II 
m 
III. 28. 
Xi % 
[Written for Moore'n Rural New-Yorker,] 
FEMALE COLLEGE AT POUGHKEEPSIE. 
Matthew Vassab, Esq., of Poughkeepsie, has : 
asked the Legislature at Albany for a charter for a 
Female College. It is to bo situated on a beautiful . 
farm within a mile and a half of that city, lie has 
now plans and specifications for a building which is 
to cost near one hundred and eighty thousand dol¬ 
lars. He proposes to transfer to the Trustees of the 
Institution at least two hundred thousand dollars in 
addition for the endowment of the professorships, and 
the purchase, of Library, Cabinet, Ac., for the pur¬ 
poses of instruction. When this plan shall have 
been carried out, it gives to the purposes of female 
education one of the best endowments on this conti¬ 
nent, if not in the world, lie designs to pay salaries 
high enongh to command the best teachers in the 
country, and also all the educational facilities requi¬ 
site to carry the inst ruction to the highest practicable 
point. We congratulate our female readers on the 
prospective endowment of an institution of learning 
for their benefit, which shall secure to their sex all 
the advantage* given by the best endowed colleges in 
the land. Ladies have often complained that they 
had not the educational opportunities furnished to 
men. The design of this munificent endowment is 
to remove this reproach, and give to females an 
Opportunity to carry their studies to the highest 
point, under the ablest teachers, who shall be spe¬ 
cially devoted to individual branches of learning. 
Like Petek Cooper, Mr. Vassar proposes to 
become his own executor, and endow and establish 
this institution while he himself is alive and able to 
attend to the realization of his own views, llow 
much better to take this course than for him to hold 
on with a miserly grasp to his property fill his last 
breath, and put the labor and thought of carrying 
out his views upon executors after he could use Ills 
wealth no longer. Wo would commend this example 
to many whom we eonld name, who make slaves of 
themselves while living, in order that when dead it 
may be said of them by thankless heirs that they 
" out up well.” 
In our country the laws have wisely prohibited the 
entuilment of estates. By consequence, unless a man 
can bequeath to his children intelligence, moral 
worth, and business capacity enough to achieve a 
fortune for themselves, it is nearly impossible for 
him to secure to them for any length of time the 
property which he leaves. No economical maxim is 
truer than the common one, that it requires more 
business skill to keep property than to accumulate it. 
As a general rule, the skill and capacity to keep and 
manage a large estate, can only be secured by the 
labor, thought, and self-denial necessary to amass it. 
Hence the reason why wo see so few large estates 
which remain through three generations in one 
family. Looking over the family history of wealthy 
men, we find, in perhaps the majority of Instances, 
that large inherited wealth has been anything but a 
blessing. We cannot have an aristocracy of wealth 
among us, so long as We cannot entail property. So 
long as property is movable, it will go into the 
hands of those who have the most business capacity. 
The long and painful struggles of the poor hoy who 
depends on bis own energy and Coo's blessing for 
success in business, constitute the training of the 
men who are the real financial forces in our country. 
Let a man of wealth give his sons to understand that 
they will have from him no money at all, or at most 
only enough to give them a atari in business, and 
they will feel the necessity of getting education 
enough, and working hard enough, and being self- 
denying enough, to cope with the sons of the poor. 
Real manhood comes from real work, — work of the 
head, or the hands, or both. But few men or boys 
will work as hard as they can or ought to, without 
the stern impelling power of necessity. 
Who are our leaders in politics, in religion, in 
finance, in agriculture, in the mechanic arts? They 
Ore in general the sons of the comparatively poor. 
These leaders have become such, not because of their 
poverty in itself, but because their poverty compelled 
them to work. It is all nonsense to suppose that u 
poor man’s son has any advantage over the rich 
man’s, except in the necessity that is laid upon him 
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, MADE AT ROCHESTER, STATE OF NEW YORK. 
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER - ANNUAL ABSTRACT-F. D. FENNER, OBSERVER. 
Latitude 43°, 8', 17’. Longitude 75°, 51'. Height of Station above the Sea, five hundred and sixteen feet. 
1800. .ias 
Thormonieipr. Monthly Mean. 27.® 
Highest Decree.. 52 
Lowest Degreo. 2 
Range.. 
Barometer. 
