„ . . . • „ hf ninth to their feathers. I Feeding Cokx and Cob Meal.— In the fall of 18. r >7 I fed an 
a fine, refreshing rain, which gave new h e to our in w a < r, r , , gently from ox ou corn an ” Coh mPal lo fatten - When killed, his paunch 
withering crops, and fresh vigot to the fanner. » all toulhe taKen g y contained a may two-thirds filling it, entirely composed of 
Our corn crop averaged about seventy bushels to the nest, when beginning to set, p acct ir J * the hard, flinty shell which envelops the end of the kernel 
the acre excluding those farmers who plant their hie coop on the ground, under cover, we c -*m R „,j i^ft on the* cob in shelling. This was so hard that it 
„„ noddle of June drop from six to watered, and in two or three days, at most, let out. could not he broken with the pole of an a*. It. remained un¬ 
corn ltt)OUl me III I hums «>• * .. ._ u _The .. . .. . . . _ • . .... _ mi.. _ * 
year, to recive the ameliorating influence of the 
atmosphere, and also allow such manure as is applied 
to become thoroughly incorporated with the soil. 
In deepening the soil it will be found most advan¬ 
tageous to have the operation performed in autumn, 
that the new soil turned up may be ameliorated by 
the frost before growing a crop upon it. 
Of course, this system is not intended to take the 
place of sub-soiling, as understood in England; but 
even where the sub-soil plow is used, it will be found 
eight grains in each hill, plant even without first 
plowing the land, and after planting, perhaps run 
the cultivator through once, and then leave Mature 
to do the rest. The result of this kind of farm¬ 
ing is a crop of weeds Instead of a crop of corn, 
advantageous to vary the depth of the after plowing and the ruin of the land lor another p. 
advantageous w «ry t aorry to say we have too many such farmers in 
to suit each .nd.viduftl cr P* • Corn land should be plowed well, about 
Hamilton, C. W., 1861. tu \ . ... mil ,ml if 
watered, and in two or three days, at most, let out. c«al<l not ho broken with the pole of an ax. It remained un- 
liens one or two years old are most profitable. The dissolved by frost or rain till late in 'be spring. The next 
hen-house must be kept clean, —whitewashed two or ,-car I f»d a cow with the same result, only the mass was not 
three times during summer. I make, yearly, by more than half so large. Two horwia la this vicinity died, 
throwing in muck and loam, from lime to time, from and an examination showed the same collection of indigest- 
inrcw inf, in miica <*uu > mQ „, lrD ible matter, but it was not hard or caked as intlie otbercases. 
four to six horaa-cart loads of superior manure, w men , , , , 
lour w iiuuwuim ' . Cob meal mar be good for stock, like the roan s sawdust, and 
I have found most valuable for starting corn in the ^ wit)| him t hat t-be more grain and the less cob the 
spring. I place one or two handfuls in the furrow, j t(0 ^ P< — y y_ Conger, Lexington, Rich. r«,., Ohio. 1861. 
brush over a little dirt with the foot — drop corn on Subscriber wishes Rural readers to giro their views as to 
SUGAR FROM SORGHUM-HOW MADE. 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker. — Since the publication 
of ray article on Sorghum in your issue of Dec. 1st, 
1 have received a host of letters, — nil from “ Rural 
Readers,” — inquiring how 1 made Sugar. These let¬ 
ters testify that the Ruicai. is rend from New Jersey 
to the extreme limit of Western Kansas, and also 
proclaim that fiorghum is not dead east of the Mis¬ 
sissippi, the exulting assertion of your would-be 
prophet correspondent in the Rural of Nov., 1HC0, to 
the contrary, notwithstanding. The following are 
among the questions proposed: What did your Evap- pays the best. ... . . 
orator cost? What is its size and weight? Dow Considerable attention is being paid to the raising 
much sirup or sugar will it make in a day? What of Sorghum. Farmers say that it makes a superior 
will an acre of cane produce of molasses, or sugar? article of molasses. If the raising of Sorghum con- 
When is the best time to plant the cane, and how tinucsto progress, Iowa will soon be able to lurnish 
do you cultivate it? Is the Imphee better than herself with molasses, independent of disunionists. 
