THE RECIPROCITY TREATY WITH CANADA. 
The Washington correspondent of the Phil¬ 
adelphia Inquirer , giving an abstract of a report 
on trade and commerce, prepared by the United 
States Treasury Department, and just published, 
says: 
Another department of foreign trade very 
thoroughly treated In this report is that profes¬ 
sing to deserve the title of “ reciprocity” with 
Canada and the British Prov¬ 
inces. A iargemass of statistics 
of the trade under this treaty 
has here first been compiled, and 
fall results are given for every 
year from 1854 to 1864. The facts 
% disclosed are singular, and should 
arrest attention. To Canada it 
;4s®l^ps appears that ourtrade has largely 
declined, under- the heavy tariff 
they have imposed, while their 
trade to the United States has 
as largely increased. The treaty 
— _ released from duty a total of one 
ri ~~- ~~ri hundred ami fifteen millions of 
their produce sold to 113 in eight 
years, while it released from du- 
ty but seventy-three millions 
worth of our pro<iuce sold to 
t.;' - v\ them in the same period, 
ABOUT OZONE 
WHAT IS IT? 
One of the most interesting discoveries of 
modern science is that of Ozone. The name 
given to it Is significant of its odor, which is 
that which is evolved during the rapid action of 
an electrical machine. 
But little was known of this substance previ¬ 
ous to the researches of C. F. Schcf.nbein, 
Professor of Chemistry in Basle, in 1S39. Since 
that time much attention has been given to 
the investigation of its physical and medical 
properties. 
Different opinion- have been entertained as 
to the nature of ozone. SCHiknbein, at first, 
considered it a pcr-oxlde of hydrogen. Other 
investigators have regarded it as a peculiar con¬ 
dition of oxygen gas—which opinion was at 
length adopted by its discoverer: but his ori¬ 
ginal view is now generally accepted,—namely, 
that it is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen 
gases — a bin-oxide or per-oxide of by drogen. 
WHERE FOUND. 
Ozone is generally present in the atmosphere, 
existing however in very small and variable 
proportion?. It is perceptible by its odor when 
it constitutes but a millionth part of the atmo- 
pbere. In a concentrated condition it is highl y 
irritating to the air passages, — its inhalation 
causing severe catarrhal symptoms. An atmos¬ 
phere charged with 1-lO.OOOth part of ozone 
was found by Dr. Hammond to destroy birds 
and mice in a few minutes. It is supposed that 
a little more than l-2000th part, would prove 
fatal to man. As however it never exists in t he 
atmosphere in dangerous excess, the only evils 
attributed to it are those of irritation and in¬ 
flammation of the pulmonary organs during 
the cold season when it is found in the largest 
amount. 
ITS PROPERTIES. 
These can only be briefly alluded to. Those 
which have excited the most interest are—1. Its 
oxidizing power. It acts in this way with great 
promptness and power on all mineral and or¬ 
ganic substances. Its presence in dew accounts 
for the speedy rusting of iron when exposed to 
this kind of moisture. 2. Its bleaching prop¬ 
erty. T 11 this respect it has no equal. The 
effects commonly attributed to the solar rays 
are due to the influence of ozone. 3. Its disin¬ 
fecting power. The agency of ozone in purify¬ 
ing the atmosphere from noxious odors and 
miasms render it ope of the most interesting 
and remarkable substances known to chemists. 
No other agent acts so promptly to destroy 
offensive odors aud to arrest decomposition. Dr. 
Hammond states that an atmosphere charged 
with from 1 to 3-240.000th part of ozone is able 
to disinfect its own volume of air as fully 
charged as possible with the odor of putrescent 
meat. There is reason to believe that it not 
only destroys the odor of decomposing animal 
and vegetable substances, but that it also ren¬ 
ders innocuous those mia=ms which, originating 
in the soil or other source.-, are the causa of a 
great variety of epidemic and endemic diseases. 