Coldest day. 1 
.Monthly Mean. 29.39 
Highest Observation. 29.83 
Lowest Observation. 28.92 
Range. 91 
Win. is .North. 
North-East. 
blast. 
Smith- Rost. 
South . 
South-West. 
North-West . 
Jax. 
Fkb. 
March. 
Apru.. 
May. I 
Junk. | 
July. | 
Aug. 
Sept. 
0CT~I 
Nor. | 
DBC. I 
27.8 
26.4 
37.3 
45.4 
61.9 
66.7 
67.6 
70.4 I 
59.2 
50.7 
38.8 | 
26.1 
52 
55 
67 
70 
83 
86 
88 1 
92 
82 
TO 
71 _ 
39 
2 
—3 
17 
24 
42 
51 
A3 
54 
38 
36 
J 5 _1 
4 
50 
58 
50 
46 
41 
35 | 
32 | 
38 
44 
34 
56 
36 
23 
27 
31 
30 
7 
28 
•20 
6 
3 
31 
1 1 
10 
1 
3 
13 
2 
20 | 
28 , | 
28 
29 
27 
25 
15 
29.39 
29.33 
29.167 
29.242 
29.205 
29.156 | 
29.175 | 
29.185 
29.30 
29.62 
29.208 
29.381 
29.83 
29.87 
29.03 
29.87 
29.47 
29.48 
29.40 
29.49 
29.73 
29.68 
29.59 
29.88 
28.92 
28.70 
28.76 
28.68 
28.82 
28.69 
28.86 
28.95 
28.91 
28.81 
28.67 
28,69 
.9. 
.17 
.87 
1.19 
.65 
.79 
.54 
.54 
.S2 
.77 
.92 
1.19 
054 
r-s 
o 
is 
os 
IS 
«s 
7', 
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is 
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4 
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3S 
1 
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5S 
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11-, 
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2 
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5 
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2S 
4 
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5S 
8 S' 
11S 
0 
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6S 
5 
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♦S 
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8 
7 
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0 
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8 
10'k 
0 
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us 
1 
0 
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3S 
lis 
0 
1 
OS 
is 
2 
5S 
10 
9H 
1 
is 
IS 
is 
£ 
10 
u 
31 
29 
31 
30 
31 
30 
31 
31 
38 
31 
30 
31 
s w 
s W I 
N W 
N W 
N W 
N W 
N W 
w 
N W 
N W 
w . 
N \V 
2S 
5’Sl 
10 S 
0S 
<T 
7H 
8.S 
•VS 
9".s 
IS 
10 
1 3S 
281, 
23 S 
20 S 
23 S 
22 
22 S 
22H 
25 H 
20 S 
26S 
20 
1 27S 
31 
29 
31 
80 
31 
30 
31 
31 
.VI 
:<i 
30 
31 
8 
8 
« 
9 
8 
9 
9 
9 
8 
17 
10 
4 
8 
II 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
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io 
8 
6 
3 
0 
0 
0 
1 0 
1 0 
0 
“J 
i » 
, 1.088 
1.384 
1.643 
1.79 
Ml 
2.382 
4.498 
2.499 
3.522 
4.714 
3.317 
1.532 
Annum, 
i m< >< >. 
48.19 
95 
6th Auguat. 
3d February. 
KHUI.T8. 
1 8f>!». 
48.33 
94 
. -7 
' 101 
11th July. 
10 th January. 
Weather.Fair days . 2« I SKI i WS I •>* L 9 1 ‘ - 1 
Cloudy day*. 28H | 23X | 2UH I 28H I 2 2 I_22341 23* 
Total of each Month. 31 J 29 | 31 I 30 | 31 I 30 I 11 
Bain . o i 3_j S I 9 j 8_I ? 
K.vin and Snow - -. 3 I 11 I " 1 - * ? 1 ? ' * 
Snow. JO I 8 | 6 | 3 | l) 0 I 0 
Am ount of water In Inches . U'*« i 1 [5* ' 1 •• I ! 
Observations made at 7 A. M., 2 P. M., and 9 I*. M. f. d. f. 
Remarks. — The mean heat for 19 years ending with I860, is 46.79 degrees, and f 
17.05 as derived from the observations made here for the Regents of the University. t 
46 »2 degrees. In only six Decembers in 24 years, viz., of 1830, 1851, 1854, 1856, 1859, 
annually is, for 24 years, ending with I860, 31.98 inches, and for 17 years previous 
Agricultural products very abundant; health very high. — 0. Dewey. 
