recovery. Grass, except In a few favored 
localities, is light but of excellent, quality. Corn looks 
well generally. Potatoes are Buffering for water. 
Oats, barley and wheat, short and light in straw, but 
generally filled well. Pastures drying, and milk di¬ 
minishing in quantity. But We notice fanners are 
rejoicing that “ we have a wet moon,” and are more 
Hopeful. We are glad to see a considerable breadth in 
buckwheat, and the showers are timely for it. 
COST OF RAISING CARROTS, 
DO BOTS KILL HORSES 1 
Below T give the estimated cost and average 
crop of one acre of carrots, as estimated by two 
of our leading farmers. Both have hail several 
years’ experience in raising this root for feeding 
on the farm: 
ESTIMATE BY LEWIS SAWYER, ESQ. 
One Acre of Carrots. Dr. 
To 8 days drawing manure and spreading.$ 1-60 
To 1 ** plowing and drugging. 
To 4 “ hand ruking ..... 
To 1 “ sowing with a drill. pu 
To 24 “ hoeing and weeding. ...... i-f'jo 
To 13 “ harvesting and putting in the cellar. b5tl 
To 40 “ hoard, at $125 per week. g-"’ 
To taxes and interest, wear and tear. o -) 
To seed.-. ~ ,V 
To oats for team--- •> 
Cost per acre . 111 
Average crop, five hundred (500) bushels , 
costing, delivered in the cellar, a fraction less 
than eight cents per bushel. Mr. Sawyer 
states that he is not quite sure that his estimate 
is correct in every particular, as he has not been 
careful to keep accurate accounts of each and 
every item, lie makes no account of the wotk 
done by team, as young teams, such as he uses, 
increase io value enough to offset cost of keep¬ 
ing, except grain. Labor is estimated at the 
cost per month by the season. Board, at cost of 
From a very interesting article in Wilkes’ 
Spirit, we glean the following:— A lawyer had 
a case to defend, and culled ou his friend Dr. B. 
as a witness to prove that bots in horses is a 
The Doctor replied that he was 
deadly disease, 
not the man to call upon for that purpose, inas¬ 
much as it was his opinion that no horse ever 
died of the bots. He had looked i nto the subject, 
and handed the lawyer a manuscript, of which 
the fallowing is au outline: 
« The manuscript described the bot-fly, which 
has its habitation generally in the country, 
and is seldom found in cities. It deposits its 
eggs on the hair, accompanied with a glutinous 
substance which adheres the eggs firmly to the 
hair. These nits are generally deposited about 
the knees and flanks or the horse, and by the 
slightest attention can he easily seen. The fly 
deposits the nits at these points because they 
are accessible to the mouth and tongue of the 
horse. After the deposit the fly watches the 
horse, aud as the nits are lifeless, they give no 
disturbance, and as the fly observes no licking at 
the place of deposit, and being armed with a 
weapon hv which it can call attention to its de¬ 
sires, it darts to the several places of deposit and 
stings the horse. The irritation caused by the 
sting induces the horse to lick the spot pierced 
hv the flv: the warm mucous, or saliva, of the 
Sending us Samples op Wool —We have frequent¬ 
ly given our opinion of samples of wool sent to us for 
that object, by the owners or sheep—because we believe 
that in many cases a frank expression of this kind may 
be productive of good. We shall, for the present, con¬ 
tinue the practice to some extent—hut now give notice 
that the person asking our opinion must explicitly de¬ 
clare who is the owner of the sheep from which the 
samples are taken, and if not taken from Ms own sheep, 
he must stats why he sends samples from other men s 
sheep, and whether it is done with the knowledge and 
approbation of the owners. Without such approbation 
no man has a right to ask ns to give a public opinion 
on other men's property. One or two individuals have 
already sent us specimens taken from several eelebrn 
ted and rival rams belonging to different owners, with¬ 
out their knowledge, thus asking us to act as a judge or 
umpire in the premises by their selection ' This being 
aiwrJ, and apparently done in good faith, we have 
contented ourselves with declining. The rule above 
laid down will obviate the necessity or any one again 
erring in the same way unintentionally. 
Every correspondent can send as many samples as he 
pleases—but we would much prefer not to be asked, 
after this, to give public opinions on more than two or 
three specimens from same flock. 
tions of the viewing 
exhibitor, believes to be true, 
of the person acLually cognizant of the facts, 
will be obtained. 