In alluvial regions fevers have been found to 
prevail, eoinckkntly with a deficiency of ozone, 
while at the same time contiguous elevated 
regions, where ozone was abundant, have been 
free from such diseases. It has been affirmed 
that the prevalence of cholera has borne a 
defiuite relation to tbe presence or absence of 
ozone. These points cannot bo fully discussed 
in the present connection: but it scarcely ad¬ 
mits of a reasonable doubt that wherever the 
atmosphere is found sufficiently ozonised au in¬ 
fluence is exerted unfavorable to the prevalence 
of the class of diseases alluded to. Schienbein 
and others are of the opinion that ozone is a 
direct and influential cause of influenza and 
inflammation of the pulmonary organs. With 
this single exception, ozone affords a remarkable 
Instance of the beneficent provision of nature 
for the preservation of auimai life and health 
through its wonderful power of keeping the 
atmosphere pure and wholesome. 
SOURCES OF OZONE. 
Ozone may be produced artificially in various 
ways. We have alluded to the action of the 
electrical machine which led to its discovery, 
Phosphorus immersed in water and exposed to 
the light of the sun evolves ozone. It may 7 also 
fie obtained from the oil of turpentine exposed 
in a simitar way, as well as by other methods 
known to chemists. But the great source of 
ozone in nature is found in the agency of elec¬ 
tricity in connection with solar influence aud 
moisture. The passage of electricity over 
water evolves it. The sea, lakes aud rivers 
yield it abundantly, exposed to the solar rays. 
It has a source in thunder storms, thus enabling 
us to account for their well known influence in 
purifying the atmosphere. The adiuity of ozone 
for atmospheric impurities causes it to be 
rapidly destroyed during tbe time when the 
processes of decomposition are most rapid. This 
may account, in part at least, for the fact that it 
is more abundant in winter than in summer; 
more in tho country than iu cities; more in 
elevated than in low regions; and that it is 
seldom, if ever, fonnd in occupied houses. Re¬ 
quiring but a low degree of heat for its produc¬ 
tion, it is destroyed by high temperature, as 
268° F. 
THE OZONOSCOPE. 
The test for the presence of ozoue in the at¬ 
mosphere is founded on its property of decom¬ 
posing the iodide of potassium. A piece of 
paper or cloth iuoistcucd with a solution of 
starch and the iodide constitutes the ozonoscope. 
This test paper being moistened and exposed to 
tho air acquires a blue color, from the iodide of 
starch, if ozoue be present. The intensity of 
the color affords a means of estiinatimr the 
There 
A 5^ is also a large transit trade to 
come ont of this last total, wheat. 
Sour and grain merely carried 
V ; across the peninsula of Upper 
Canada, on its way from the 
West to Eastern markets. 
Our real trade with Canada declined from 
$12,700,000 in 1856, to $2,900,000 in 1SC2. Since 
this “reciprocity” began, we have paid duty 
&n all this real and desirable trade, which has 
averaged $3,400,000 yearly, while they have 
paid duty on an average of about $467,000 worth 
sent to the United States, and this nearly all 
foreign merchandise. The treaty appears to 
have been ingeniously constructed to give a 
free market to all the Canadas wanted to sell, 
and to nothing we cared to sell to Canada. With 
other provinces on the Atlantic coast, the results 
are not quite so bad as with Canada, since they 
do buy our flour and grain to consume, but we 
give them an untaxed market for vast amounts 
of coal to compete with our taxed coal of Penn- 
sj I vania. They sent 2S2,000 tuns of coal to our 
markets in 1863, and are sending 500,000 at least 
The above excellent and spirited engraving 
represents the Rotary Steam Fire Engine — 
the improved horse machine —as now manu¬ 
factured at the “Island Works,” Seneca Falls, 
N. Y. This large establishment —now owned 
exclusively by II. C. Btlsby, Esq., wbohasbeen 
its principal proprietor and manager for many 
years — is mainly devoted to the manufacture of 
Steam Fire Engines: and the fact that it con- 
cededly furnishes the most simple and reliable 
machines for the purpose in use, is highly cred¬ 
itable to the skill and enterprise or its founder, 
and reflects credit upon the manufacturing inter¬ 
ests of Western New York. For tbe machines 
made at the “Island Works” are claimed ad¬ 
vantages possessed by none others — including 
great power with low pressure of steam, even 
and uniform pressure upon the leading hose, not 
eausiug them to burst, though they will force 
water much further than any other engine. 