PARAGUAY TEA. 
It may be that some of onr readers have never 
heard of the celebrated Paraguay or Jesuit's Tea. 
An herb which is an article of trade in Paraguay to 
such an extent that its preparation and exportation 
give profitable labor to whole provinces, is worthy of 
attention. The botanical name of this plant is Ilex 
Paraguayensis. The leaf, as prepared, is called 
yerba mat6, and it is used to such an extent that 
it may bo called the national bevorago of South 
America. 
The single town of Parauagua, containing about 
three thousand inhabitants, exports 
I near a million dollars’ worth of the 
mat6 every year. It has a somewhat 
bitter taste and a slightly aromatic 
odor wlicn steeped, and one can easily 
detect in it the peculiar chemical ele¬ 
ment which gives the exhilarating 
effect to the tea of China. Its use was 
learned from the Indians. A person 
who lias once acquired the habit of 
using it, finds it difficult to lay it aside. 
When drank to excess, it produces an 
effect on the system similar to that 
resulting from the excessive use of 
coffee, tobacco, or spirituous liquors. 
I It is often taken us a remedy or pallia¬ 
tive, in sea-sickness. The laborers in 
the mines, and the native oarsmen on 
the rivers, use It as the most desirable 
refreshment after a hard day’s labor. 
with success, even though they ciyuld excel? Cer¬ 
tainly not. They are wanting in principle, they fail 
in firmness and decision of character, they cuie not 
to stand np for the right, but heedlessly adopt the 
wrong. 
Is not this effect produced by the same cause 
among us teachers? Look now at, tlm toucher who 
hesitates in the path of duty,—whose brow with 
than Lazarus—that a member thereof may ascend 
into a higher sphere, from which he may look down 
upon ids benefactors with derision and scorn! 
Now, it may lie better that some few individuals 
the species of the genus Crocus. it^Jis a solid, 
uncrystallizable body, of" a beautiful golden yellow 
color, which is neither altered by acids nor alkalies; 
it is soluble ill water and alcohol, but insoluble in 
many cares grows fretted, and who is upon the point education. It strikes me it would be wiser and more 
, ,r , i,,i:it.in «/ some rule of right. As a well-read book, just to afford them all equal advantages, and .1 one 
should be thoroughly educated than that all should other; it produces, with some metallic oxyds, beauti- 
retmtin in mental darkness; but 1 don’t understand ful lake colors; and can be fixed upon fabrics, where 
wliy live children should be suffered to grow up in its tinctorial power is remarkable, 
ignorance, in order that the sixth may have a finished FjJhol, In a memoir read before the Academy 
education. It strikes me it would ho wiser and more 0 p H 0 j en ces, gives some valuable hints on the preser- 
just to afford them all equal advantages, and if one va [j on „r ['rash llowers. We may preserve many 
of them happens to bo ambitious of knowing more flowers for a longtime in a frosli state by Inclosing 
BRAIN DIFFICULTIES. 
,, r violating some rule of right. As a well-read book, just to afford them all equal advantages, ana « one 
so the children read his countenance, every ges- of thorn happens to bo ambitious ol knowing more 
lure every word, every look, are carefully watched, than the rest, let him go to work upon Aw own 
and woe bo to that man who hath not his members account and rely upon his own exertions for the 
in subjection. Need wo then nsk, are firmness of accomplishment of that result. H. Itrockway. 
pi,, and declstou of character ludl pwumbfe - - 
qualifications of the teacher? Try well, <>h, Teacher, ^ t* Of $»<* 
the gilts Uon has given thee, - ascertain whether or Vyl-Iiy* MWUivlHlvy w)v<v 
not thou art lacking here, for lie who attempts to __ — 
teach without these, leans upon a broken staff, which J mtiwiirT mrr , u 
shall deceive him in the hour of trouble, —which BRAIN DH IIGULUL . 
