ROCHESTER, N. Y.-EOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10,1864 
[WHOLE NO. 778 
MOOBE'8 BUBAL NEW-YOEKEK, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
becoming systematized. It is done not only at 
less expense, but more rapidly and efficiently 
by associations of men who purchase steam 
plows jointly, with which to do their work. 
Our Western farmers should also act upon this 
hint, if the steam apparatus in use in England 
may be profitably used here. Indeed, the 
demands upon the producers of the country are 
such, with the scarcity of labor and the increased 
demand for their products, that association is 
becoming an absolute necessity—as well to 
economize labor and diminish the cost of pro¬ 
duction as to meet the organizations of trades¬ 
men and commercial men -with organizations. 
We commend this subject to the attention of 
farmers. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
OnARUI D. BIUfiDON, AwKK'late Editor. 
EHNBY 8. HAND Alii* LL. D_ 
Sdltor Department of Bheep Husbandry. 
SPECIAL OONTKIBUTORSl 
P. BARRY, C. DEWEY, IX. D., 
H. T. BROOKS, L. B. LANGWORTHY 
tub Rural Nkw-Yorksr is designed to be unsur¬ 
passed In Value, Purity, and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful In Appearance. Its Conductor 
devotes his personal attention to the supervision of lu 
various departments, and earnestly labors to render 
the Rural an eminently Reliable Gnlde on all the 
Important Practical, Scientific and other Subjects Inti¬ 
mately connected with the business or those whose 
Interests It zealously advocates. As a F.cxtily JOURNAL 
It Is eminently Instructive and Entertaining—being so 
conducted that It can be saicly taken to the Homes of 
people of Intelligence, taste and discrimination. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, Interspersed 
with appropriate Engravings, than any other Journal,— 
rendering it the most complete Agricultural Litk- 
BABY AND Family N KWH PAPER lu America. 
AGRICULTURAL PATENTS 
We believe in patents. The protection of 
patents has developed invention in this country 
to a wonderful extent. We have no word to say 
against such protection of inventors. But there 
is another thing being developed—selfishness. 
Why, there are men who would patent the 
nose on your face if they thought they could 
make you pay a fee for wearing it’ We look to 
see something as startling as that patented yet! 
Abstract ideas are becoming patentable 1 For 
we see it advertised that educational systems 
are protected to the pretentious originators by 
the seal of the Fatent Office. Sometime since 
we received from Messrs. Corky A Sons, Lima, 
Ind., a very fine sample of cider jelly. It 
was excellent It had been made on Cook's 
Sorgo Evaporator with Corey’s Improvements. 
These gentlemen claim that no such article has 
ever been made before, in the way and manner 
they made this. Forthwith they get a patent 
for it— not only for making it in the way and 
manner in which they made it, but a patent 
covering the evaporation of the juice of most of 
the fruits in any way. That is the substance of 
the right as we gathered it from the letters pat¬ 
ent shown to us. Had this patent been confined 
to the manufacture of this jelly in the may these 
gentlemen make it, and on the evaporator they 
use in its manufacture—and they assert it can 
be made in no other way—we should have no 
word to say against their enjoyment of all the 
benefits that could result to them from such a 
patent. For these gentlemen are not the in¬ 
ventors of eider jelly by evaporation. We ate 
it years before they obtained their patent. 
Our object in calling attention to this matter 
is simply this:—We do not fear that these gen¬ 
tlemen, backed up by their patent, will prevent 
Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Jones and Mrs. Brow n 
evaporating apple, pear, currant, gooseberry, or 
any other kind of juice they choose, in pans, 
kettles, basins, boilers, Ac. For people have 
got in the habit of doing it, and no patent will 
frighten them from so doing. Many will be as¬ 
tonished to learn that the process is patented. 
But the possession of such letters patent gives 
the holders power to sell simple people “ rights’’ 
which they have no moral right to sell. This 
patent-right business Ls becoming one of the 
profound sciences—the vending of these rights 
Tub Subscriition prick of the Rural Is *3.00 per 
annum. For particulars as to Terms see last page. 