The boiler used is Cfaff's Patent Circulating 
Tube, a quick and rapid steam generator, very 
easily kept in repair. The Engine anti Pump 
are Holly's Patent Rotary, having no valves 
or connecting rods or other complications liable 
to get out of onier. The engine is warranted 
by the manufacturer to give satisfaction in every 
particular—and the one of his make, owned and 
used by this city, has given entire satisfacfion, 
we believe, and cost much less for repairs than 
any one of the machines obtained from other 
sources. Three sizes are made —costing at 
present from $1,000 to $6,000. We believe one 
or two of the machines are furnished with 
either hand or horse tongue, as preferred — but 
the large size, above illustrated, is drawn only 
by horse power. There are now about one 
hundred of these engines in use in different 
cities and large villages of the United States, 
Canada and Europe. 
The great advantage of Steam Fire Engines 
over the old hand machines has been fully 
demonstrated in most of our large cities and 
many villages, and we are not surprised to learn 
that the “Island Works” find it impossible to 
keep pace with orders — for every city or large 
town in the country ought to be supplied with 
at least one good Steam Fire Engine. And 
at the present time — when so much danger is 
apprehended from incendiarism, the rebels hav¬ 
ing already attempted to burn some of our 
towns — we voluntarily (and not for the benefit 
or at the solicitation of the manufacturer,) give 
the above illustration and notice, and call atten¬ 
tion to the great importance and economy of 
steam fire engines. The matter is especially 
worthy of action on the part of the authorities 
of cities and villages not already thoroughly 
nrotected against either the accidental or incen¬ 
diary lighting of destructive conflagrations. 
amount of ozone. For accurate purposes and 
for records an instrument has been contrived 
called the ozonometer. 
PRACTICAL DEDUCTIONS. 
In this imperfect sketch we have only de¬ 
signed to present to RURAL readers as briefly as 
possible some of the principal points of interest 
connected with this newly discovered agent. It 
is interesting to knosv that, iu the Laboratory of 
Nai ure, a substance is provided capable of acting 
as an antidote to noxious influences which would 
otherwise prove fertile sources ot disease and 
death. We have a test, in the presence of 
ozone, by which to estimate the purity and 
healthiness of the atmosphere, — as, where it 
abounds, impurities eannot exist. We are also 
able to account for the beneficial influence of tho 
sea air, of elevated localities, and of pine forests, 
all of which are characterized by the presence 
of this agent. The unhealthiness of cities is 
due to atmospheric impurities iu excess which 
transcend its disinfecting power. Lastly, as it 
is uot to be detected in our dwellings we must 
inter that they coutain au atmosphere least tit 
fur respiration; and we are thereby taught how 
necessary is a life in the open air to the best 
attainment of health. The special care taken 
to exclude the pure m l purifying atmosphere 
from our houses during a large portion of the 
year is well calculated to multiply cases of dis¬ 
ease, as well a- to give gieater malignity to 
those of an epidimio character, which, from 
time to time, bring desolation to households. 
The subject has also a bearing on the eligibility 
of certain modes of heating houses. Hot air 
furnaces have been long suspected of injuring 
the vital properties ot tbe air. The relations of 
ozone to heat, and its destruction at high tem¬ 
perature, vendor it certain that none of this 
important purifying agent can overpass the fiery 
ordeat ot the furnace chamber. 
voted for Washington for President, and 
attended all the Presidential elections since, 
excepting that four years ago, when he was 
sick and did not attend. 
Tbe folio'.tor preamble and resolutions were 
then presented to tbe Town Meeting, which 
were adopted by a unanimous vote: 
IfTiereus, Our very venerable and highly re¬ 
spected fellow citizen. Hex. John Phillips, 
if .*10 is thif day one hundred and four years, 
four months and nine days old, ami who yet 
retains his mental and physical tacuities in a 
high degree: and, 
HTimas, He has traveled some t wo miles to 
attend this Town Meeting, and has deposited 
hie ballot for Presidential Electors, ami State, 
County and Town Officers, therefore, 
Resolved, That this be entered on the records 
I of the town as a living memorial of his undy- 
j iog patriotism ami devotion to country, and as 
l an incident, perhaps, unparalleled in the annals 
For the Rural New-Yorker. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA. 
