HEEFWS&ANDRY 
TERMS, $8.50 PER YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE TSTO. SIX CENTS. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
an original weekly 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
CHARLES I>. HRAGDOV, Amoclato Editor. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D„ 
Editor Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS i 
P. BARRY, 
H. T. BROOKS, 
C. DEWEY", LL. D., 
L. B. LANGWORTHY. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsur¬ 
passed In Value, I’urlty, and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful In Appearauce. Its Conductor 
devotes his personal attention to the supervision of iu 
varloti- departments, and earnestly labors to render 
the RURAL ail eminently Reliable Guide on all the 
Important Practical, Scientific and other Subjects inti¬ 
mately connected with the business of those whose 
interests It zealously advocates. As a Family Journal 
It is eminently Instructive and Entertaining—being so 
conducted that it. can be safely taken to the Homes of 
people of Intelligence, taste and discrimination. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural. Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed 
with appropriate Engravings, than .any other journal,— 
rendering it the most complete agricultural Litk- 
karv and Family Newhi'ackr in America. 
IpifttlimJ 
CURRENT TOPICS DISCUSSED. 
Cut the Daisies. 
In some localities it may Vic rather late to 
say that the meadows in which the Ox-eye 
Daisy f l.eucanthemmn Vuhjare) abounds,should 
be cut early. This plant is eaten by stock when 
cut before the seed begins to form, and properly 
cured: but it is “dry fodder " wlieu allowed to 
stand until the seed is ripe before being cut. It 
is a species of u white clover," which requires 
early attention in order to be of uny practical 
value whatever. Tt Is unfortunate that early at¬ 
tention Is uot generally given to the cutting of 
this plant. For not only would its value as for¬ 
age be increased, but one of its means of propa¬ 
gation would be destroyed. It would not seed; 
and it multiplies rapidly by its seed. We have 
seen many meadow’s in which this plant was 
as prominent a feature as red clover in other 
meadows. In order to be of any value it should 
be cut about the same time as red clover. 
Mowing the Roadsides. 
The law excluding stock from the roadways 
of the State, is inducing a new order of cleanli¬ 
ness. It is purchasing tidiness. It is made the 
interest of the farmer to mow the roadsides. 
Good crops of grass are cut there, and wo notice 
they are being harvested generally. We also 
notice that in some cases the weeds, thistles 
and elders are left standing. While we would 
not urge cutting them with the grass-scythe, 
we do urge, for the farmer's sake, that the 
bush-scythe follow the grass-scythe. Do not let 
the roadsides longer remain nurseries of weeds 
for the farm. The labor expended in cutting 
them is time and labor saved in the end. Just 
now the elders are in bloom, the thistles are 
heading, the daisies are making seed, and should 
be cut at ouce to save the extension of this 
“army of occupation.” 
Another practice we see being adopted in 
localities which is commendable. Where the 
road has been properly thrown up in turn-pike, 
so as to secure drainage, it Is being kept in 
order by drawing gravel in wagons on to the 
road-bed, iustead of the annual plowing and 
scraping common in some road-districts. This 
saves the roadsides lor production, and if good 
gravel can be obtained, makes a better road-way 
than can be done with plow and scraper. 
Questions for Canadian Agriculturists. 
AVk have received from Hon. Uborgk 
Brown, A!. 1\, a circular containing twelve 
general, and seventy - live or more specific, 
questions for the agriculturists of Canada to an¬ 
swer. Mr. Brown is Chairman of the Joint 
Committee on the Advancement of Agriculture, 
aud asks these questions in order to arrive 
directly at the wants of the farmers of the 
Provinces, and determine what legislation is 
necessary in order to promote their interests. 
We hope our Canadian brethren wilt answer 
promptly, wisely and fully. Every Intelligent 
fanner should make it his business to answer 
such inquiries when propounded by legislators, 
else ho should never complain that legislators 
pay no attention to his interests. And in the 
United States, we fail to receive the legislative 
attention which other interests receive, because 
there is neither unity of action nor any united, 
decisive voice given to our wants. We are in¬ 
clined to think that each State Government must 
take hold of this matter and create a Bureau of 
Agriculture which shall look after its own 
specific interests. We have a country altogether 
too large for such a brain as our present Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture carries. 
Bee Management. 
H. B., of Branehport, writes:—" It is often 
desirable to regulate tbe number of colonies to 
be retained from a hive. A late first sw-arm 
from a feeble colony would produce more honey, 
and consequently more profit, by being re¬ 
turned : especially when hives with boxes are 
used. Feeble second swarns, and all third and 
fourth swarms should be driven back. My way 
of driving swarms back la this:—After the 
swarm has clustered I go up to it and search for 
the queens and kill them if found. If I do uot 
find them in the cluster I take a bee-hive and 
set it as I w r ould if I desired to hive them per¬ 
manently, then put the cluster to it. The bees 
will then spread out and crawl into the hive. 