Sorghum? &c. Manuring is much neglected here. Some think 
I answer, Fir.it —My Evaporator cost sixty fire dol- that to manure land is useless, especially the rich, 
lars at Laporte, Ind., and fifteen dollars freight. It black soil of Iowa; consequently they' burn their 
is six feet in diameter, —the rim six inches high, - straw, instead of keeping It to make manure. With- 
tbe bottom flat, one-half inch thick, and weighs one out manure on some of our old farmB in the East, 
thonsand pounds. It is a circular, cast iron pan, farming would Boon prove ft bad business, and manure 
with a division through the center,—making two on our rich land does really invigorate the soil, 
semi-circular pans, each holding fifty gallons. It is giving the farmer encouragement when the crop is 
supported on an iron post in the center of the straight ripe, and his hard labor thus rewarded. 
tlir; fall, and if top, and cover with broad hill. C. W. Turner. 
$urai Spirit of flu 
wall of the brick furnace,—the size and shape of one 
of the semi-circular pans, the. whole rotating hori¬ 
zontally, so that only one pan at a time is over the 
furnace, or fire. Fora fuller description address A. 
II. Miller, Laporte, Ind., and get a circular free, 
which will fully explain the invention. 
Second —This Evaporator reduces 50 gallons of 
juice into molasses per hour, - or GOO gallons per 
day,—making from 12 to It; gallons of molasses per 
hour — depending on the ripeness and purity of the 
cane. My best yield was 5 gallons of molasses from 
20 of juice, —the worst was 0 from 40 of juice. Ripe 
cane gives a larger yield of sirup than green, and 
black seed cane more and better than partly red 
seed, — which is a mixture of broom corn. 
Third — An acre of cane will produce from 100 to 
320 gallons of molasses, — this is my own estimate, 
from four years’ experience in cultivating sorghum. 
A good average yield to me is 200 gallons per acre, 
and one gallon of sirup yields ten pounds of dry 
sugar. 
Fourth — The best time to plant the cane is when 
you would plant corn, — the earlier the better, to 
ensure perfection. My cane I planted last season on 
' ... " ,. ln( . nliould be plowed well, about brush over a little dirt with the foot —drop corn on Subscriber wishes Rural readers to give their views as to 
the A est. - . feU d jf topi un( j cover with broad hill. C. W. Turner. the heat way to foci com ground,-with or without the cob 
eight or ten inches deep, y ’ _ _ a t _After trying both ways, I believe the cob to 1 >p injurious to all 
possible before the weeds get ripe, (we ave oo ~ . . , ( -yv . ... kinds of animal, as it is entirely indigestible (except for 
many weeds in our crops, even when doing the best ilUfUl ^JUfU 01 luv 1*3.5, fowls, such as Inrkeys. Ac.,) consequently causing symptoms 
we can to prevent them,) then harrowed well in the - of irritation of the bowels, thereby carrying off the real nu- 
Bpring and it is ready to he u furrowed out ” into Homes’ Feet Uniting with Snow. trition* qualities of the corn to some extent After feeding 
rows four feet apart, which, being crossed, is ready A correspondent of the Spirit of the Twines one hundred bushels <4 corn and cob meal,! have decided 
V , ^<1 xo ’ uore tlian f 0 ur grains should be asks how to prevent snow balling in a horse’s foot— that the only real argument in favor or this method is,-it 
T lanted in each hill Corn should be plowed three and the editor responds:—Soft Soap made with wood saves shelling the corn. I much prefer to shell the corn and 
a.. 
until it begins to tasslc, andmoreif the land is weedy, of horns’feet, which causes them immediately to cast sbort6bef0ie r ^ in ,.._ G . A djlltnoham, Lisbon, AC. 1', 1881. 
The practice of hoeing corn I consider useless, as the snow therefrom. Let this be done just prepara- 
' XV throws up enough of ground tg the corn, tory to sleighing. Bach time that the horses may be Foot-bot in Sunn-Anothcr Remedy.-In the Rural New 
the plow tlliows 1 b h . „ Aoir>a nlcinh-ride it will he neces- Youkkr of January 5, a subscriber wants to know what will 
The corn crop is the surest in Iowa, and undoubtedly sbedded daring s day s sleigh nde, it wdl be ueces r ^ „ I 
o.,yv in renew the application ol the soft soap, as l,u " * 5 . , , . .. ,, 
pays the best. 8ar J to renew II bavo tested it myself, and I never had to uao it mof" than 
Considerable attention is being paid to the raising tbeir standing on varm stulde compost does away one application being sufficient either for the Fouls In 
of Sorghum. Farmers say that it makes a superior with its efficacy. __ _ hornedcaith- nr Foot Rot In sheep. Takeoae-and-ahalf gills 
article of molasses. If the raising of Sorghum con- T|)||rt Corn- o! vinegar, 2 o*. verdigris; 1 or., of white arsenic; 2 or of bole 
tinues to progress, Iowa will soon be able to furnish A correspondent of the Nebraska Farmer, after Vd * be dillved* and the whole 
herself with molasses, independent of disunionists. describing his method of selecting seed corn in the ]>p mjv „ ! t , lgether an ,j ap| ,| ied with a father to the hoofs 
Manuring is much neglected here. Borne think field in autumn, and keeping it in a moderately warm t j, ?v llAV e been well cleaned from mud. If the first ap- 
that to manure land is useless, especially the rich, dry place in winter, says that in the spring he tests it mjcatioubas not the desired effect, Twill warrant the second, 
black soil of Iowa; consequently they burn their as follows“He rolls or wraps each ear in paper; —Robert Douglas, Trujiah, Cort. Co., A. K, 1861. 