I AU composed of 35 letters. 
My 5 11, 31, 26, 35 signifies to happen. 
My 20. S, 26, 14, 31 is the name of a river in North 
Carolina. 
My SO. 16,32, 33, 19, 9, 36, 23, 7 is controlled by my 
whole. 
My 25, at is a preposition. 
My 14, 32, 22, 21, 2,14 when placed in the hands of 
Mv 15, 35, 26, 8, 4,13, 27 generally insures a Union vic¬ 
tory over the " Rebs.” 
My 1, 2S, 16, 7 is a species of wild animal. 
My 25, 2\ if, ij a numeral adjective. 
My 3.10, 6, 36,15.12, 31, IS is what Sheridan done to 
the Rebel cannon recently. 
My 17. 2). 13 is a kind of grain. 
My whole is the name and place of residence of a 
man held in high repute by thousands of farmers. 
Saint Johns, Mich., 1854. Leroy. 
ty Answer in two weeks. 
Eds. Rural Nkw-Yorkkr: — The oldest 
voter in the United States, Seth Marvin of 
Oonneaut Tp., Crawford C'o.. Pa., was one hut- 
dred and four (104) June 10th. 1864. and has all 
his faculties except his sight. He was at the 
battle of Monmouth in the Revolution, has voted 
at every Presidential election except W ashing¬ 
ton’s first term, when he was not old enough. 
Lie always voted Democratic until this fall, 
when he v iti d 'or LINCOLN. He informed the 
writer of this on June 10ri. 18ES, the flay he 
was 103, that he had eleven grand-sons then in [ 
the Union Army. He wished me to enroll him 
and .-tare t hese facts, j did so, and it has beeu 
copied on every roll and sent to all the D part- 
meats. Dayton Sigler. 
Ltneaville, Nov. 8ih, 1664 
To show our correspondent how easy it is to 
be mistaken, and how unsafe it is to make asser¬ 
tions, as well us to record another interesting 
fact, we copy the following from a correspond¬ 
ent to the Boston Journal, writing from Stur- 
bridge, Mass., Nov. 8th. 1864: 
Deacon John Phillips oi this town, who 
is one hundred and four years, four months and 
nine days old. appeared at the town ball and de¬ 
posited bis ballot for Presidential Electors and 
State Officers. lie was brought in a carriage, 
aud then conveyed into the hall in a chair sup¬ 
ported by a platoon of our returned soldiers, 
aud received by the citizens of the town rising 
from their seats with uncovered heads, amid 
the tears and heartfelt emotions of all present 
After resting for a moment, the venerable 
patriot expressed a desire to shake hands with 
all the returned soldiers. 
Some thirteen soldiers then formed in line, 
when each one was introduced to the patriarch, 
aud took him by the hand, with the announce¬ 
ment of the time each had served iu the army. 
The last soldier introduced, a Mr. King, an 
Irishman, said he had served the country three 
years, aud had enlisted for three years more, 
aud if that was not long enough to subdue the 
rebellion, he was ready for another three years. 
Alter this, three hearty cheers were given for 
the returned soldiers, and three rousing cheers 
by the whole assembly for the “old soldier of 
the Revolution." 
CoL Edward Phillips, eldest son of the 
veucrable deacon, now in his 80th year, then 
made au impromptu speech to the soldiers, in 
the course of which he said that he was the 
oldest man In town who was born in town, and 
Vet, said he, my father is here, and “still lives.” 
The old gentleman was then presented with two 
sets of votes, one for Abraham Lincoln, and 
oue for George B. McClellan, and requested 
before all present to take his choice, wheu he 
reached out his hand, and iu an audible aud 
deep-toned bass voice, said, "I shall take the 
oue for Abraham Lincoln." 
The town then voted that the Chairman of 
the Selectmen present the ballot-box to the old 
gentleman, who took his ballot with both hands 
aud deposited it in the box. stating that he had 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
AN ANAGRAM. 
THE SWEDES IN MINNESOTA. 
Eli vs oi irage netn lal mierr.ci su 
Ew aym kameuor evils blsnmei, 
Nda taarpedi? avete hndeih su 
Otof-tnirps no het onass fo meti. 