Youthen have a fair opportunity to find and 
kill the queens. In a short time after killing 
them, if the queens are all killed the bees will 
return. 1 have not failed to drive back all I 
attempted. Sometimes I have had to jar the 
bees down on the bottom and search the secoud 
time before killing all the queens. Although 
the queens aro provided with stiugs, they will 
not sting,— at least they never stung me. and 
they hav e had the best of opportunites to do -o, 
if they would. They only use their stings in 
killing each other. I have seen them grapple 
each other for victory or death.” 
Feeding Whey to Cows, 
It is the practice of dairymen in some local¬ 
ities to feed whey to cows—sometimes with, and 
sometimes without, bran and meal. Wo have 
inquiries concerning the profit of such a course; 
and. with a view to answer them, we have con¬ 
versed with dairymen who have fed and arc now- 
feeding w-hey. We have never had any experi¬ 
ence with such feed; but we have made up our 
mind we should never feed It to cows unmLxed 
with meal or brail, and then only in quantities 
sullicient to wet the same. 
We do not believe the immediate gain in the 
increased quantity of milk compensates for the 
permanent loss in the condition and usefulness 
of the cow. We have not yet found a man who 
did not concede that after feeding whey one 
season, his best cows were made his poorest the 
succeeding season. It is, of course, a question 
whether it will pay to use up cow s thus fast, and 
supply their places annually by breeding and 
purchase. Tbe answer to this question must 
depend upon the ratio of increase of milk per 
cow, and the price of the manufactured product ; 
also on the price of cows. We hazard the opin¬ 
ion that, as a rule, it wilt not pay—that it will pay 
better to provide for soiling the cows with food 
nature has provided for them. We should like 
the experience and opinions of meu belonging 
to the class most interested in this matter. 
Tile for Roofing. 
On page 158, current volume, a Niagara Co. 
correspondent asked where slate for rooting 
could bo obtained, and asserted that many farm¬ 
ers in his neighborhood would use it if they 
could get it cheaply. From some source we 
have learned that slate is not as durable a mate¬ 
rial tor roofing as is generally supposed, and that 
there is a question about the economy of using it. 
Of this matter we know nothing from expe¬ 
rience. 
We allude to this subject here for the purpose 
of saying that while at l’ulaski, N. Y., re¬ 
cently, we visited the Tile Works located there, 
under the supervision of C. 0. F. Otto. These 
works aro designed to manufacture all sorts of 
tile—tile for draining, for flooring or paving, aud 
for roofing. W e saw here some of the smooth¬ 
est and finest drain-tile we have over seen. But 
what interested us more was the Mosaic Tile, 
manufactured for floors and roofs, as a substi¬ 
tute for marble and slate. We understand this 
Ls the only manufactory of the sort in the United 
States. Hitherto this kind of ware has beeu 
imported; now, the cost of importation is 
largely increased. This tile is harder, and said 
to be more durable, than either marble for floor¬ 
ing, or slate for rootiug. And wo certainly think 
a better roof Could be made of it than can he 
made with slate. Of its relative cost, we are 
not informed; but for flooring, its cost, laid 
down, is only about one-fifth that of marble. 
These tile are made, in part, of New Jersey 
clay, and of all sizes, shapes and colors. Of 
course, their cost, per square foot, depends upon 
their size and color. They are made from a 
half-inch square, upward. In the process of 
coloring are involved interesting chemical com- ; 
binations. And Mr. Otto Las recently discov¬ 
ered a method of coloring his tile black, after < 
they are manufactured, which is valuable, be- i 
cause the color is given to the whole tile —not r 
to its surface alone—and is durable. Of course, 
this process is his secret. We noticed that a ] 
large proportion of the work in this tile factory 
is done by females. 
We write this much concerning these works i 
for the benefit of our readers who may desire to - 
procure a substitute for slate and marble, and 1 
without Mr. Otto’s knowledge or procuring; 1 
and we do it also, because the establishment of 1 
such a manufactory merits the encouragement of 
all interested in the material prosperity of the 
country, aud iu the development of our economi¬ 
cal resources. 
Mr. Otto’s market for his floor tile is now 
mainly in Ne w l'ork city, where he has large 
contracts for laying this flooring. But we are 
satisfied that his business will rapidly extend 
when the relative value and cheapness of his 
manufactures are more generally known. 
The Importance of Saving jhis Year. 