straw, instead of keeping It to make manure. With- tw j gt8 n,,. little end, and shears ofi the paper at the +. + .+■ 
out manure on s<»me of our old farms in the East, big end down even with the ear. lie then draws out — . . * ^rtfifllltural 
farming would soon prove ft had business, and manure the ear carefully and shells it. If the shelled corn of rCtlJlUMmuR o y * 
on our rich land does really invigorate the soil, a ny ear dO0» not fill the paper, it is rejected. In this N y statE ageiCULTUKAL society. 
giving the farmer encouragement when the crop is wn j,e sorts out. the heavy kenieled and small cob * ' ' — 
ripe, and hi. l,«rd labor tUm rewarded 6 „ d „, and ,, impro „„ s pi, crop.- . ZTJ2Z ^ 
Peas. — E. C. Ppck. East Bloomfield, Ontario Co.. 1 88-100 
acres, 92 bushels, $ 8 . 
DrSORETioSARV. —Hiram Olmstead raised 955 bushels Ruta 
Bagas on 135 rods land and 254 bushels Carrots on 44 rods of 
land, 58. 
GRAINS AND SEEDS. 
One t/n/hel Ho' amount of grain exhibited. 
Winter Wheat. — A. I Pine. Pittstown, Rena. Co., $3; 2d, 
C. W. Bella, 2; 3d. E. S. Hayward, 1 
Spring Wheat.—C. W. Eells, 53; 2d, A. I. Pine, 2; 3d, D. 
W C. De’Forest. De Fricstville, Bens. Co., 1 
P.VK.—E. 8 . Hayward, 53; 2d, A. I. Pine, 2. 
Bart kv —Four Rowed —Hiram Mills, 53; 2d, C. Oaks, Oaks 
Corners tint. Co., 2; 3d, Hcnrv Wier, JohDSonrille, Kens. 
Co., 1. 
Barley —Two Rowed —A. H. Buck, 53 
Discretionary —E. Merriatn, for sample Russian Barley, 
T rand, 
Oats.—H. Mills, “Scotch Oats." $3; 2d. C. W Eells, 2; 3d, 
If. Wier, “ Poland Oats," 1. 
Buckwheat. —C. W. Eells. $3; 2d, H. Wier, 2. 
Flax Skied.—H. Wier, $3; 2d, same, 2. 
Y hllow Corn. —A. T. Pine, $3; 2d, H. Wier, 2; 3d, C. W. 
Eells, 1. 
White Corn —H Wier. 53. 
Pka8. —A H. Buck. “ Black Eyed,” S3 
Brass —H. Wier. 53, 2 d. A. 1. Pine, 2; 3d, H, Wier, 1. 
Timothy Heed.— 2d, A. I. Pine, 52. 
Discretionary. — Oliver Ynnvalen. Cortland, Cort. Co., 
one ijuart English Turnip Need. Turns. Mrs. H. Wier, 15 bus. 
Corn in ear. California Millet, and Broom Corn Millet, Trans. 
1 wish to know the dimensions of u ton of hay, or 
how many cubic feet docs it contain in a stack of To Relievo GhoUing Cattle 
solid hay? 
Iowa City, Iowa, 1861. 
Wm. Baxter. 
FOREST SCREENS AND BORDERS. 