“* h,ud ’ ** 4 ' ,0 10 * K "‘ rC ° it to the opinion of ^Tminont phjnicinn. tknl 
But mark do not imagine that when we talk of the present century has witnessed a very large in 
lirmn. ^ wo mean obstinacy, - tar be it from ns to crease of brain disorders, and that this Increase hie 
recommend such a trait/ The obstinate person taken place in an aceelerated ratio us the stra.n upor 
sticks to his theory, or favorite idea, in face of right the commercial and lWhllc lile of the people has be 
and wrong, even when he knows lie }a wrong, still come greater. The intense competition which a- 
clin.m to it with the tenacity of a parasite. How present exists among all tho liberal prolcssions tin 
foolish, bow detestable such a mind. Nor would we cxmtcm nt accompanying ... Lrge monetary Irons 
L understood to recommend that humility which actions which distinguished the present, .lay, 
eauses its possessor to be trampled upon and under- gambling nature of many ol its operations, and tin 
mted by his pupils,-this, indeed, is not humility, hut oxirtana tension to which all classes of the commu 
unworthy self-abasement, which we confess to be as nlty are subjected in the unceasing struggle io 
uuwormy .m position and even life, has resulted m a corobra 
dangeious as i s i x inn .... excitement under which the finely organized brail 
Choose, then, a happy mean, - a mean which is )mt tQ0 Kivefl way . 
neither found in stern obstinacy, nor m weak Immil- ^ , }rl hftm j lv the United States, give 
ity, but which lies in that firmness which lays its ft ^ ^ loraMe iW . fioUnf( (J f the increase of th 
hands upon both. To speak in plainer words, let us Cfir(jbral (li8or(lcrs itl j,j. s 0 wn country, in which h 
remark, 1st, Have few rules, but have (Am well t , m( in(5anity um i other brain diseases ar 
observed; 2d, Never uphold a rule which you know thre0 tfmeH (W pi . cva | ent aH in England. This stab 
to he wrong in its principle; 3d, Never give up a mont w ould seem to confirm the notion that go-t 
good rule simply because your pupils so desire. heailtmn—if we may bo allowed the term, — i 
Racine, Wis., 1861. A. J. W. ... „ mental fabric to its breaking poiti 
L ■: 
It is the opinion of many eminent physicians that 
the present century has witnessed a very large in¬ 
crease of brain disorders, and that, this Increase lias 
taken place in an accelerated ratio as the strain upon 
the commercial and public life of the people has bo- 
coma greater. The intense competition which at, 
present exists among all the liberal pretensions, the ” 
excitement accompanying th. large monetary trims- *>i 
actions which ’ distinguished the present day, the d 
gambling nature of many of its operations, and the 11 
extreme tension to which all classes of the commu- 
uity are subjected in tlm unceasing struggle for •' 
position and even life, inis resulted ill ft cerebral ^ 
excitement under which the finely organized bruin ^ 
but too often gl ves way. 1 
Dr. Brigham of Boston, in the United States, gives l: 
a most deplorable account of the increase ol the t 
cerebral disorders in his own country, in which ho 11 
asserts that insanity and other brain diseases are 
three times as prevalent ns in England. I his state- I 
raent would seem to confirm the notion that go-a- !l 
them in sealed lubes. At the end of some days all 
the oxygen of the air confined in the tubes will have 
disappeared, and will have become replaced by 
carbonic acid. If we introduce into the tubes a little 
quicklime, it removes from the flowers some of their 
humidity, whirh facilitates their preservation. Lime 
also takes up the carbonic acid, and the flower thus 
becomes placed In pure nitrogen. All flowers are not 
preserved alike by this process; yellow (lowers are 
those which are altered the least. 
HOW THE WORLD IS GOVERNED. 
There arc about one hundred separately organized 
governments in the world at the present lime. Nearly 
one-half are monarchies in Europe; and of these a 
large proportion are petty Principalities and Duke 
doms, Containing altogether about six millions of 
inhabitants. Of the governments of Europe, Orent 
J Among the higher and middle classes 
It is equally popular as a beverage, and 
is used on all social occasions. 