Benton, Lake Co., Ill, 1864 Alice Mitchell. 
O*” Answer in two weeks. 
A lady correspondent at Cambridge, Minn., 
writing one of the editors of the Rural, gives 
some interesting facts concerning the Swedish 
population of that State, from which we make 
the following extract:—” The Swedes are prob¬ 
ably the be>t foreign settlers there are here 
Ttie Germans make good citizens, but there i- 
not the permanancy about them there is about 
the Swedes. When the Swedes settle in the 
country, they do it with the intention of making 
it their home for life. AU of the S wedes I have 
mei with in Minnesota are Baptists, and have, 
as a general rule, left Sweden on account of the 
religious intolerance exhibited by the State 
Church. There are many large settlements of 
this people in this part of the State. They are, 
as a general rule, a very intelligent people, and 
seem to appreciate the advantages which educa¬ 
tion bestows—the School House being one of the 
first buildings they erect in forming a settle¬ 
ment. They do not depend upon Americau 
manufactures for their dry goods, but manufac¬ 
ture their own. raising wool and flax in sufli- 
cient. quantities to supply them for their present 
use, and also tolay away torthe future. Theidea 
of buying dry goods seems almost an absurdity 
to them.” 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
PROBLEM. 
February had five Sundays in the year 1852, what 
will be the year in which it will again have five Sun¬ 
days? R. M. Wilsie. 
Metomen, Wis, 1864. 
tsr Answer in two weeks- 
ILLUSTRATED REBUS 
SOME INTERESTING PARAGRAPHS. 
Laying Telegraph Cables .—A new plan for 
laying telegraphic dibits nas been suggested. 
It is proposed to wind the cable on hage floating 
reels to bo towed by the steamer, &o that the 
lino will unroll as the steamer advances. The 
ail vantages to be derived from this plan are that 
tho cable can be coiled at once at the manu¬ 
factory on the reels; that the liability to break 
is much less; and that, iu case of stormy 
weather, the steamer will not be obliged to pro¬ 
ceed, but may simply detach itself from the 
cable aud watch the position of tho reels, re¬ 
suming its connection therewith upon the sub¬ 
sidence of the storm. 
Manufacturing Marble.-The Paris Mon it cur 
Scientijupu' announces a new method of prepar¬ 
ing marble artificially. It is stated to consist in 
simply heating lithographic limestone and chalk 
iua porcelain vessel closed to prevent the en¬ 
trance of atmospheric air. Some specimens thus 
produced are said to n semble Carrara marble. 
Printing without In '. .—An invention has just 
been patented in Pari-, by means of which 
printing can be well doue without the employ¬ 
ment of ink. The process consists in the intro- 
V K > ' 
V JUDGMENT 
THE FIRST NEWSPAPER 
Several contradictory statements have beeu 
made in regard to the commencement of journal¬ 
ism. The able and learned Agnes Strickland, in 
her life of Queen Elizabeth, says that the first 
genuine newspaper was “The English Mer¬ 
curic,” which was issued by the Government 
during the progress of tbe Spanish Armada, to 
prevent the circulation of false reports. This 
paper was printed by Christopher Barker, the 
Queen's printer, and the first number was dated 
J uly 23d, 1588. 
The “Invincible Armada” was fitted out by 
Philip IT., King of Spam, and wheu it entered 
toe English Channel., consisted of 150 ships. 
It was attacked by the English fleet of 80 skips, 
and the battle lasted sixteen days, resulting in 
the defeat of the Spanish fleet. A terrible storm 
completed the destruction of the Armada. 
nr Answer in two weeks. 
ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS, &c„ IN No. 776. 
Answer to Geographical Enigma:—Just as the twig 
is bent the live is IncLined. 
Answer to .lavrutns of Peaks - -Humboldt, Sknees- 
tnl iod, K'."i’sliew»k:»Vt, Dbawul.vai A Maldetta, Kun- 
cbinglnge, Tukhr-t-SoUman, Nile hurries. 
Answer to IIIlutrated Rebus:-Younc ladies adore 
the mirror, fancy extra diamonds in riinis, and watch 
the handsome beaux. 