Edwin Reynolds, oj“ Fon du Lac Co., 
Wis., sends us the following timely and sensible 
suggestions: — “Gather up the fragments; let 
nothing he lost,’ was the command of our 
Savior, after creating food and feeding that 
vast multitude. What a splendid example to 
all Christendom! The fragments could be of 
no earthly use to Christ or his followers whilst 
He had power to create millions more. But the 
fragments must be gathered up. And how- 
necessary farmers should follow the example in 
this time of short crops and high prices. Here 
at the West, all the grass seed sown is killed out 
by drouth; consequently, seeds will be scarce 
and high next year. Let all he saved. Many 
pieces of timothy, though short and thin, would 
yield much seed if properly looked after. Many 
pieces of wheat, and some other grain too short 
to bind, are about to be abandoned by their 
owuers. Tell them to put in the reaper and cut 
and rake on to the platform as long as they can 
keep it there, and then throw off and cock it 
up, stack and thrash It loose. By so doing all 
will be saved. Corn, beans and potatoes, can 
be increased in quantity by thorough hoeing. 
Manv simdl patches that would otherwise go to 
waste, may be sown to turnips. Can or dry all 
small fruit, as sugar is too high to make jellies 
and preserves; keep them until next spring, and 
then be prepared to tap ail the maples in the 
country, and go at it and produce a supply of 
sugar to sweeten the dried currants. City and 
village people that despair of having sweet¬ 
meats, can purchase cherries and eurrauts and 
dry and can them and keep them until spring, 
when sugar may be cheaper; otherwise they 
must go to waste, for the farmers can’t afford to 
purchase sugar to use them all themselves.” 
We called the above suggestions timely and 
sensible; they are more, they are important. 
With the unmistakable shortening of crops, and 
the present prices, It is of the utmost importance 
that a system of saving should be adopted. It 
is not only important as a means of prevent¬ 
ing want, and of furnishing a source for the sup 
ply of our armies, but as a paying measure to the 
farmer. There need be no fears that there will 
uot be a demand for all that can be produced and 
saved in this country this year at paying prices. 
And It is a very important fact which should 
enter into our estimate of the amount of food 
produced this year, that a large amount of land 
and labor has beeu diverted from food produc¬ 
tion to tho production of hops, tobacco, wool, 
flax, Ac, — productions which are now highly 
profitable because of the protection the present 
duties on the foreign product affords us. And 
we have been seriously questioning whether 
the prohibition of the exportation of bread- 
stuffs, pork, cheese, Ac,, will uot become neces¬ 
sary as a protective measure, and as a means of 
strengthening the hand* of the Government. 
Let our readers think about it, for wo shall not 
be surprised if Government finds it necessary 
within a year. Meantime we commcud the ad¬ 
vice of our correspondent to all classes. 
EDITED BY HENRY S. RANDALL. LL. D. 
TO Correspondents. — Mr. Randall'S address Is 
Cortland Village, Cortland Co., N. V. All communica¬ 
tions Intended for this Department, and all inquiries 
relating to sheep, should be addressed to him as above. 
MR. ROBINSON'S IMPROVED PAULAR SHEEP. 
Darwin E. Robinson, of Shoreham, Ver¬ 
mont, is, as we stated a few weeks since, the 
son and successor of that Erastcs Robinson 
who gave his name to one of the improved Pau- 
lar Merino families of sheep. The pedigree of 
this family is given in considerable detail in the 
blood in the flock, as in that case they would 
decline to purchase. I am acquainted with a 
ram breeder who tried this cross, but nearly 
ruined the character of his flock, and lost most 
of his best customers. 
The Cotswolds are a fine, large-looking ani¬ 
mal, hut require more feeding than the im¬ 
proved Lincol n. They have not the good, natural, 
fat back with a groove running down the mid¬ 
dle ; neither do they clip the quantity of wool, 
from IT pounds to 19 pounds, being common 
weights of many of our fleeces. I clipped one 
yesterday that weighed more than 18 pounds, 
and my rams have been living entirely on grass 
all the winter, excepting about a fortnight the 
snow was on the ground, when I gave them 
some of the food prepared for my lambing ewes. 
We have clipped 51 rams from two to six shear, 
that average lot pounds per fleece. I state 
these things to show you which breed I think 
the most valuable. 
Take care to select ewes from a well descended 
flock of some years standing and uniform in 
MR. ROBINSON’S RAM. “ LINCOLN.” 
Practical Shepherd, pages 116-418. Erastcs 
Robinson, a sagacious and successful breeder, 
died in 1854, aged 42 years. The flock, since 
his death, has been mostly bred in-and-in. But 
the ram ’‘Lincoln," a cut of which is herewith 
given, is the product of a new Intantado cross. 
He was got by the celebrated ” Tottenham ram,’’ 
,1 unproved Paular.) dam by a sen of the “old 
Robininsou ram,” (Improved Paular,) grand 
dam a full-blood Intantado ewe from the flock 
of P. Elitharf, of Bridport, the pedigree of 
which flock was given in these columns. May 28. 
“Lincoln." now two years old, was sheared 
character, so that tney look like peas in a peck. 
