of larger size than those grown in any other 
portion of the State. The vineyards are slightly 
cultivated, but no attention is paid to manuring 
them, the soil seems inexhaustible. 
Heretofore the growers and manufacturers 
have employed French and German manufac¬ 
turers of wine, who have come highly recom¬ 
mended, at a great expense. The result was, it 
nearly ruined the trade, the wine and the wine 
merchant. Now they work the grape under a 
new process. In lieu of putting them into the 
mill direct from the vine, they are spread and 
partially dried before rei m mtation, which de¬ 
creases the volume of water in the wine. The 
more saccharine matter gives the wine more 
body. Now they claim to be manufacturing 
very good wines, but I fear still further im¬ 
provements must be introduced and entered 
into before they can ship across the water, or 
compete in San Francisco with the best foreign 
w ^ nes * S. W. Jewett. 
Rio Bravo Ranch, Rem River, Cal., 1864. 
FRUIT GROWERS’ SOCIETY OF WESTERN NEW YORK. 
SUMMER MEETING. 
[Conclnded from page 228, last No ] 
the best recently introduced apple. 
Question .— Which is the best recently introduced Apple 
that has been tested and can be recommended for family 
and marketing? 
Mr. Lay. —I recommend the Tompkins Co. 
King. 
Frost.—I vote for it. 
Moody. —And I, too. 
Langworthy.—I can recommend it. It is 
long in eating in winter, and it keeps well. 
There is a specimen on the table perfectly pre¬ 
served: 
Fish. —As a market apple it is excellent, for 
it is very showy. I do not consider it an apple 
of high flavor, but it is good. 
Moore.—T he chief objection to it is that it 
drops early. 
Hoag.—I have that fault to find with it. 
Herendeen.—I t should be packed earlier 
by a week than other apples belonging to the 
ame class. A friend who has produced it some 
time, said cultivators would learn that fact after 
a little. 
Langworthy.—I grow it on high trees. 
Have no trouble with it because of premature 
dropping—not any more liable to drop with me 
than other varieties. 
Another gentleman testified to the import¬ 
ance of picking the fruit early. No other va¬ 
riety of apple was named in response to the 
above question. The writer hereof has seen 
this apple in market the past winter, and has 
formed a very favorable opinion of it as a mar¬ 
ket fruit. 
hogs in the orchard. 
Question.—Do hogs m an apple orchard benefit the fruit 
by way of destroying the apple insect? 
H. E. Hooker.—I would like to have the 
gentleman who proposed this question define 
what apple insect he refers to. 
Dr. Beadle.—I was a member of the Com¬ 
mittee, and supposed the gentleman referred to 
the Codling Moth (Carpocapsa Pomonclla) and 
its larval—whose work he has just described. 
H. N. Langworthy.— I regard hogs in an 
apple or pear orchard as a nuisance. 1 sup¬ 
posed them a benefit some years ago, because I 
thought that they would destroy these worms 
or caterpillars which prey upon the fruit—that 
as soon as the apple fell to the ground, its de¬ 
struction by the hog would insure the destruc¬ 
tion of the larvio which produces this insect. 
I refer to the insects which are about this time 
laying their eggs iu the blos-om end of the 
young fruit, and whose larva* burrow into the 
apples, making their way from the eye to the 
core. And I hoped by keeping hogs in my 
orchard, eventually to secure perfect fruit. 
But I do not find that the proportion of Injured 
fruit diminishes; and 1 am satisfied that the 
insect leaves the apple before it falls, and enters 
the ground, and the hogs rarely get hold of it 
The Cureulio does not propagate in apples. 
They do in plums, I have examined often, but 
could never find one in the apple, although they 
sting the fruit. 
J. J. Thomas. —The Cureulio has been very 
troublesome with my apples. The larva) do 
not perfect in the apple, however; they do iu 
plums and peaches. I think swine are an ad¬ 
vantage in the orchard, where they take the 
early falling apples. They destroy some in- 
Buss on Vines.—(H. B., Elkhorn, Wis.) It is a 
good plan to top-dress with plaster, or ashes, or both. 