Every person appointed on a viewing com¬ 
mittee will do well to reflect in advance what 
facts, besides those revealed by ocular inspec¬ 
tion, are necessary to ‘‘enable'’ him and his 
associates “ to determine which are really the 
most valuable animals for the objects for which 
the are bred.” We would suggest the following 
list of questions in regard to sheep: 
RAMS. 
1. How old is the ram exhibited by you! 
2. Has he been fed anything besides grass 
and salt since the 1st day of May last? —if so, 
wiiat, how often, and in what quantities? 
3. When was he shorn? 
4. Was be or was he not intentionally so shorn 
as to leave the wool on him longer in some 
places than in others, for the purpose of improv¬ 
ing the appearance of the form, or of the next 
fleece, or lor any other purpose whatever? 
5. Was he, in your judgment, shorn both as 
evenly and as closely on every part as sheep of 
the same breed are usually shorn by careful 
flock-masters, who are not fittiug them for exhi¬ 
bition or sale: did the wool left ou him at 
shearing, according to the best of your belief 
exeeed an eighth of an inch in length? 
(j. Has he been blanketed, housed nights or in 
rain storms, or in any other way protected from 
the weather, since the 1st of May, and if so, to 
what extent ? 
7. Has any oily or coloring matter, or other 
.substance of any kind, been applied to him since 
.shearing, and if so, what is that substance, and 
. when and how often has it been applied? 
EWES (UNDER 2 YEARS.) 
-Same questions as preceding. 
BREEDING EWES. 
“Seven first questions same as preceding. 
S. What time did she lamb?—did she suckle 
her own lamb?— and when was it weaned? 
LAMBS OR TEGS (OF BOTH SEXES.) 
1. When was it yeaned ? 
2. Has it, since a week old, sucked any other 
ewe tbau its dam, or more than one ewe, or been 
fed milk, or given any other feed besides hay 
and gras.-; and if so, under what circumstances, 
and to what extent? 
3. Has any oily, coloring, or other substance 
-been applied to its wool, since birth, and if so, 
when and how often has it been applied ? 
The above interrogatories are written out after 
brief consideration, and perhaps useful additions 
can be made to them. The subject demands the 
most deliberate reflection by the viewing com¬ 
mittees. The Society has armed them with full 
powers to cut up every source of inequality 
between exhibitors by the roots, unless we are 
prepared to believe that the latter will perjure 
themselves. While this supposition is too mon¬ 
strous to be entertained, still the means oi 
detecting perjury should he preserved. The 
required statements ought iu all cases to be put 
in the form of icritlen. affidavits, and these ought 
to be delivered to the officers of the Society at 
the same time with the reports of the Commit¬ 
tees, (as portions of or documents accompanying 
those reports,) and they then placed on flic, so 
that they will thenceforth remain open to the 
inspection of all interested persons. Those who 
are above guilt will never object to any steps 
which are necessary to place them above sus¬ 
picion. 
If our viewing committees on sheep, clothed, 
as they now are, with plenary powers to sift out 
all the facts uecessary to form sound and accu¬ 
rate judgments on the animals brought before 
them, shall fail to exert those powers ade¬ 
quately, they will fall shamefully short, of an 
honorable aud equitable performance of the 
duty they were appointed by the New York 
State Agricultural Society to discharge. 
pro ducts of onr agriculture. It is doubtless wise to do 
wlmt may be done to add to our resources, aid in their 
development, and increase our productive power. But 
at this time, were we a Member of Congress, wo should 
hesitate to appropriate money for this expedition. We 
have quite as much on our hands now a9 we can do. 
We need men to aid in the production of necessities. 
And if some or these scientific men would expend the 
same enthusiasm and effort in the study or our home 
resources, and in teaching the people how to develop 
them, that they expend in studying mid talking about 
a people that, we care little about, and in exhibiting col¬ 
lections of curious trinkels, aud gewgaws of no prac¬ 
tical value whatever, they would render Hie country far 
more service. No, wo are opposed to any such appro¬ 
priation of the public moneys. If Congress lias money 
to spare for the benefit of the Agriculturists of this 
country, let it appropriate it for work at home —where 
snch work is needed. Let these adventurers, who 
would travel abroad nt Fuels Sam's expense, learn 
especially when 
Specimens op Wool.— Col. L. W. Frost, Highland 
Nurseries, Schuyler Co., N. Y., 2 yr. old ram; fleece 
11 days less than a year old, weight 18 lbs.; carcass 
after shearing 78?i lbs.; specimens average a trifle un¬ 
der 2 inches long; quaLity and style very fail for a ram; 
internal yolk yellow and very abundant; external yolk 
■lark and* extending considerably within. Col F. hav¬ 
ing purchased the animal since preceding shearing, 
we aie asked “whether the wool has been artificially 
oiled or greased.'' In our opinion it has not been. 