Eds. Dural New-Yorkbb:— H. T. B.bas conferred 
a public benefit by his article upon “The Forests,” 
The subject of planting has often been a matter 
Of serious thought with me. That this is not owing 
to any uncommon cleverness, will be readily seen 
Onk who is familiar with cattle gives the follow¬ 
ing directions for relieving them from choking;— 
“ Put one arm over the neck, so as to have one hand 
on each side, find the substance that the animal is 
choked wfith, then place your thumb below it on 
each side, and shov^it gently up into the mouth. I 
have relieved a great many choked cattle for myself 
and neighbors, and never found a case but I succeeded 
in- One case I had where the animal would not take 
it into the mouth when it was shoved up; in that ease 
we put a ring into the mouth, and another person 
Joints of gtpiruUural ^ocuties, 
n. y. STATE agricultural society. 
Thu Annual Meeting of this Society was held last week at 
Albany. The attendance w as not large, though quite respect- 
aide, and the sessions interesting. Though wn hare notes 
and reports of the entire proceedings, we can only give a sy¬ 
nopsis Of the most important at present. 
The Society met in the Assembly Chamber at 12 o’clock on 
Wednesday, President Huntington in the chair. The Treas- 
Bcttkti— 3 tubs, J. S. Holbert, Chemung, Chem. Co., $15; 
2d. Mrs. K Merriam. Leyden, Lewis Co.. 10. 
Butter Mad* in Junk, August, and November —Wm. 
Pugh, Turin, Lewis Co.. 515. 
Winter Butter, —Clift Fames, Rutland, Jeff Co., $5; 2d, 
A. I Pine, 3; 3d, C. W. Eells, Trans. 
Cheese.—C lift Kamos, 515; 2d, Moses Karnes, 10 
EliCITS. 
Apples.— 20 varieties, F.Uwanger k Barry, Rochester, (40 
varieties,) 54: 16. Win. H Stinger land, Normanskill, 3; 2d, 
A. 1. Fine, Barrv end 1. Best dish. I) W C. De Forest, ». S. 
Medal. 
Pears.— Collection (41 varieties.) Fllwanger k Barry, Dip. 
and 8 . Med. Beet w babe la Grapes, R P- Wiles, Albany, 
S. S. Med. Dr. Ptesbrey Buffalo, exhibited samples of Isa¬ 
bella wiue, two years old. which was highly commended by 
several gentlemen, judges of wine S, Med. C. N. Bement, 
Po keeps!e, for Currant and other Wines exhibited, S. Med. 
Discretionary Premiums.—D. A. Bulkoley. WilHamstown, 
Mas*., IS varieties Corn in ear. Downing. D. A. Bulkeley. 
sample Seedling Potatoes, yield Inst year perncre 584 bushels, 
Bridgman. Wm H. tUingerlaod, Carrot*and Mangel Wurzel, 
Trans. D. L Halsey. Victory, Cayuga Co., 3 Rouen Ducks, 
(dressed ) S Med. ’M. Van Aukeu. Cohoes, Van Auken * 
Washing Machine, 3. 3. Med Marcus Pratt. Ireland s Corners, 
Victor stratr Cutter, S. S. Mt»l. T>. U. Pnnolt?, fviwt Bethany, 
N v. Corn Planter. S. S Med. Miss Lucy N Andrus. Turin. 
Lewis Co., Peoell Drawing Lewi? Co. Fair Building, 3. 3. Med 
Irrigation.- —A valuable practical Essay on Irrigation was 
urer submitted his report, the figurative portion of which we I)r „ 8 ( .nteil, and is in the hands of the Committee on Essays 
| lnd the Eway will appear in the Transactions, with report of 
when T report that “our house” stands on a hill, we put a ring into me moutu, ami auouiti person fl . om Klmlmlocalco m r nlt tee.. . 
where bleak winds rake it “ fore and aft,” and from easily took out the offending substance while I held RUiiM£F 
all points of the compass; while as often as the it up to the swallow*”_ interest m*tv*d on <AO\ op hand . 
west winds rise, fhe tempest holds a regular 1 # foi* swine* r» D 
subjoin: 
Luther 11 Tiul.er. Treasurer, in account with the New I "ark 
State. Agricultural Society, 
]lj> I860. 
To cash nn baud «t date of last report. $t>,im OT 
Amiiml Memberships received . jtw 
Life Momlii-rsUipi- received... in 
Premium returned... ..... . , JHJ5 
Stall- aiituopriution fur Entomologist.'... J,<« UU 
Do. do. for Society .-. » 
Cant, from Elmira local committee. . . 
Net receipts of Elmira Fair.. . rAinn 
Kent of refreshment stands at Elmira Fair. 