Scatter plaster all over the vines. By doing so, we 
have saved them. We may say, in this connection, to 
our readers, there is a great demand for effectual bug 
preventives. 
To Prevent Frost Lifting Trees out of the 
Ground.—W hat is the best method of savinjr l«rse 
trees from being killed with frost, by the root-' being 
lihed on top of the earth by freezing? —Ws. B. Bray- 
man, Ohio. 
There is no remedy that we know of except thorough 
onder-drainage. And we will warrant it to cure. 
Growing Young Cedars.—P lease give me the 
method of growing yonmr cedars, say from seed last 
year—whether they need protection "from the cold in 
onr climate (lat. 41 ) a *, Iowa )—E. H. 
They should have a light covering of leaves or pine 
^boughs. If neither can be had straw will answer.— b. 
White Roses ox Apple Trees.— The Windham Co. 
(Mass.) Transcript states that •• a lusus natane in the 
shape of a full-blown white rose appeared on an apple 
tree in Putnam." My at ten - ion was called by a neigh¬ 
bor to something of the kind that appeared on one of 
his trees, and a Tew days afterwards 1 discovered a sim¬ 
ilar phenomenon in my own orchard- The flower was 
about the size of a Baltimore Belle, almost as double, 
with a stem one and a half inches iu teoglb. Wilt some 
of your Pomologteal correspondents inform us whether 
they have witnessed similar appearances, and if so, 
give us their theory in regard :o '.hem?—F. Hdriitowit, 
Pennsylvania. 
Warts or Sessile on Apple Roots —I received or e 
hnndred Northern Spy apD'.e trees, from a Syracuse 
Nursery this spring, i find that one-half of the said 1 
trees have trot warts or sessiles on the roots. Can \ eu 
inform a subscriber what is the cause of the said wa ts 
or sessile 0 Will they ever injure the trees hereafter:— 
D. G. Sampson. 
The roots of young apple trees (especially root-graft¬ 
ed,) in the nursery are frequently affected with the ex¬ 
crescences described by Mr. Sampson, bat if the roots 
be otherwise healthy and sufficient they do no material 
injury. Various causes are assigned for their develop¬ 
ment. The most plausible, is it appears to ns, is an 
unfavorable soil for root growth. In cold, springy soils 
they are more prevalent, we believe, than in dry, warm, 
genial soils- The trees affected with them have usually 
a small supply of roots in proportion to the top. and 
this leads to the ccncinsion that the matter forming 
these warts should have been developed into roots, and 
would have been under favorable circumstances.— b. 
.1. J. Thomas.— In New Jersey, recently, I 
saw belts of evergreens twenty feet high, and 
within a certain distance of these belts—the 
distance being the range of their protection— 
the crop of grain, grass and fruits was fifty per 
cent, greater than beyond that range. I think 
the Norway Spruce is the best tree perhaps for 
protection. 1 believe that twenty years hence 
it will be wondered that fruit-growers of the 
present day did not know more about protec¬ 
tion. 
Moody. —We can get Norway Spruce, plenty 
of them, six feet high; and they are easily 
transplanted. Should prefer them to the board 
fence. And I think we have got to protect if 
we may hope to grow peaches. The protected 
orchards bear. Early in the history of the 
country, when there was protection, we grew 
peaches. I agree with Mr. Thomas, that 
twenty years hence people will wonder that we 
knew so little about protection. 
II. E. Hooker.— I suppose we can obtain 
good results, practically, by planting screens. 
But just how far it is best to go—how much 
protection is desirable and profitable—I have 
not determined to my own satisfaction. Fail¬ 
ures sometimes occur with complete protection. 
