53,818 SOLD IN 1863—54,211 SOLD in the FIRST 6 MONTHS of 1864 
It has often appeared to me, that the parent 
plants of double flowers have long been under a 
course of high cultivation wrongly applied, if 
you can understand how that can be; but I shall 
explain by a reference to what is now very com¬ 
mon. A fruit tree bought, and is eared for in 
the highest degree of cultivation, and the con¬ 
sequence is an immense deal of wood and very 
little fruit. The Rystem changed; lighter 
soil, less roots, and lesser number of them more 
uear to the surface—that causes a check, and 
Then 
PRESERVING PEACHES 
GRAPE SUGAR AND CANE SUGAR. 
Of course peaches preserved in the ordinary 
way with sugar, pound for pound, are not to be 
thought of now ami they are neither good nor 
wholesome when they are so iio-h—a thick, 
heavy, indigestible and tasteless con-n-ve being 
produced. The proper way to preserve this 
delicious iruit is in small jirs with very little 
sugar. Our readers may have seen email glass 
barrel-shaned mustard pots. These are just the* 
thing for tin- purpose in the absence of air-tight 
jars, which are beyond the means of some. The 
glass mustard pots could be had in ordinary 
times for three rents each, and can now be sold 
for at most six cents, cork nud all. The way to 
preserve peaches in them is as follows:—Peel 
them nicely, split thc-m in half and take out the 
stones; split each half again, and put one-fourth 
of a pound of sugar to each pound of fruit, even 
less than this will do—as the fruit is naturally 
sweet it may he kept without any sugar what¬ 
ever. It is safest, however, to use a little. 
Scald the peaches, but do not boil them; then 
take a tablespoon and put each quarter in the 
mustard pots, which must have previously been 
placed in a kettle of water and allowed to heat 
gradually to the boiling point. After the quar¬ 
ters are all in, fill up the crevices with juice, to 
within one-fourth of an inch of the top, and 
continue the boiling under the pots, when the 
contents will rise, balding the peaches drives 
“A Grate Grower,” Niagara Co., N. Y., 
asks:—" I have frequently seen, in the discus¬ 
sions of Horticultural Societies, this term used— 
Grape sugar as distinct from Cone sugar. I con¬ 
fess my ignorance, and ask you to enlighten me. 
What is * Grape sugar,’ and how does it differ 
from ‘Cane sugar i* ” 
One difference between Grape and Cane sugar 
is, that the latter is much the sweeter, and more 
soluble in water. Grape sugar is only about one- 
third to two-fifths as sweet as Cane sugar. It 
does not crystalize as readily as Cane sugar. Tt. 
is found iu the grape and most sweet fruits. It 
is also the base of honey. It may be made from 
starch through the agency of sulphuric acid. Is 
manufactured largely in Europe for adulterat¬ 
ing Cane sugar. In England its manufacture is 
prohibited by law. It is used on the Continent 
in supplying sugar wherever it is defective in 
the natural or artificial musts that are subjected 
to fermentation. Ure says:—‘‘There is a re¬ 
markable difference in the fermentable property 
of Cane sugar and Grape sugar, which has 
not hitherto been sufficiently noticed, no men¬ 
tion of it being made in Chemical works. It is, 
that a solution of Grape sugar requires but a 
very small quantity of ferment to Induce alco¬ 
holic fermentation, while a solution of Cane 
sugar requires a large quantity. When a solu¬ 
tion is made of the same quantitiesof Cane sugar 
and Grape sugar in equal proportions of distilled 
water, it will be necessary to add at least eight 
times as much of the same ferment, to induce 
alcoholic fermentation in the solution of Cane 
sugar as in that of Grape sugar.” 
And in this difference we suppose lies the 
secret of its value over Cane sugar for wine¬ 
making purposes. In the wine regions of Europe 
this Starch or Cfrapc sugar is used to supply any 
deficiency of saccharine matter in the must. 
Some seasons no such supply is necessary, for 
no deficiency exists. The season is favorable to 
the development of sugar in the grape. But if 
the season is not favorable, Grape sugar manu¬ 
factured from starch, is added — Cane sugar is 
never used. 
fruit-buds come instead of wood 
ones. 
the high state of culture wrongly applied, which 
at the same time, 
I assume did the same thin, 
stimulated the vital powers, and at the same 
time curbed that power unnaturally, and that 
brought about the derangement in the progeny 
which we see in double flowers. And the prac¬ 
tice was on this wise:—The composts were then 
of the most stimulating character, and the ap¬ 
plications of them was exactly the reverse of 
Neither pots nor bor- 
what is now practiced, 
ders were then much drained, and all the com¬ 
post was sifted to the finest mold. Turn to thai 
system, and in time it will do as formerly.—D, 
Beaton, in Jour, llort. 
without the WRINGER 
with the WRINGER 
" Life is too short and human strength too precious for our ‘ womankind ’ to he kept at the 
old process of Washing and Wringing.”— Rev. T. L. Cutler. 