It is prepared from the leaves and 
small stems of the shrub, or tree, which 
grown wild, and has never been suc¬ 
cessfully domesticated. The leaves are kilu-dried, 
and afterward pounded nearly to powder, in a soit of 
mortar, by water power. It is exported, in bundles 
of about one hundred and twenty pounds’ weight, 
which are packed In raw hides. It, Is prepared for 
use much the same as common tea. A small quan¬ 
tity is put in an ornamented gourd shell (the Clip in 
common use,) with or without sugar. Upon this hot 
water is poured. The mat6 is imbibed through a 
silver tube as wo take juleps.* The lower end of this 
tube is enlarged Into a globular or semi-globular 
form, (as in the specimen engraved above,) which is 
perforated with small holes to prevent the powdered 
leaf from passing into the mouth. This tube is 
called the bttmbilha, and with the cup, (an engraving 
inhabitants. Of the governments ot Europe, (.rent ^ whi( . h W(J al ,, (( givCf) i8 paH «od from hand to hand 
Britain is a limited monarchy; France is nominally ^ tho ls untll cac [, hint partaken of a cup in 
constitutional, but, in reality, an absolute monarchy; 
Russia and Austria are absolute. Prussia, Spain, and 
Sardinia arc limited, with two Chambers of Deputies. 
There are only four lie publics in Europe -Switzer¬ 
land, Sim Marino, Montenegro, and Aneoru. The 
three latter contain an aggregate population of not 
over 120,000 people. Switzerland, secure in her 
mountain fastnesses, is now, by common consent, 
left unmolested. The governments of Asia arc all 
absolute despotisms. Thibet has the name of being 
A. J. W. 
EDUCATION IN LOWER CANADA. 
mail’s, except in the necessity that is laid upon him From the Report of the Superintendent oj Educa - 0 f latont mental exhaustion going On, which modi- 
to work. The poor boy knows that lie must work or for Lover Canada, for the year 1859, we learn that t)(( collnt 0 f, jt j„ a matter of general 
starve. The boy who knows that he can live on the the general results of the year have been satisfactory. 0 ] )S( , r vfttl0n that the children of men of Intellectual 
accumulations of his father, feels the absence of tho The Normal Schools have had increased success; 219 emin(mc0 ort( ,„ |, 0HHegg feeble, if not diseased brains, 
most powerful stimulus that can affect a human students were trained in them, and 196 diplomas y |( , g | ra p] e roa80U (j, a t tho parents have unduly 
being. If lie is ambitious, he thinks that his wealth have been granted. Connected with these imitations f . x „ rc i He( i that organ. What applies to individuals, 
will command him social position, and very likely arc three Model Schools, witli 669 pupils. I lie j„ tt certain modified degree applies to the race. A 
headism-if we may bo allowed the term,-is a hierarchy, but difiers ,» no pracUca sense from a 
straining the mental fabric to its breaking point, despotism. In Africa, the 1 urbury Kates, and all lie 
And we must remember that the mischief must not various negro tribes, of whatever name, are ruled 
be gauged merely by tho number of those who fall despotically, except Liberia, winch is republican, 
by the wayside; there must be an enormous amount and may be the opening wedge of Civilization on 
There is a somewhat similar shrub indiginous to 
North Carolina, which Rev. Mr. Fletcher considers 
identical with the Paraguay tea. But good botanical 
authorities consider the shrubs tu belong to different 
species. Tlm leaves of tho North Carolina plant arc 
also used as a substitute for tea, and ship masters, wo 
arc told, carry it to sea for the use of seamen, esteem¬ 
ing it a. healthy beverage. A friend has left a small 
package of the mate at our office, but from our own 
experiments in drinking it we are by no means pre¬ 
pared to recommend it as it substitute lor tea or 
starve. The boy who knows that he can live on the the general results of the year have been satisfactory, 
accumulations of his father, feels the absence of tho The Normal Schools have had increased success; 219 
most powerful stimulus that can affect a human students were trained in them, and 196 diplomas 
being. It lie is ambitious, he thinks that his wealth have been granted. Connected with these instutions 
will command him social position, and very likely are throe Model Schools, with 669 pupils. 'I lie 
enable him to get office by bribery without deserving whole amount expended for Normal and Model 
exercised that organ. What applies to individuals, Sandwich and Society Islands arc limited monarchies, 
in a certain modified degree applies to tho race. A and tho other islands in the Southern and t’uoifle 
generation that overtasks its brains is but too likely oceans belong mostly to the different European 
despotically, except Liberia, wnicn is rcpuiuium, _ since the above was written, a scientific physi- 
uml may be tho opening wedge of civilization on ^ ^ whom we fiavo g „ me of the tea, lias furnished 
that continent. u8 tbe following report of its effects upon himself: 
Tho great islands in the Southern and Pacific () ^ w#1({ , ling) j roun ,i th.. quantity of Yerba Mute given to 
oceans are mostly independent and despotic —such )i|(i ul thu lu . lfAI , 0 moe, to be nearly on« ounce, or this I 
is Japan with a population of twenty millions, and a decoction by boiling In water, and drunk ono-balf of 
Madagascar, containing about five millions. The )t . [ n thirty minutes afterwards, t took the other half. The 
it. Why should he put his very life Wood into work? Schools within tho year, lias been $36,810, of which ^ h( , Kllcooe( j e( i by u * y cond still more enfeebled in Powers, and are ruled according to their respective , tr) , u , h with exaggeration of all sounds, any 
Only a few are so happily constituted that hard labor sum $9,431 proceeded from the fees paid by the | t8 n i enta i organization, and this exhaustive process forms of government. Outlie American continent, / r(Un / ry bc i„’ gj i »hould judge, apparently doubled in 
is to them a normal condition. The great body of pupils. The expense of tlm two teachers’journals , increasing if thc^social causes producing there is but one monarchiul government; that of lnl( . H / ily Nonn of these nffects were to the extent of 
effect on tho system was not unlike strong green tea in 
some particular*, while in others it was somewhat different. 