The President. —It is demonstrated that 
protection is needed. We need it in spring, 
when vegetation is just stal ling. The shelter a 
town affords insures crops of fruit in our town 
yard* when, the farmer’s crop fails utterly. 
Evergreens are a better protection than decidu¬ 
ous trees. 
Frost.—I wish to ask if the interior of an 
orchard produces bettor than the outside rows— 
if the protection the outer rows afford insures a 
crop on the inner trees. 
Hooker.—I n the case of peaches, we know 
it to be a fact that the trees on the sides of the 
orchard opposite to that from which the pre¬ 
vailing winds strike it, produce better. 
James \ ick.—I n the West, on the prairies, 
I was often told that the outside rows of or¬ 
chards exposed to the winds, were of little 
value except as affording protection to the bal¬ 
ance of the orchard—especially those on the 
sides exposed to the prevailing winds. There 
is no doubt that deciduous trees are a winter 
protection. All who have traveled beside or 
through a forest of deciduous trees iu winter 
know them to be so. 
Moody. —The south and east sides of my 
orchard bear most fruit. Indeed, the uorth and 
west sides only bear because the varieties planted 
there are hardy, and will bear anywhere. 
Langworthy.— The north and west sides of 
my peach orchards do not bear fruit. Protec¬ 
tion is necessary; and there is no doubt that the 
orchard is a protection to itself. 
dite — fertilizes itself. We are satisfied there is 
no doubt about this, although the flowers are 
small, and might be taken for a pistillate at first 
sight. 
2. Ihe Fruit is largfc, regular, uniform in size 
and shape, dark crimson color, glossy, red flesh, 
solid, juicy, sweet, with but little acid, aromatic 
in a high degree, and with a pleasant flavor. Its 
flavor is not of the po&itiv* character which we 
like best — that is, it has not acid enough for 
our taste; but we think the majority of people 
will be suited with it in this respect. It is more 
acid than the Triomphe and less so than the 
Russell. It Is both firm and solid. It is a firmer 
fruit than the Russell. It is remarkably solid. 
We cut open a hundred berries and failed to find 
one that was not perfect in this respect. And 
this is important to consumers. We speak of 
firmness as distinct from solidity. We should 
think it would carry quite as well as Triomphe, 
and better than Russell. But of this we are not 
satisfied, fully. It is a very attractive berry— 
far more so than the Wilson and not inferior to 
the Triomphe. In beauty and regularity of 
form, aud brilliancy of color, it excels the Rus¬ 
sell as we have seen the latter. Whether it is 
more productive we are not prepared to say. Of 
one thing we are perfectly satisfied — that it 
merits the attention of cultivators of this fruit 
for market. We propose to plant it, not basing 
our action, however, upon what we have seen 
of it altogether, although we think we should 
be safe in doing so, but upon the testimony of 
such men as Ben.j am in Hodge. Esq., and Hon. 
T. 0. Peters who have seen it under different 
circumstances, different years. We happened 
to meet the last named gentleuruau iu Buffalo at 
the time of our visit, aud he accompanied us to 
see the fruit. Ho assured us he would indorse 
auything we might say of it, in its praise. We 
do not think he is reputed to be a man of imma¬ 
ture judgment, and we know lie has no personal 
interest whatever iu it. 
THE BUFFALO STRAWBERRY, 
It is natural and proper that we should re¬ 
gard anything in the shape of a new fruit with 
a certain degree of distrust until its reputation 
has been established beyond a peradventure. 
We are not disposed to go into raptures over a 
new berry. But a fruit that combines the 
largest number of commendable qualities de¬ 
serves atteutlon aud merits distinction. From 
what we have seen of this fruit, and from what 
we learn of It from others who have watched 
it during the past six years, we regard it worthy 
of notice. It is a seedling produced by Rev. N. 