PEARS ON GRAVELLY LAND. 
Eds. Borax New-Yorkkp. : —Will you, 
through your paper, help me a little about rais¬ 
ing pear trees. Last spring I set out ten pear 
trees, five dwarf and five standard; my dwarfs 
look well, but the standards are half dead in 
appearance, and have been for two months, 
though they leaved out well at first. I wish to 
raise the standard trees as much for ornament 
to my lot (which is small) as for the fruit. The 
soil is gravelly sand, with very little surface 
soil. Now, how shall I Improve It? I can get 
saw-dust plenty. Will it pay to put It on the 
soil or to mix in -when I plow ? 1 can also get 
ashes but little leached. Will that do any 
good ? Or shall I draw on clay and mix with 
the sand ? Is horse manure of any use to such 
soil for trees ? I should be glad of your opinion, 
or that of any others who may have had expe¬ 
rience in the matter. H. G. Stevens. 
Hudson, Mich., August, 1S04. 
Remarks.— Applications of ashes, clay or 
stiff loam and stable manure, will make your 
soil all that can be desired. Avflid the saw¬ 
dust. Standard pear trees do not root so readily 
as those on the quince, and the past dry summer 
has been a severe trial to all newly transplanted 
trees.—B. 
tfcaldini 
the air out of the quarters, and the boiling sub¬ 
sequently perfects this process, so that In about 
thirty minutes the corks can be put in. The 
corks should be soaked in hot water, which 
makes them soft and easily compressed, and they 
must be driven in tight. The juice will be dis¬ 
placed at the top and overflow, but it must be 
wiped off, and the pots taken one by one and 
dipped instantly in a pot of rosin and beeswax, 
or tallow, which closes ail the pores in the cork 
and makes it absolutely all-tight. The cement 
should be made just so as to be tough, not brittle; 
it Is easily tried by dipping a little in cold water. 
Three pounds of peaches cost now about 
twenty-five cents, stoned ar.d peeled. The sugar 
for this amount would cost twenty-four cents; 
the sirup will increase the weight nearly one 
pound, and even at present prices we shall have 
four pounds of delicious sweetmeats at a cost of 
twelve cents per pound. Dried peaches cost at 
all times thirty cents per pound; next winter 
they will be dearer still. Which is the cheap¬ 
est—dried peaches or “peaches in juice,” as the 
French call them?—6’cienfirfc American. 
THE OHLY WEIKGEE WOT THE PATENT COG-WHEEL EEGTTLATOE 
NO FAMILY can afford to do without a WRINGER, especially in these times, of 
THE CARE OF APPLE TREES 
The preference given to practice over theory 
in the choice of articles for the Rural, make 
its counsels safe and reliable, 
NO WRINGER CAN BE DURABLE WITHOUT COG-WHEELS 
I offer an account 
of the care of our apple trees, and the visible 
effect. 
PRUNING BLACKBERRIES. 
THE UNIVERSAL WEINGEE 
Was pronounced superior to all others at 
The World’s Pair, in London, 1862, 
Received the P.ron-r Medal (highest premium* at the 
Great Fair oi the 
\mm IVTITUTE, IN NEW YORK CITY, 1868 . 
Also the SilverAtedal and Diploma in 1S62, and the Di¬ 
ploma and cej<tficate in 1863, at the 
NEW YORK STATE FAIR, 
lbeing the,blghest premiums.) It also took the First 
Premiums at the State Fairs in 1S63, in 
VERMONT, 
PENNSYLVANIA, 
INDIANA, 
IOWA, 
ILLINOIS, 
And at the principal County and Institute Fairs 
throughout the land. 
It will be In operation at aU the FRINC1PA1 FAIRS 
this year, and we Invite the special attention of every 
Housekeeper. Pamphlets, Descriptive Circulars, 
Testimonials. Ac., will be freely furnished to ah vis¬ 
itors. , 
TE STIuNdZOTSTI-A-IlS- 
We select the following from many ve have received, 
not only to show the Value of the Wringer as a Great 
Economizer, but to give the public the testimony of a 
few who have used “The Universal” almost from its 
first introduction, and who can -peak after many years 
experience of Its unparalleled durability and efficiency: 
AVom the American Affrie-uUurisl. 