ASSOCIATED HUSBANDRY. 
where who have bred them, that a cross of them and 
ese are the Bremen improves the latter. We shall be 
in this glad to publish any information our correspond- 
an the ems ;sa furnish relative to the comparative 
nage is value of these fowls. The present price of poul- 
y those try suggests attention to this subject. 
the manufacture of paper. We have known of | 
its being so used to a considerable extent. But it 
is not so valuable for this purpose, in the manu¬ 
facture of print paper, as straw at the same 
price per tun. There is more waste, and it 
requires more alkali in its preparation. It 
makes a better and stronger wrapping paper 
than straw, and we have been told that if dried 
and baled, paper makers could pay about the 
same price for it as for straw, for this purpose. 
But if the making of paper from corn husks 
proves to be all it promises, the occupation of 
bagasse in the paper mills will be gone. 
L It may be that this refuse sorghum will 
have a commercial value as furnishing dyes for 
coloring. The experiments of the Chemist of 
the Agricultural Department at Washington, 
resulting in the production of several bright 
and fast (apparently) colors, noticed on page 8GG 
current Yol. Rural, go to fix attention upon 
this feature of this plant. These colors or dyes, 
we understand, are obtained both from the stalk 
We shall await 
FERMANENT STATE FAIR GROUNDS, 
It is asserted that the State Agricnlural Society 
intend to purchase some thirty or forty acres of land 
from the Fatroon, between Albany and Troy, for 
the purpose of permanently locating the Slate Fair 
Grounds. The site referred to is a Enoone. The loca¬ 
tion is central and accessible from all points. 
We find the above paragraph going the ( 
rounds of the papers lu this State. We do not 
know its origin, nor what authority there is for 
the statement. We are inclined to think it is 
set afloat by somebody interested, as a feeler— 
to get an expression of the people on this sub¬ 
ject of ^permanent location." It is very proper 
the farmers of the State, who are taxed to sup¬ 
port this institution, should have some voice in 
determinhg where the Fair shall be permanent¬ 
ly located, if It is to be so located. We are not 
sure that a permanent location in any one place 
is desirable. If it is, we are very positive that 
the desirable point for its location in order to 
accommodate, reach, and influence the greatest 
number of the class interested, is very far west 
of the point above indicated. We are confident 
the agriculturists of the State will think so. 
And we ire also firm in the belief that the State 
Society will make a grave mistake — one which 
will affect, vitally, its prosperity and usefulness, 
—if it adopts the proposed locality in case of 
permanent location. 
ourselves, without paying tribute to other 
countries for it. If people delight in beautiful, 
glossy worsteds, let us raise the long, brilliant, 
English wools for them. If they have a tooth 
for matchless mutton, let us cover enough of 
our farms near the cities with South Downs to 
meet the want. Away with this narrow', one¬ 
sidedness in farming matters, as well as else¬ 
where ! There is room enough in the markets 
of the United States for the products of the 
American Merino, the Silesian Merino, the Long 
Woo led Sheep and the Middle Wcoied Sheep; 
and every p<Uriotic man will rejoice to see our 
own supply meet out own demand for ail of their 
products. 
and seed, and at no great cost, 
further developments with considerable interest, 
SOME OF OUR CONDENSINGS, 
To Keep Piijs Healthy. —A correspondent of a 
Pennsylvania paper says:—•• A good warm bed, 
with plenty of straw, is a preventive for all 
diseases to which a pig is liable." 
OrchaOrd Grass per acre.— Two bushels per 
acre are recommended if sown alone; sown 
wuri clover, one bushel is enough. It weighs 
about twelve pounds to the bushel. 
Cutting Orchard Grass.— A writer in the 
IT.ral Advertiser says it is a mistake, frequently 
made, that this grass is allowed to get too old 
before cutting it. It should be cut young—at 
the same time with clover, with which it blos¬ 
soms. Because it is not cut early, it is in bad 
repute in some quarters as hay. 
Horse-Flesh for Food. —A strong effort is 
making in Europe to popularize horse-flesh as 
food. In France there have been horse-flesh 
banquets, and in Vienna and other Continental 
cities butcher's shops are opened for the sale of 
this meat. Query—Can horse-beef be grown 
easier and cheaper than Devon-beef ? 