T„ 1 i.eoci rkodivliI tin cUhll fill hltlld .. '*•' 
carnival. Thus am T often reminded of the greatest 
need of our country houses,—protection against chill¬ 
ing winds and wintry blasts,—screens and borders 
for utility and beauty. 
It is doubtful, however, whether any sharp reproof 
we might apply to those who have gone before us, 
would serve in anywise to mitigate our troubles, or 
make them more endurable. Why should wo tom- 
Salt for Swine. 1860. 
A correspondent of the Amialen der Land- By Cash Pavmont.s as follows n— 
. , ... Premiums nt Winter Meeting, I860.. 
mrthschaft states some interesting experiments to Kxprtisrs at, dm do . 
test the use of salt in fattening swine. He selected . 
two pairs or harrow hogs weighing 200 pounds 
anier.c. One pair received with their daily allowance 3alms-» and Traveling expense,-...... . • 
1 ’ . , • -I I Salary of kntemoloinst, Dr. Ami I'ltch . . 
of food two ounces «f salt; the other pair, similarly Expeiiscsoi LiGmi-.v and Museum —. 
fed, none. In the course of a week it was easily seen "I!::! """i::"":—' 
that the salted pair had a much stronger appetite St “!; l0ua y.: 
$18,5ti3 82 
the 2d day of May, but on account of the drouth plain, since, very probably, we should do the same .> iau others, and after a fortnight the salt was Pri-uiinmsat Elmira 
• .... fin lifmti to new 
it did not come up until the 10th of June. It ripened 
by the 1st of October. I am certain it will ripen as 
early as corn, and will grow where corn will grow. 
1 obtained my first sited civ.m *i,,. Patent Olfioo in 
mu spring or i •>.„> - and have followed the direction* 
given by the Patent Office ever since, — which is to 
plant 8 or 10 seed in a hill, Si feet apart each way. 
thing under like circumstances. They doubtless 
erred, and lost much, both to themselves and us, by 
not leaving some of the young growth for borders, 
and « far wider extent of forest; so that the cleared 
(and ahouldiVic still el|eetw4ly protected l'roiu -tonus, 
and the highway ofteuer embowered in wood, with 
shade to refresh the traveler and his tired beast. 
increased to two ounces apiece. After four months 
the weight of the salted hogs was 360 pounds apiece, 
while that of tlie nnsalted, five weeks later, reached 
f>niv:;nn wounda. 4’-DcrimentwasrepeatedIwtth 
almost precis,-y ivstills. The author feeds 
young ]i!gs, according to their age, a quarter to one 
ounce daily, breeding sows very little during preg- 
Ol iirvi'MismiiD, luuu-.'UM . . , OKtZ AQ 
bnoy clium oi l KW. .- I-SS 2 ? 
Balaru-* am! Traveling expense*...... —. 
Salary of Eiitetnoloiri-'t, Dr. A-a I itch- - 
KxjM-iiSt-SOl Library atnl Museum . J" 
I'nstiige account.. .. {J.Jj; 
Inclduntalexpense* -••• • .. iii no 
Prlntinir, Advertising »nd Stationary . , 51* S 
Expense*, of Elinira fair .-. V'.Jiloji, 
Premiums at Elmira fair. . . y'-o., -. 
Cash on hand to new account . ..' 
518.56S 82 
Mr Secretary JohnSox read the Report of the Executive 
Committee, which comprised many interesting facte and rug 
We-*en m o v ill be v''GT* o T,**,| to Die ’ • 'CttnsaetiODS. 
On motion the usual Committee of twenty.foar—three from 
each Judicial District—was appointed to nominate officers for 
the ensuing year, and recommend a place for holding the 
When the cane is large enough to cultivate I thin out Such types of the primal forests would be prizes uanC y ) and during the heat of summer withholds it next Annual Fair. The Committee subsequently made the 
to 4 stalks in a bill, then tend the cane like corn. It worth something, and should long retuaiu as mcmen- jn a Kreat degree from all, as it induces thirst and following report: 
.. .. i-. . « n .• <_i rt_ /-«.«•/r i mils r»f C Innnflflirfi. 
is important to sucker the cane once during the sea¬ 
son, at least, in order to obtain large, heavy stalks. 