From several years - experience with it in our own 
family; from -.lie testimony of hundreds who have used 
it: and from the implement itself—we feel certain that 
it is worthy i place in every family. A child can read¬ 
ily wring out a tL'.fulof clothes in a few minutes. It 
ts, in reality, a CU.tat.e Saver' u l\n%t Surer' ,vul a. 
Strenytk SBeer: We think the nuwXtue more than pays 
for itself , ■<■< •, y. : ir. In the saving of garments! There 
are several rinds, nearly alike lu general construction, 
but we consider 1". important that U:c Wringer be fitted 
with Oxjj, otherwise a mass of garments nmy clog the 
rollers, and the rollers upon the crank—halt’slip, and 
tear the clothes. Unr own ts one of the first made, and 
it is as good us near. after nearly four constant use: 
From Hmry Ward A«c&er, in ISM. 
After a constant use of the Universal Clothes 
Wringer for more Uian four years In my family, 1 am 
authorized by the “ powers that be,” tr. give it the most 
unqualified praise, and to pronounce it an indispensa¬ 
ble part of the machinery of housekeeping. Our serv¬ 
ants have alway s been wliliug to use it and always 
have liked It. 
This Is the firs'. Wring* r that I have found that would 
stand the service required or It. 1 had aLreadv “used 
up” one or more of every other kind l could get The 
rolls of all would twist and work loose after a short 
time using, and, of course, become worthless ,—Jc g? 
liuyjins, Lutejot's Hotel, _Ytti> l'ork. 
A fanner may as well attempt, to rake his heavy 
meadow, with a light old-fashioned Uand-rake, as to 
require bis wife to wring her clothes by hand.— Lock- 
Port f.V. F ) Journal. 
It wiLl wring any article, from a cambric Uandker- 
ciuer to a bed-quilt, leaving them scarcely any too damp 
tor vrouiug.—fim Ae.d'V Ame rican. 
It is the grandest Improvement that could possibly 
he Unreduced Into Utc establishment.—//. D. ScranUm , 
Congress Hall. I{url,estrr. 
It saves labor atui time, saves the elotlies, and has 
more than saved its.own cost.— Kev. Hr. Krebs. 
■ A3 , 3 labor-saving and ••lothes-saving machine, it is 
invaluable.—paertcua Hotel, Toronto, C. IF. 
It is a perfect gem .—Helavan Bwes \ Albany. 
Our orchard is on a prairie, and pro¬ 
tected on the north and north-west by a grove. 
It had borne but little fruit under cultivation, 
and was seeded with timothy and clover, several 
years since. The last three years it has pro- 
I’ERSONS having cultivated the New Rochelle 
blackberry, are possessed of sufficient knowl edge 
to understand the fact, that the longer they 
allow the canes to remain unpruned, the lateral 
branches are propoitionably shorter, and the 
fruit smaller. To obtain the largest size berries 
and the largest quantity too, cut back the lead¬ 
ing canes to not exceeding four feet In length, 
and shorten in all the lateral branches. This 
will be found to increase also the breadth of the 
stool, affording more bearing room, and gener¬ 
ally to result In greatly improving the crop. 
In field planting, the author of “Ten Acres 
Enough,” recommends and adopts (for we have 
just paid a visit to his place) the practice of cut¬ 
ting back the canes to from three to three and 
a half feet. They then require no staking—a 
very great saving in time and expense—as we 
saw not a single support in six acres of the 
blackberry, which stood resolutely on their own 
“pins,” and promised an immense yield. In 
the whole six acres, too, it will do no harm to 
remark, and for the cultivators to bear in mind, 
we did not see weeds enough to till the grip of a 
hand!— Germantown Telegraph. 
How to Make Artificial Honey.— No¬ 
ticing, a short time since, an article in the Rural 
*• About Making Honey,” I thought I would 
send you a recipe that I bought some time 
since, and find upon tidal to give a good imita¬ 
tion of genuine honey: 
Dissolve a piece of alum the size of a nutmeg 
in oue quart of water, bring to a brisk boil, re¬ 
move from the fire, and into the solution stir 
eight pounds of good white sugar; boil for three 
or four minutes, and strain through a thin doth. 
When cold flavor with the following:—Into one 
pint of alcohol put one ounce of best Jamaica 
ginger, pulverized; add 15 drops otto roses; 
allow the whole to macerate with frequent shak¬ 
ing for three or four days. Use one teasi^on- 
ful for five pounds of honey. The b^- er the 
quality of sugar used, the more pwfect will be 
the imitation; and the cost of >ie honey will be 
about two-thirds that of iheMgar used.—F. N. 