I. D. Jacobus, Penn Tan, Yates Co., N. Y . 7 yr. old 
ram, mixed Infant.ado and Paular; weight of best fleece 
16L lbs.; carcass after shearing, say 90 lbs ; wool 1?., 
inches long, (said to bo shorter than usual owing to 
condition;) quality very fine, (too fine for a ram.) style 
good; yolk light colored and abundant. Second, year¬ 
ling ram, fleece 14& lbs.; wool 2 inches long; quality 
fair; style ordinary.; yolk light-colored and medium in 
Umoufit. Third; grade wool sent to learn whether “it 
approxmi mates to the buff or yellow tinge spoken of 
in Practical Shepherd." The color is not deep enough, 
and is of too tawny a tint. 
A. F Moore, Paw Paw, Mich.; 2 yr. old ram, fleece 
IS lbs- 2 07 . 9 . of washed, wool; carcass after shearing 
182 lbs.; wool SA* inches long; quality and style ordi 
nary; internal yolk yellow and not abundant; consld 
erable dark yolk towards outer ends. Three sample? 
of ewes' wool from 1 to 2 yrs. old—fleeces weighed 
from SU to I) 1 * lbs. washed—wool from 2 to 2 1 .. inches 
long; quality good and style good for recently washed 
wool; yolk washed out: (samples should be taken be¬ 
fore washing to get at the general character of the 
fleece .) A sample of ewe teg's wool, of good appear¬ 
ance, 4 inches long. 
C. L. Preston, Stafford, Genessee Co., N. Y.; 2 year 
old ewe; wool about 3 inches long; quality and style 
ordinary; ends pointed as if from a thinnish fleece; but 
little light-colored yolk—perhaps has been washed and 
appearance injured thereby. 
Fbetl Medick, Adrian, Mich.; 4 specimens of ram 
teg’s wool which yielded from 12 to 1511*9. each; gen 
eral character of samples very similar; wool from 3'*’ 
to 3% inches long; quality and style good; soft to the 
reel; yolk faintly yellowish and medium in amount; 
altogether excellent delaiue wool. 
J E- Wolcott, Caton, N. Y.; 3 rams’ samples. No 
opinion can be given until the ownership of rams is 
stated. 
Jefferee* & Bro., Dexter, Washtenaw Co., Mich.; 
2 yr. old ram; weight of fleece 23 lbs. 12 o/s.; wool 3,C 
lucties long, (1 yr'S growth;) quality and style good; 
yolk medium in amount— slightly tinged with yellow 
Also ram teg; weight of fleece nt 11 mo. 8 days old, 17 
lbs. 8 oss.; wool about 3)4 Inches long und much like 
preceding, but a .-hade coarser and less finely crimped. 
C. E. Woodworth, New Way, Licking Co., Ohio; 
inner lining oi me coats oi rue siuumcu, auu so 
retains its place. The horse does not seem to be 
at all pained by this operation, perhaps because 
this membrane is said to lie insensible. If the 
horse be a good feeder and his master gives him 
plenty to eat, the horse and hot thrive together. 
If he is ill-fed, the necessary nutriment of the 
hot is unprovided, and here the troubles of the 
horse begin. The hot is a cormorant; from the 
empty stomach of the horse it is unable to pro¬ 
cure its aliment; holding by the hooks at the 
tail, it throws its bead about in search of food; 
finding none, in the agony of huuger it beats its 
head against the sides or coats of the stomach, 
applies its mouth to the mucous membrane. 