8. Smith and uow owned by A. H. Bryant, 
Buffalo, N. Y. it was one of two hundred seed¬ 
lings which were produced seven years ago. it 
has not been offered to the public before this 
year. The proprietor has been testing and 
propagating it, determined not to offer it until 
lie was satisfied it was a superior berry for gen¬ 
eral cultivation to all others. The tests given it 
has resulted in convincing those best acquainted 
with it, that it combines more good qualities 
than are to be found in any other strawberry in 
this country. We are not prepared to say that 
it does, because we have not had opportunity to 
watch and test it. We weut to Buffalo the 
other day, however, to see it in the field and on 
the vlues, and we give our impressions of it. 
1. The Plant ,—We found it growing in a field 
of tolerably stiff clay, which had received no 
water from any source for weeks, and which 
did not contain moisture enough within ten 
inches of the surface to pack it — baked, and 
cracked, gaping seams intersecting in all direc¬ 
tions. Here this plant w as making a remark¬ 
able growth. It is true the soil was good, but 
it. had not been manured. The plant is evi¬ 
dently a strong grower, hardy, and has vitality 
enough to perfect all its fruit, for we failed to 
find a blossom during more than an hour’s ex¬ 
amination, that did not promise to develop into 
fruit. It is a bushy plant, with broad, dark 
green foliage; the fruit stalks are large and 
high, carrying the fruit free from the ground. 
It is productive — quite as productive as the 
M ilson, we should think. We could not 
have seen It under more unfavorable circum¬ 
stances. And yot, while it was not overbear¬ 
ing, it was hearing as well as any variety, with 
which we are acquainted, could have done 
under similar circumstances. It is hermaphro- 
TO HOUSEKEEPERS EVERYWHERE 
If von don't want vour clothes twisted and wrenched, 
and pulled to pieces by the above old-fashioned Back- 
breaking. WBIST.S TRAINING and CLOrilES-DKSTKOY- 
inq process of washing and wringing, go before next 
washing-day and buy one of the best labor-saving, 
CLOTHES— SAVING, HEALTH-SAVING, TIME-SAVING, and 
money-saving Inventions of the age. 
v’osuon .— n kat is the best protection against cold winds 
for un Amateur Garden of one acre or more, to includ". 
all hinds of Tree Fruits, on Ihearf Stocks, and 
dally Grape, and other smalt fruits? 
H. N. Lang worthy, My experience has 
taught me some oi the advantages ot protection. 
L should protect by a barricade—say a fence six 
feet high. For grapes, especially, is such a pro¬ 
tection advisable. If l could not wait to grow 
a protection, inclosing an acre, I would build a 
fence aud divide the acre every two or three 
rods with similar fences, on which to grow 
grapes. These fences are the places on which 
to grow fine grapes. Meantime, 1 would plant, 
of some suitable kiud, around Ihe outside for 
permanent protection. I would have the di- 
53,818 SOLD IN 1863! 
46,814 
SOLD IN THE FIRST FIVE MONTHS OF 1864! 
WINES OF LOS ANGELES, 
In and around Los Angeles there are many 
vineyards. Some of them were planted by the 
early Catholic Missions, more than fifty years 
ago, and are still thrifty. Large additions have 
been made to the wine crop during the last ten 
years. The town of Los Angeles has now 
under cultivation near one million of Mission 
vines. The south-eastern part ot Los Angeles 
county will comprise about half a milltou more 
of the Mission grape. These grapes seek San 
Francisco market, and on comparison, they are 
They are for sale In nearly every town in the country. 
Wherever they are uot already introduced we want a 
GOOD CANVASSER 
The KJTlILUSJYE RIGHT OF SALS will be guaran¬ 
teed to the first responsible applicant for the territory. 
Liberal Inducements offered amt Descriptive Circulars 
furnished by Jl’UCS IVE8 A I’d., 
763-tf 347 Broadway, New Yorfc. 
For,full description imd testimonials of 
the Uyi VFJiSAL Will Sir Eli. please refer to 
pages 106, 116, 124 and 148 of the Rural, 