Blackman, Tomuh, Ills. 
ite, and others. Some of the trees have pro¬ 
duced twenty bushels each of a season; and 
form beautiful arbors around tbeir trunks, by 
their long branches bending in arches to the 
ground from the weight of fruit. 
They were giving much to us, and we thought 
we ought to make some returns to them, by 
ridding them, in the first place, of worm nests, 
which wo do in a very simple and effectual way, 
with a light pole of the size of a fishing rod, and 
having two short prongs at the small end, which 
are formed by cutting off two trimmed branches 
three or four inches out from the end of the 
pole. We thrust this fork Into a nest, and by 
tw is ting, find there is strength enough in the 
web to wind the worms into a shroud of their 
own. We bring them to the ground, and press 
them from the rod with a foot. As the rough, 
or exuviated bark of trees conceals the larva and 
eggs of insects, wo, last spring, scraped it care¬ 
fully from the trunks and large branches of our 
apple trees, and then put about four quarts of 
ashes around each tree, and close to the trunk. 
The effect has been marked: for, though the 
season has been very dry, the trees have grown 
more vigorously than they did the previous 
year. Nature rightly punishes our neglect; but 
she amply rewards our care, and giveth to her 
votaries until each want and wish Is satisfied. 
Prophetsrown, IU. 8. A. 
Remedy for Diarrhea.. — The Chicago 
Tribune says:—•• A ‘ loyal woman ’ sends us the 
following: For the benefit of our soldiers in the 
army, please insert 'be following excellent 
remedy for diarrheaPut into a bowl a table¬ 
spoonful of sale molasses, then make a strong tea 
of elder flow**'*, and while boiling hot strain it 
into the molasses, that it may be thoroughly 
scalded. When cool, let the patient drink freely 
of it. The above is an old remedy , having been 
used in the last war to cure the camp distemper. 
I could wish its virtues more generally known, 
and that elder-flowers, with directions for using, 
might be made an essential item in the sanitary 
stores.” 
(PliXOKS AND SIZES. 
The MiG usually sold for family use are Nos. I, {It: 
13*. S12; Aid 2. SIC. These have our PATENT COG¬ 
WHEEL REGULATOR, ami are warranted. They are 
sufficiently Vge to pass any articles ever washed in 
the family. 
Nos. 2>t, a\i 3, $s, are act recommended or war¬ 
ranted, having -'Vfiuail roUs that cogs can not he used; 
although tlu-y arev me same size wed on other Wring¬ 
ers of the same r\-,\ We put them on the list so 
as to he able to auawy calls. We have sold at retail 
but one In over a yearWnd oar customers very seldom 
have* calls for a “ no Co*j \y finger. 
On receipt of the price,w,m places where no one is 
selling, we will send the U.V ^ fuee of expense. 
Fruit and Flower Committees at the State 
Fair.— Flowers, Professional List— W. II. Romeyn, 
Kingston; J. II. Gould, Wyoming; Edward P.Bowen, 
Buffalo. Amateur List and General List—J. W. Jones, 
Chatham Four Comers; Dr H. A Crittenden, Bath; 
Charles A. St, Clair, Holley. 
Fruits. Professional List — H. T. Brooks, Pearl 
Creek; Isaiah Ynnncy, Johnstown; Ira Porter, Fredo* 
nia. Amateur List—Charles Downing, Newburgh; E 
D. Lay, Ypsiianil, Mich.; H G. Dickerson. Lyons. 
Premiums of the Society arc open to competition to 
exhibitors from other States and Canadas. 
DOUBLE FLOWERS, 
An Ant Trap.— Here is what a respected 
contemporary calls “ a capital idea ” for house¬ 
wives and others troubled with these pests. 
“ Procure a large sponge, wash It well and press 
it dry, which will leave the cells quite open; 
then sprinkle over it some line white sugar, and 
place it near where the ants are troublesome. 
They will soon collect upon the sponge, and 
take up their abode in the cells. It is only 
necessary to dip the sponge in scalding hot 
water, which will wash them out dead by the 
tens of thousands. Put on more sugar, and set 
the trap for a new haul. This process will soon 
clean the house of every ant." 
Sambuci Wise. — (Havenswood ) You ask what 
“Sambnci Wine” is made of. We do not know, hut 
we have seen it asserted that it is made of the fruit of 
that farmer’s pest, Samhucus canadrnsis ,—the common 
elder of the road-sides and fence-corners of every un¬ 
tidy farmer’s farm in the Eastern State*. We see that 
somebody—probably an ex*White Willow peddler—is 
trying to write this elder into the pomological church. 