Fifth — I made sugar simply by boiling the juice 
down thicker than for molasses and setting it away to 
grain. The entire process is easy, certain, and may 
be briefly described. I filled one of the semi-circular 
paus with juice, turning it over the furnace and tire— 
got to boiling as soon and as fast as possible. An 
intense and uniform heat while boiling is absolutely too fast to condemn. Those old forest trees were not 
essential to disengage the glucose, which, if not quite the thing to constitute the borders needed, after 
burned out, will prevent the sirup from graining, — all, though such borders might have been long since 
here is the secret—when the green scum rises to the established, (as indeed they have been to some 
surface 1 skiiu it ofi’ with ft wire cloth skimmer,— extent,) had any one set himself about it, and found 
which comes with and belongs to the Evaporator,— means to do it.. 
and bye-and-bye numerous black Hakes, resembling l well remember an Incident in my early years, 
the iron scales on and aroynd a blacksmith’s anvil, bearing upon this subject. There was a piece of ten 
will boil up to the surface. This is the disengaged acres or more cleared, about our log house, having 
glucose, and I skim it oil' also. When the sirup is on it here and there a tree left standing. This 
thick enough for molasses, I use an irou rake stirer space was surrounded by forest. One day in mid- 
along the bottom of the pan to prevent scorching, as winter a heavy gale swept over us. The forest stood 
that would prevent our getting sugar. When the firm, hut when the gale reached the open space, one 
mass is thick enough to string in water. 1 turn it off after another of the tall lorest monarchs, left to 
the tire and bring the other pan on contuing fresh withstand alone, yielded to the force of the blast, 
juice — which endures the same fate as its prede- until the most of them lay prostrate, leaving hut 
cessor. I now draw the sugar sirup out of the pan poor encouragement to the advocate of any discriini- 
through a lancet in the rim, and place it in buckets nating or partial treatment of the trees. 
or tubs to cool, after which I pour it into au empty Sometimes, doubtless, money ruled the hour, but 
flour or sugar barrel with small gimlet holoa in the ofteuer the wants of a numerous family demanded, 
bottom, and place this over a molasses barrel to 0 r soeincd to demand, an increased area of cultivable 
drain. Sometimes the graining process begins in i am i- and in this connection, we may well remember 
two hours after it is oft' the fire, and sometimes not ^ho grant to the Isrealites to cut down the timber, 
until after two days or more. If the temperature of 0ll j m akc , v wall against any city that was to be sub- 
thc room is warm and nearly uniform, the sugar will dued. if, now, we begin to bestir ourselves in the 
he drained dry in ten or twelve days. same spirit that actuated our fathers, and if we apply 
The foregoing is the result of my own experiments, nil our skill and labor in selection and careful and 
and 1 bold myself responsible to the public for the judicious arrangement and culture, which they did 
toes of the care and wisdom of the Creator, because 
He has thus adorned and defended the earth as a .. ..P„ 
heritage for man, who, if he would pursue the same A Lrak In the NiaM*. qeti, «.f Albany; John A. Contf. of »t 
®' , • , A WRITER in the American Agriculturist, while ford, ol Jclfnnton; Ezra Cornell, ol 
course, and work in harmony with natures Lori, . .. .. Moopo. or Mot roo; Samuel W .fuhnao 
wrrate show that amid nresent cares l,e had a kindly trcatin K thls to P IC > discoursed thuB: - Not a leak m Cormpondiny Secretary —H F John 
* , , 4 , C 4 *ii the roof, though that would be bud, but in the floor, RucovOiim Scarctarp —Knutiw Coroiij 
thought of the future tenants of these (arms, btill, . , . .. , , , , . Treasurer —Luther H Tucker, of All 
if our fathers thought best to out down the forests, >« and le^s too, leaks between Ohhjs^t. C mer- ol 
. . ....... ., every plank! Why should this be allowed? Why of < Union; John Winslow, or Jeffi 
or seemed not to flunk much about it, let us not be * 1 ' . . ..i V |_ or , j t, nvf . nnn Ontario; Samuel Thorue^ ot Dutches^. 
. .. .._a. mu— .. not make the floor tight as possible, and have one - Ajl ' ltt8e rte a that wm 
liability to disease. 
President —Hon. George Geduks of Onondaga. 
Yin Presidents (die* fur each Judicial District)—John Jay, 
of New York. Hen). F. Camp, Ot Westchester; Herman Wen¬ 
dell. of Albany; John A. Corey. r,f Saratoga; S I>. Hunger- 
(V.riL ot Jefferson; Ezra Cornell, ol Tompkins; I> l>. T. 
Moore, of Motroej Samuel W Johnson, of Cattaraugus. 
(iu'rttpondiny Secretary —11. P Johnson, ol Albany. 
Recording Seirelary—l *rnstus Corning. Jr of Albany. 