This rubbing and violence produces irritation 
and inflammation, the stomach contracts, the 
horse becomes fretful, suffers inteuse and unen¬ 
durable pain, bites at bis flanks, and at length 
dies front the torture. The death of the auimal 
shuts up the portals of respiration, and the 
air bursts through the stomach in every direc¬ 
tion, perforating it with holes; the hot at once 
appreciates Its condition, and in the hope of 
escape from the fallen ruin relaxes its hold by 
something of the United States first 
the country needs their services as it does now 
The DeAT n of Wm JOHNSON, Esq.—It becomes onr 
paiuful duty to chronicle the demise or Wm Johnson, 
E?q , of Geneva. Air. J. was nu ardent and influential 
friend and promoter of Rural Improvement. At a 
meeting of the executive Board of the Onturio County 
Ag Society, held in Canandaigua on the 2d of July 
lost, the following resolutions were unanimously 
adopted: 
lie coin’ll. That we, the Members of the Executive 
Board or me Ontario County Agricultural Society, have 
t.pnrd with very great reerct, of the ami den oeniii of 
William Johnson, the much respected I resident of 
this Society; and that the Society bus lost, by his death, 
i.r rim-' ardent friend* and generous supporters 
—one over indy to aid iu promoting the interests of 
the Society, not only pecuniarily, but h1.-h in a general 
aitnmhirire upon me meeting* "f the society, assisting 
bv his counsel and hearty cooperation; sc ting an ex¬ 
ample to ail who truly desire Ibesucre--- of the Society. 
K-sohvd, That we sympathize with the members of 
bis alHictcd family in their great bereavement, through 
which lliev m e called to mourn the lo.-s (ff a devoted 
husband and rattier, smitten down m the prime of 
ltfonnd in the tnid-t of his necfulness; and that we, 
l iiivuinallv and as officers of the Society, tender to 
them our sincere sympathy and regret. 
Resolved. That n copy of these resolutions be sent to 
the family of the deceased, and be published in the 
County papers, Rural New-Yorker and Couutry Gen¬ 
tleman. 
Appropriate remarks were made on the occasion by 
Wm. II- Lamport and G. Granger, Esq*. 
through them, and so, on opening the animal, 
appear to have eaten through. 
“ If I remember, he said it was a small 
white worm with a black or brownish head, 
and upon dissection it was found that it was 
provided with no instrument or tool with which 
it could make, eat, scratch, bore, or in any man¬ 
ner make a hole for itself. It bad a smooth 
mouth and lips, membraneous, and lived by 
suction—it could neither bite nor bore, more 
than an oyster. When the horse is well fed, 
the grub eats bo voraciously, that, gorged, it 
becomes torpid, and in this condition lets go its 
hold by the tail, and passes with the faces. 
Country horses, almost always, have more or 
less of these grubs, especially those that run to 
pasture. If the horse he kept with a full 
stomach, the hot gives no disturbance, and 
through the winter will void them, to suffer a 
return (if let to pasture) the following summer. 
The reason why no medicine will eject them 
arises from their holding on by the hook, and 
their refusul to partake of the medicine. Di¬ 
etetics alone, must be resorted to. 
“The statement generally made by persons 
recommending a horse, ‘He is a good feeder,’ 
probably arose from this circumstance, and that 
owners of horses had discovered that such 
SEASON, CROPS, &c., IN KENTUCKY. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— The, farmers 
in this section of the country are just getting 
through with the bulk of their wheat harvest. 
After a long and exceedingly cold winter and a 
very backward spring, we seem to have jumped 
into mid-summer. The weather for the past 
two weeks has been oppressively hot. We some¬ 
times have hotter, but not more continuous hot 
weather. It is hot all night long, like the 
weather usually iu August, not going in temper¬ 
ature above 06° Fah., but it reaches this day 
after day. 
Amid all the troubles that surround us we 
may be thankful for the prospect of gathering 
in a good, if I might not say, an abundant wheat 
crop. Every person I meet says his wheat is 
good. I don’t mean to say that al! have heavy 
crops of wheat, but the wheat very generally is 
of a good quality and many have an abundant 
crop. The greatest draw-back is the scarcity of 
help to harvest It. The servants have, a great 
many of them, run off. And many have been 
forced oil’into the. military service. Not merely 
Interesting to Butter-Makers and Dealers 
Is the following brief hut explicit proclamation, issued 
on the 9th lust, by Mr, J. IL Parish of Bergen, N. Y 
To the Rutter Fraternity of the United States of A 
Rtbeldom Excepted.~U you \vi*h a cheap covering «w 
iuMtei after the tub or tlrk'n is full, uso IL 
“ Congress letter’’paper You will find " preteriti 
to any other covering. Such is my experience. 