And some editors, who ought to know better, are lend¬ 
ing their columns to such characters for this purpose; 
and the next thing we shall hear will be the “hawk 
inga” of this plant all through the West; and it U not 
at all improbable that Peddler Sham* will dig it on one 
corner of Goodie Queen’s farm and sell It to Greks, 
on the other corner, as the “ Sambuci Wine plant.” it 
will be a great speculation, for the entire tribe of 
Gkkenies will buy it. 
SELF-ADJUSTING AND ADJUSTABLE. 
The only Wringer with the 
E*atent Cog-Wlieel li,vi>uKvtor. 
For turning both rolls together, and which positively 
pre-vein.' the rolls from 
BREAKING OR TWISTING ON THE SHAFT 
It is not only a perfect Wringer, hut the \pg-wheek 
give it a power which renders it a most 
EXCELLENT WASH2R, 
Pressing and separating, -is it does, the dirt wiu the 
water from the clothes, leaving them dryer, whiter and 
smoother than when “wrung” by hand. The water 
can oe pressed from large and small articles, easlir, 
quicker and more thoroughly th.au by the ordinary, old* 
fashioned back-breaking, wrist-straining, and elothes- 
destroying process. The cog-w heels prevent all “wear 
and tear” of clothes by the frictiou of the rolls or 
breaking of stitches by twisting. 
one style of cultivating plants; ami I hold it as a 
“ fact” of the want of decay in the art of culti¬ 
vation, that when cultivation emerged from the 
rule of thumb, to assume the natural or scientific 
practice now so far ou the march of progress, 
the change was inimical to the production of 
double-flowering seedlings; that like the varie¬ 
gation of plants about which we have been so 
long and so far out at sea, tho cause of double- 
ness was not owing to the superior cultivation of 
the parents, but to a long course of very un¬ 
natural way of growing plants, so to speak. All 
these changes 1 hold to have been brought about 
under conditions which were not natural, or 
likely to bring out the vigor of the parents in a 
natural way. 1 hold, also, that there was noth¬ 
ing accidental in the cause why double flowers 
or variegated leaves have been, or still are pro¬ 
duced; that the result was owing to a sure and 
certain law, which would be now just as sure 
and certain in its result, if we did but know it. 
And although l hold that opinions which are 
not backed by experiment are of little worth, I 
shall give my private opinion on how double 
flowers have been formerly obtained, without 
putting more stress on it than if 1 had never 
given the subject a thought. 
Cooking Prairie Chickens.— Having tried 
various ways of cooking prairie chickens, I will 
give you the one I consider the very best of all: 
Skin tho chickens, (which makes them sweeter,) 
cut them open on the back and through the 
breast. Fry themin butter, with salt and pepper 
to the taste. Cook them to a nice brown , If 
you don’t call them good, your taste is not that 
of—A Western Dame, S'qfc Line. bid. 
Plums for Name.—(D. II., Wtlksbarre, Pa ) The 
large purple plum you send us is Bradshaw. Thcsmall 
yellow plum is Cloth of Gold; the large yellow we 
cannot identify without wood and leaf. The frnit came 
in very bad condition. Specimens should never be sent 
in paper boxes, but in strong wooden ones, packed so 
that they cannot be shakeu, nor touch each other. And 
the wood, stem aud leaf should accompany fruit scut 
for name. 
Except for starched linen and very dirty articles, and 
the clothes go ou to the line 
nearly dry, 
and much smoother aud whiter than when done the old 
way; besides avoiding the usual pounding, rubbing, 
stretching, straining, aud malting or tins clothes, to say 
nothing of the parboiled hands, raw knuckles, lame 
back- 8 , aud wasted time; for with the Wringer the 
WASHING CAN BE DOVE IN HALF THE TIME 
otherwise required. 
DOMESTIC INQUIRIES 
Pick.lino Point Hams. — W I you please inform me 
the best method of pickling pork hams -L- C. T, 
Coiorino Recites Wanted. — Can any of your 
readers give a recipe for coloring cotton goods a good 
Niuiklu color? And can Sol ferine zephyr be colored a 
dark purple, or a dark brown?— L, M F, St. Louis, 
Mich. 
Woolen Raos and Caterpillars.— A French gar- 
dener finding a piece of woolen cloth, which the wind 
had lodged in a tree, covered with caterpillars, acted 
upou the idea suggested, aud placed woolen rags in 
several trees. Every morning he found them covered 
with caterpillars, which were easily removed. 