Treasurer — Luther 11 Tueker. of Albany. 
Recent ire Committee— T. C. Deter*, of Hem-see; N. Laphftm. 
Of Clinton; John Winslow, of Jefferson K Sherrill, Ol 
and the Essay will appear in the Transactions, wnu repon oi 
Commitlte-e. _ 
On Thursday evening the Annual Adilrea* was delivered by 
the ri tiling President; after which the President elect, Hon. 
Guo. Gkddem, prononneed the following Inaugural: 
ficritlemm of the New Yori State Agnmdtural Society: —l 
assume (he duties of this place in obedience to your action, 
not at all in accordance with my own pleasure, 1 have been 
content to be a learner in the Society, anil feel earnest diffi¬ 
dence at being placed at its head. 1 know what the Society 
has done for the mate. The past it secure — what shall be in 
the future I Go rod predict. This Society lias done for the 
State of New York, or rather the-State of New York has 
done through the Society, more in its sphere of duty than 
ha- been accomplished by auv other Government with so 
little expense. . 
Tin- Society has risen in calm and quiet progress; the law 
that organised it ban hut few sections. It did hut give it a 
legal form and existence. It has moved in it. own strength. 
The on Mi i- spirit of the localities where it* Fair- have been 
held, ha- provided ter them. In relation to thus- hairs I 
hare not ha-! the advantages of comparison by foreign travel, 
hut the la-i Fait which ! saw. (the one at Albany,) Ihelieve 
to have been the hekt representation upon a Kiugle field, of 
more value and excellence than has been elsewhere gathered. 
Sinn- you have been pleased to make me yotir Preside n LI 
have looked around to inquire i«to its responsibilities. This 
Soci’etv owes it* sueei'K* to its Executive Committee —not so 
much to it.* President as to that Coimnitteo. In them you 
I,.,, ,, houn exceedingly fortunate. Gentlemen Who have been 
mans vears with ii*.' have acted there Some have retired, 
lyWeahnenv* I ’i-ry touch regret. I would like the assist 
Mice ul their practical Loowtedae a-'-* I dislike to part trom 
Trii-uls so i mironglitv ieri. it. t -tcanfc -> - . -- it-, i- - , —J/ 
have done me in this appointment. Were I ungratelui, I 
should he iudiseriminuting. Accepting it with diffidence and 
asking vour indulgence, I turn to the Executive Lomrmttee, 
and ask them to do to me u; to my predecessor — to attend all 
the meetings and if possible, to make this a year of success. 
Rural Notes anil Stems. 
o farmers. Write for Your Paper.’’—T his has long been 
the motto of the Prairie Parmer, always a capital paper — 
whether conducted by Wright and Wight, as of yore, or 
Emery and BkagiiON, as now—and here is a suggestive item 
ou the subject from its first number for 1861 Readers of the 
proof of the statements I have made. A new im¬ 
petus has been given to the cultivation of Sorghum, 
and the invention Of the Evaporator mentioned, is to 
us what Wuitxky’s cotton gin was to the Cotton 
States half a century ago. We, in this county, know 
we can and will retain at home thirty thousand dol¬ 
lars which annually is paid out and lost to us for 
sugar and molasses. 
In conclusion, I would say to farmers, — east and 
west of the Mississippi, — plant .Sorghum, and not a 
garden patch, but five or ten acres, — get a good mill 
and an Evaporator like mine, and if you are not sat¬ 
isfied with the result by this time next year, you may 
sentence me through the triboual of the Rural New- 
Yorker. In a good cause “I ask no favors and 
shrink from no responsibilities.’’ J. Williams. 
Kingston, Mo., 1861. 
gutter near the heels of the stock, to carry off the 
urine into a tank below, or in a heap of muck or 
other absorbent? Ur, in place of this arrangement, 
have the floors well covered with litter, of straw, 
peat, tanbark, saw dost, plaster, or any dry absorbent 
material. Any body can see that this would save 
nearly all the urine for useful purposes, and would 
make the air of the ^tables pleasant and healthful to 
the stock and their owners. The importance of this 
economy will appear when we reflect that I be liquid 
voidings of a cow range from nine hundred to twelve 
hundred gallons a year, according to the age and 
size of the animal; and of a horse, from eleven hun¬ 
dred to fourteen hundred gallons a year, which are 
worth more, pound for pound, than the solid excre¬ 
ments.” _ 
and gumvm. 