Then get a ram from another good flock, not a 
near relative, with a good fleece, fat back all the 
way down, wide on the top of the shoulders, and 
thick through the plates, so that when you are 
walking behind the sheep you can see his shoul¬ 
ders beyond his ribs. Let him have a good 
thick scrag, wide loin, and if you can get good 
rump too, so much the better, but it is not often 
you meet with a wide loin—denoting a strong 
constitution—with a large rump. Then, again, 
you can’t always get a thick shoulder with a 
good ramp; but if you give up either let it be 
May 6th, yielded 2i pounds of wool, and he the latter, and take the heavy shoulder, as 
weighed, after shearing, 121 pounds. Mix Rou- they make the liner sheep, come to heavier 
in SON’S three-year old ram “ Fremont,” yielded weights and get better lambs. Those lambs you 
a fleece of the same weight Five two-year old | save for rams should be the only ones of their 
ewes, reserved by him when he sold the rest of mother, as single ones grow larger, 
the ewe Iambs of the same year, yielded an i eedixg and rearing. 
average of 13 pounds each - two of them reach- j keep my ewea on graS8 in winter> yj to 2 per 
mg 15 pounds each. acre. Thev do not reouire anvthinar else if the 
EY RICHARD FAIRY, ESvJ , W A1.30 KEN, ENGLAND. 
■erage oi 10 pouuus earn - i» o 01 vuern icacu- | j keep m} . ewea on grag8 in winte r, jj to 2 per 
g 15 pounds each. I acre< They do not require anything else if the 
*"“* weather is not very severe, and the snow too 
HINTS ON BREEDING LONG-WOOL RAMS, deep, until about a fortnight before lambing; 
I then I give them half a pint of oats per head 
BY RICHARD FAIRY, ESQ.. WALSOKEN, ENGLAND. mixed witb H ,01 ft Li quantity Of Chftff. It 
_ strengthens the ewes, flushes the milk, and the 
In selecting, be sure to get the pure -Long lambg comc gtrouger . j. Iake t . arc t0 ke ep my 
r °oV’ takin S to avoid halt-breeds as you eWJS strong aud healthy wheu in 1;tmb> but nofc 
m not breed from them to profit. They will t00 ^ M tUere wou!d be daagcr iu logiQg tbe m 
1 deficient both in wool and mutton, your flock L ljunbing 0u the other hand, 1 take care 
ill look very uneven, some short, and some ^ d<J not gflt too poor# M thev are imable 
ng wool, and the sheep not uniform in size. bring up pair= . or the lMnba 00me weak . A1 _ 
The first cross between a long and short wool, ways ] et tbeTU j iaYe a jump of rock salt to lick; 
iV Lincolnshire and Down or Cots wold and it beeps them healthy, especially on damp soils, 
own, will do for the breeder or grazier that where they are liable to the rot. When my 
Wool,” taking care to avoid half-breeds, as you 
can not breed from them to profit. They will 
be deficient both in w ool and mutton, your flock 
will look vevy uneven, some short, and some 
long wool, and the sheep not uniform in size. 
The first cross between a long and short wool, 
say Lincolnshire and Down or Cotswold and 
Down, will do for the breeder or grazier that 
raises them for market, as they come to an 
early maturity; but if you breed from them 
again, you will find their progeny to be as I 
have stated. 
Neither will it do to mix the Cotswold and 
Lincoln together to breed from — especially 
rams — as you will lose both wool and mutton. 
The first cross will grow large, but that will not 
compensate for the loss of feeding qualities. 
Their backs will be high on the middle, having 
what we term a fiddle bridge, and first class 
breeders avoid that as they would the plague. 
Some of my own relatives who farm largely, 
tried the cross some years back, and found it so. 
They had to sell out aud get the pure improved 
Lincoln before they could get the fat backs 
again. They have had several rams of us, but 
always ask particularly if we have Cotswold 
ewes have lambed or are up for lambing, 1 give 
them malt culm. oats, hay and chad’, and straw 
cut tine and mixed together, night aid morning, 
so that they have about one pint of oats per day. 
I always give them cut mangold wurzels, pre¬ 
ferring them to turnips, as they do not create 
fevers, and produce more milk. This is my 
plan, and I have uot lost a ewe in lambing for 
years. If you can, suckle your lambs on clover; 
if not, lay them on the grass land with cow- 
stock, not horses, Lambs will not do well if 
laid too thick, and do not let them be on the 
same pasture too long, as f requent change does 
them good. If you give your ewes some oats and 
cuke, with plenty of trough room, you will find 
the lambs will soon follow the example of their 
mothers, and eat, too; then w-hea they are 
1 weaned, if you follow on with linseed cake and 
‘WHOLE NO. 753. 
VOL. XV. NO. 30.} 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY n, 1864. 
Ralph Frans rot. 