Those I should call unusual were a fullness about the bead 
and cars, tho drums of th« cars having the sensation of being 
|iut on tho stretch, with exaggeration of all sounds, any 
ordinary sound being, ! should judge, apparently doubled in 
men work because compelled. Poverty Is a rough 
nurse, but she rears heroes. 
Let rich men give their sons to understand that 
work will be a necessity for them, and they do the 
have exceeded the receipts by $839; but twice that ^ continue in operation. Brazil, which is, however, liberally constitutional, 
snin is due for subscriptions. \y c have some means of measuring the magnitude In the tlireo great geographical divisions of America, 
The most formidable obstacle to the gradual f)( , ovll w ] lcry ft [ )80 J a te lunacy is concerned, inus- there are now eighteen separate Republics. The 
increase or teachers’ salaries, and therefore to the mu(;I( ftjJ we 1)03fleag official returns to deal with, British Possessions in North America exceed tho 
improvement of their material and social condition, w j,i c |, gauge its rate of increase or decrease with United States, in territorial extent, and they enjoy a 
la acknowledged by all to be the preference given, in p re ^ y tolerable accuracy; but we have no such large amount of political freedom, 
many places, to teachers, both male and female, who t||| . a||S of ascertaining tho nature of the increase Of +. ♦ 
hold no diploma, and, therefore, put up with small th loss grave disorders of the bruin which do CALCULATING THE YEAR 
salaries. Cases have occurred, especially in poor or n(>t (|ring the \, ationt Hnder the cognizance of the MODE OF CALCULATING THE YLAR. 
remote localities, where teachers have been chosen , aw , f W0 coulJ take count of the number of able Tn| , Ghal(Jean9 and the Egyptians dated their years 
without regard to their ability, and solely with an mou wh0( at the V)iry height of their efficiency and t , alllmillllll ( „ luiHOX / The ecclesiastical year 
best thing to secure for them a manly and forcible improvement of their material and social condition, w j,' ic ;j gauge its rate of Increase or decrease with 
character, and by consequence an honorable place l» acknowledged by all to be the preference given, in w tolerable accuracy; but wo have no such 
among their fellow men. Let them put their daugh- man y places, to teachers, both male and female, who mt! . l||S of ascertaining the nature of tho increase of 
tors in a similar position, and they will secure them hold no diploma, and, therefore, put up with small tho8e n<> lo8S grftvo disorders of the brain which do 
against those direst foes to female happiness— salaries. Cases have occurred, especially in poor or n „t t, r j n g the patient under tho cognizance of the 
professional fortune hunters. No man of wealth can remote localities, where teachers have been chosen lftW Jf we coul( ] t . 4k( . count of tbe number of able 
secure these results for his children but by seeking without regard to their ability, and solely with an m(m wh0) ftt t j l0 vury height of their efficiency and 
out some worthy object of charity and devoting a cy „ to the lowness of the salary. I (| tho vory plenitude of their power, are struck with 
good portion of his property to it while he is healthy The number of Common Schools was 3,199; that i n- im 0u9 cere bral disease, such us softening of tho 
in body and mind. of pupils, 168,148; the contributions amounted to hraio, and dropt out of life as gradually and as noise- 
We have been led into these remarks by the notice $498,436. There were 5()9 students in universities |,. gs |y ils the leaf slowly tinges, withers, and then 
of Mr. V ass a it’s proposed Institution. Wc hope an and superior schools; 2,750 in classical colleges; to tins ground; if medicine had any system of March, and that of Nunia in January. The Brahmins 