Very truly, your brother butter dealer 
The Goodykah Extension Case.—T he Su . ‘ 
American says the arguments In this case are conclude 
and the matter rests In the hands of tlie House t»m 
miitee on patents. We hope thu said Committee 
not so far compromise its own reputation as totu’g u ’ ! 
to act iu tills matter, and relieve the public of t h0 bur ' 
dens of a monopoly which lias amply compensated t 
inventor. _ _ ^_ _ 
Iowa Ag'l College.—T he Trustees have adopted a 
plan for a College building which contemplates a ha?e ' 
incut of stone with three stories or brick, in R°|“ 
Gothic style, cost not to exceed $50,000. Thi- ,,ui 
ing is to be located near the center of the farm in Story 
Oouuty, thirty miles due north from Des Mein* 3 - Con ' 
t.-AMa fnr tnnti-rlnl have been and are being made. 
all and in some places every able-bodied negro 
man has been forced into the military service. 
The harvest coming several weeks later than 
usual, on account of the backward spring, ba* in 
reality been a good thing to al! farmers. In 
many places in this county and in neighboring 
portions of the country, a lurge part of the crop 
cannot be harvested for want of hands to do it. 
Fiue corn fields arc thrown open for cattle pas¬ 
tures. Scarcely a good horse is to be found In 
the country; they have all gone either to Fede¬ 
ral or Confederate armies. They have gone in 
most cases without any remuneration to the 
owners of them. When the servants are all 
gone, and the horses aud mules also, the planta¬ 
tions will lie of small account. 
Things sometimes, and even at the present, 
look very gloomy as regards any immediate 
prospect for the farmer or the business man. It 
is entirely impossible to get goods and merchan¬ 
dise to any amount, and of course If the land 
falls to give her accustomed increase business of 
all kinds goes down. We trust that out of these 
troubles we may soon see our way more clearly, 
aud t hat we shall be spared the sad tale of waste 
and desolation which dally comes to our ears. 
We hope that cruel war will cease to deluge out- 
fair and not far-off fields with blood, and that 
WHEAT IN MINNESOTA 
Of the importance of this cereal, ns an article 
Of production and exportation in Minnesota, a 
<t Paul paper, says:—“This cereal has been, 
and must continue to be, our great article of ex¬ 
port, a* our soil and climate are so well adapted to 
its eul.urc. It employ* in our city alone a cap¬ 
ital of not less than $s50,00(). There is no limit 
to the expansion of this trade, because the pro- 
J notion ot whf'ftt illimitable. In l*n(), aceoru- 
itm to the census, only one acre in l.f>5 Was tilled, 
and the average yield ot wheat was 22.02 busb- 
„l„ io the acre harvested! The development 
* Dam of No.’s 2, 3 im<i 6. 
t From Saratoga Co., N. 5 ., said to be of Atwood & 
Hammond stock. 
The appearance or the samples is much injured by 
washing, especially as the yolk is not started. Conse¬ 
quently the woo! bits a comparatively harsli look aud 
feel. The quality or all are good, and we think the 
style would also be good, uuder more favorable circum • 
stances. We shall publish Mr. Joiner’s accompany 
lug communication hereafter. 
CuAtiuts North, Wad ham’# Mills, Essex Co.,N. Y ; 
2 yr. old ram, bred by C N. Hayward of Vt-; first 
fleece 15k lbs , seem.d23’, lbs.; wool2‘j inches loug; 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE, MINOR 
ITEMS, &o. 
How to Catch Frog? — String nn Inquiry in 
Rural relative to catohhu frogs, 1 send you ,llU 11 
method, which I have seen practiced very success™ F 
Take a good fishing-pole, 15 or 20 feet long, with 11 h°° 
line attached, and fasten from four to six fish hoo ss o 
medium size to the end of it by winding some C0I _ 
around the kooks, so as to let them project nil ,ri ' 
the line. Tie a piece of red flannel three or four uc t 
above the hook 9 ; then let the line down in front o t a 
One and he will iumt) un after the flannel and sf 0 
officers, constitution and by-laws of this society, to 
getber with a short and pithy address by the Executive 
Committee. The Association now number* about 100 
influential wool growers, and is destined, we hope, 
ultimately to embrace all the wool growers of one of 
the most populous uud wealthy, as well as one of the 
nest sheep growing counties of the State. tV e were 
present when the Association was organized, and 