Bleeding Hogs,—A. recent writer says:— 
Bleeding is a remedy for most of the diseases 
t to which a bog is liable, and one of the best 
places to bleed a hog is ; n the roof of the 
mouth.’’ He objects to bleeding from the 
artery inside the fore-arm just above the knee, 
because it is more difficult to stop the flow of 
blood there than in the roof of the mouth. In 
the latter place it is stopped by applying a cloth 
well saturated with cold water. 
To obtain some statistics of Sheep Husbandry 
in Australia we sent out inquiries to a friendly 
correspondent, who placed them in the hands of 
Messrs. J. H. Clough & Co., the great wool 
merchants of Melbourne, whose agencies extend 
to nearly all, if not all, the important local wool 
markets in Victoria. Their answers, intended 
for our inspection, embrace the following facts: 
The average number of sbeep kept in one flock 
is from 2,000 to 3,000. Twenty-two individuals 
or firms are named, which, in the aggregate, own 
1,473,500 head—or, on the average, nearly 07.000 
each. The sheep “ are principally Merino, 
although in some instances they are crossed 
with the Leicester?, Cotswolds and South 
Downs, according to the respective fancies of 
the breeders." The average yield of wool is 
‘‘about five pounds per sheep greasy, and two 
and a half pounds washed.’’ The average price 
per pound obtained for wool in Australia is 
quoted by Messrs. Clough A Co., at from Is. 
Gd. to 2s. 2d. for washed, and from Sd. to Is. 2d, 
for greasy, and they add:—“Of course there are 
exceptional prices outside these quotations, both 
higher and lower.’' They state that “ amongst 
the choice flocks of the Colony, the Steiger blood 
[pure Saxons bred by Herr Steiger of Leute- 
witz,] has been most highly appreciated," but 
SORGHUM BAGASSE. 
ent, it is, consequently, valuable. And they 
pay to learn that it is not so great a thing alter 
alL Riggs* patent for “making sugar from 
sorghum ” is one of these patent deceptions, by 
which a great many good folks have been sold 
the past season. And we regard this patent of 
the gentlemen Corky, In Us terms, equally ab¬ 
surd. To show its absurdity, they will sell a 
man one of their evaporators. He pays them a 
patent fee when he buys it, for it is a patented 
article. He may evaporate sorghum juice ou 
it, or perhaps the juice Of the maple; but he 
has no light to boil down his cider in it, nor 
in anything else, unless he pays them another 
fee for the privilege. It is not a patent upon a 
particular mode of evaporating, but upon evap¬ 
orating the juice of fruits by any mode / At 
least, that is the way we understand the plaiu 
English in which the Fatent Office has speci¬ 
fied their claim. 
We tell our readers that we do not advise 
them to pay for such “ rights ” as these gentle¬ 
men have to sell. We advise you to evaporate 
or boil your cider, pear, quince, currant, and 
other juice, in any way you choose. And do 
not let auy pretender make you believe that 
God’s law of evaporation is patentable. 
M. Miller, of Allen Co., Ind., wants to 
kuow what he can do with crushed sorghum 
stalks fre m his cane mill. We will tell him, and 
others interested, what we can ou ibis subject: 
1. Tbtre has been an effort. made by many 
manufacturers of sorghum sirup, :o burn the 
bagasse —to use it for fuel in evaporating. 
Some years since, in Ottawa. 11:., (we think, 
though not positive,) we saw it being used 
with wood, and the party so using it thought 
it a saving of fuel. But, judging by what 
we have seen, we are inclined to doubt if it 
is profits ale fuel. We know' that manufacturers 
have been experimenting with a v .ew to render 
it valuable, but we are not informed of any 
success. 
2. W remember seeing a statement some¬ 
where that it had been used to cover potato 
seed in the spring, and an excellent crop of 
potatoer grown under it— tu<. seed being drop¬ 
ped on the land and the crusned stalks spread 
thickly over the entire surface. After taking 
out the potatoes in the fall, the refuse sorghum 
is plowed, in making manure. 
3. An effort has been made, and heretofore 
noticed in the Rural, to use this material in 
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