example so excellent ruuy be followed by many. 1,962 in industrial colleges; 6,568 in mixed colleges; gtatistics which could present us with a measure of be gj n year j n February, when the leaves begin to 
There arc not a dozen Institutions of learning or 14,278 iu academies lor girls. the amount of paralysis that comes under its obscr- green. Their year consists of eighteen months, 
charity in the country which are adequately endowed. Teachers’ salaries: —97 males received less than vu tron, «*r of the apoplectic seizures which so sud- b . ivlni , tweuty days each; the lust days are spent 
Objects large enough and good enough to fill their $100 per year; 487 irom $100 to $299; ,41 from $290 deuly blot out life,—we should doubtless be astonished 
heads and hearts are pressing themselves on the to $399; 61 from S-100 and upwards. 1,000 females lbc vcry ] lir ge increase which has of late yours 
attention of the wealthy on every side. received less than $100; 1,922 from $loo to $199; 196 taken place in affections of the brain.— Edinburgh 
_♦ . ♦ _ from $200 to $399; and only one female teacher 
[Written for Moore’s Rural Neiv-Yorker.] received $400. in many municipalities, teachers are * * ^' * 
FIRMNESS AND DECISION provided, iu addition, with lodging and firing. COLORING MATTER OF FLOWERS. 
MODE OF CALCULATING THE YEAR. 
The Chaldeans and the Egyptians dated their years 
from the autumnal equinox. The ecclesiastical year 
unpfeaiuuilnaBS, ami soon passed off These latter symptom* 
may li»v<* Ueuu QCQaoiomsl by thu unusual quantity taken. 
Knowing l required live times the dosu of nearly everything 
to produce th" same effect that, is produced in most others by 
smaller quantities, was the reason of my taking the whole 
ounce, but I would uot recommend the taking of more than 
one quarter that amount by others. In taste, it is not unlike 
a very poor quality of green ten, and has the same astrlngenoy. 
• reading proof we wish to amend this remark. Of unjinny 
ve do mil take juleps, hut allude tu the auxins wirranth or 
those who imbibe such things. As W- hope most 
readers are innocent us to Juleps, we will add that they an 
taken (by three loud of spin In,) to A pr'»;i Mmllur to Chat of 
imbibing cider with a straw.—Kn. Ik N. A 
iu tho very plenitude of their power, are struck with ^ t j ic JcW8 [ n ,j, au in foe spring; hut In civil affairs 
insidious cerebral disease, such us BoftCtiing of the uso the Egyptian year. The ancient Chinese 
brain, and dropt out of life as gradually and as noise- reckon0 ,| tho now moon nearest the middle 
lessly us the leaf slowly tinges, withers, and then ^quariUB. The year of Romulus commenced in 
[Written for Monro’s Rural N’uw-Yorkor.J 
FIRMNESS AND DECISION. 
Review. 
COLORING MATTER OF FLOWERS. 
Is firmness a quality indispensable to the teacher? 
Before we answer this question fully, let us look 
around us and see what effect this trait of character, 
or its opposite, has upon others. 
In the common walks of life we behold the mer¬ 
chant, the mechanic, the professional man, busily 
engaged in their different pursuits, prosecuting with 
vigor, energy and enterprise their daily avocations. 
Yet even among these wo observe that some excel 
EDUCATE ALL. 
Some interesting researches on vegetable coloring 
matters have lately been concluded by M. Eilhol, of 
having twenty days each; the lust days arc spent 
in mirth, and no business is suffered to be done, nor 
any service in the temples. Tin: Ahyssinians had live 
idle days at the end of every year, which commenced 
on the 26th of August. The American Indiana reckon 
from the first appearance of the new moon at the ver¬ 
nal equinox. The Mohammedans begin their year 
the minute the sun enters Aries. 
The Venetian*, Florentines and the Risuns, in Italy, 
THE HARMONY OF LIFE. 
The life of a family has been beautifully compared 
by Home one to a full orchestra, each member of 
which performs a separate part. The bass instru¬ 
ments, calm and deliberate, like the grand-parents, 
keep the time and remind tho rest of their duties. 
Tho little warbling Mutes, like a nest-full of children, 
breathe to the sun their ceaseless songs of uncon¬ 
scious joy. The violins and the tenors, fatheis and 
mothers in the family, sing also,— but they know 
what life is, and know the reason of their joyfulaes* 
or their sadness. The sighs of the horns and haut¬ 
boys resemble the poetic aspirations of youthful 
hearts in love with an ideal — hearts that have us yet 
Most people do riot, as it appears to me, duly 
appreciate the importance of a general diffusion of ---- - -- - * - - ...... - , ,i 
knowledge. It U deemed essential that a few should qualities:- it Is a clear yellow solid, soluble In the .lay on which the troops were reviewed, which 
be well educated; and accordingly hero and there a water, alcohol and ether, and furnishes very beautiful was tlm first day ot March, finder the ( abmngians, 
boy is selected to pursue a course of academical and lake colors with metallic oxyds, and can be used for it began on Christmas Day; and under the Capets, on 
collegiate studies with the view of having him go painting and dyeing fabrics of a bright and very Easter Day. The ecclesiastical year begins on the 
into some one of the professions. His parents, and durable yellow. It has been mimed xanthogene. first Sunday in Advent. Charles IX appointed, in 
brothers, and sisters, work harder and fare poorer The colors of red and blue llowers are found to be 1564, that the civil juir s ion < < ommeni.i. on a s 
that this favored boy may have a "liberal educa- due to a similar proximate principle, which will be of January. The Julian Calendar, which was so 
tion.” They even deprive themselves of many of tho blue in llowers with ft neutral juice, and red or rose called from Julius Uicsar, was termed by ope *reg- 
comforts of life -deprive themselves of intellectual colored in those where the juice Is acid. The name ory, iu 1752, which plan was suggested by Lewis 
food and nourishment-starve their bodies and of this coloring matter is cyanine, a solid uncrystal- ] Lilio, a Calabrian astronomer, fhc Dutch and the 
He has extra* 
(311 UUjltJl uiirii uj 4 Ui i uuwij »/• • ■ --» --- v- , , .... 
:ted the coloring matter from began the year at the vernal equinox; the French tasted none of the prosaic, disenchanting real iti 
white flowers, and finds it to possess the following year, during the reign of the Merovingian race, on 
and become noted for their business capacities, while | brothe 
others remain in comparative obscurity. 
But, is thu cause less apparent than the effect? 
Behold the merchant who habitually cheats and 
deceives his customers, — is it a wonder to you 
that he meets with ill success in life? The farmer 
who makee believe at farming,—only does it by 
halves, — the carpenter who slights his work to save 
time,—the doctor who deceives his patient, although 
that this 
biiue,—tuw uutiui nuo ucwnw u.n [mutiH, aituuuiju i mat vauuuv uC disposed ... ... ............ — , —--, ^ | , 
almost at the point of death,—should these meet ‘ intellectual paupers —more ragged and wretched body, named crocoxauthine, is also met with in a whic our year commeneu m m 
■oops were reviewed, which Let every one perform his own part in the right 
h. Under tho Caluvingians, time, and we shall have a perfect whole solemn or 
iy; and under the Capets, on gay, graceful or majestic, a triumphal march ot a 
lastical year begins on the symphony In do — according us the great Master 
Charles IX appointed, in above has written the fnusic. But if the pai to clash, 
diould commence on the 1st if the bass, departing from its appropriate gravity 
n Calendar, which was so and dignity, becomes frivolous or trilling, if the 
■, was formed by Pope Greg- tenors, instead of being consistent and gentle, 
an was suggested by Lewis become careless or harsh - it the violins take the 
itomer. The Dutch and the part of the horns, and the trombones that of the 
introduced the new style in hautboys then the harmony is destroyed, and tlm 
y reckoned from the 25tii of spirit lost. Instead of a soft and melodious sym- 
wae observed in Britain until phony, whose sweetness charms even in sadness, we 
new style, A. I). 1752; after have a nameless jarring noise, full of uugoverned 
;ed on the first of January. movements and aimless sounds. 