“ Ohio” Broom Cor*. — I noticed in aback number ql the 
Ritual, (Feb., 1800, I think,) a communication relating to 
broom corn, in which -i variety called the “Ohio" was re- 
commended ak best lor cultivation Can you, or auy of your 
readers, inform me iv B) whore 1 can get some of the seed of 
that variety v —M. N. C . Vernon, 17., 1861. 
Fork-raising at tic West.—A s the Rural gives valuable 
essays on the raising and management ot sheep and cattle. I 
would he pleased if nolle of your readers would give one ou the 
management of hogs,—their experience it) raising, profits, 
and also the bent breed,. The soil here is a clay loam, adapted 
to hay, corn, wheal. A’ The prevailing crop has been bar 
and l am afraid it lias prevailed inn long. <Jnr ground is 
gradually deteriorating year alter year, and we must have a 
change in our present arni products We raise, only enough 
Stock to consume one tenth of nur hay. heoev We have no 
VJJllttWU, nniuoT i tuviuv, -- . .V 
Tht* Uummitteo rriiorted ihat Watertown was tile only . xkw Yoiikk it, who ought also to b# writers for it? 
laical departments, will ,d«« -holder the remarks 
Committee copied for their edification:—" teend us your experiences — 
The report of the Committee was adopted, and the officers u .p „f the lesson* you have learned the past season. We 
,, ,v.:« .ai.» W» U»l- it that 
nominated duly elected. 
A motion, offered by Mr. Deters, of Genesee, to hold a 
Fair, in July or August next, at Canandaigua, or some other 
pednt in the interior of the Sfate, for the Trial of Agricul¬ 
tural Implements, was referred to the Executive Committee. 
The proposition seemed to meet with imich favor, and the 
Ex, Com. subsequently decided to curry it out. 
A resolution, in favor of the passage of the Assembly bill, 
authorizing the collection of agricultural statistics, was 
adopted. 
A resolution approving of the proposed exhibition of in- 
diistry of nil nations, in London, in 1862, and pledging the 
Society to aid in the enterprise, was adopted. 
are not altogether selfish in this asking We ask it that 
there may be a mutual benefit. It assists the man who 
writes, because the effort to put it upon paper involves an 
analysis of his subject, and begets new thoughts and oftou 
new conclusions, It assists us, because it adds to the useful 
ness and practical value of the paper to practical men; and 
it aide our renders, because they are thus enabled to compare 
the experience of others with their own—to amend their 
practice when the reflection of the ideas of others mirrors 
its molts. It w ill please us, therefore, if there be at once 
frank, mutual friendship and reciprocal relations established 
between ourselves and our readers, and among our readers 
themselves—a desire to mutually benefit, aid, and encourage. 
On motion of lion. T. C. Deters, a resolution was adopted by cheerfully and promptly advising, and w riting tor each 
affirming the impossibility- of offering separate premiums for 0 ther.” _ 
Imported c*ttlp, »*!.««*-»* -a,***—* , v»ou»l.Va.'««T-I. CU»n»»t. K. U., 
rr " „„ ,o„od„o.„ .Od aa—4 on tin. Ml, M. UK, .. !«*.« taw,.,, doportod UU.Ufc, 
imported cattle, and in favor of their taking their chances of 
prize** iritll domeFtie cattle. 
Several important questions were introduced and discussed 
during the sessions, and referred to the Executive Committee 
for action. 
On Wednesday evening, Dr. Asa Fitch, Entomologist to 
aged 00 years arid 6 months. A long and useful life has thus 
been closed, andMr. lllHBABD has gone to the grave mourned 
bv all who enjoyed his acquaintance. The Boston Cultivator 
the Society 1 read a paper on the entomological peculiarities says ho died in his early home on the hanks of the beautiful 
!!!!!! L, U,. ^ an essay on Connecticut, rendered attractive by his superior taste and 
in cutting down, we shall do more iu the next twenty- gradually deteriorating year aft**- year, and we must have a 
_ , , . a-. -i jf chans’i 1 Iu our presetit urm products- Wt* raise only enough 
five years towards making our.s the beautiful land it on^toutii uf our hay. heocv we have no 
is callable of being made, tliau bv one hundred years manure. Our hay is suit South every year and there is ooth- 
*. .. .. , , ,, \ , . rin-retained lor the laid. We got twenty dollars a ton tins 
of railing at others lor what they have clout, ui failed geu ^ 0H| j mt the |. in ,] nothing. At one time we could get 
to accomplish. And, perhaps, our children will oue a good seeding to gny- the first season, hut now. w hen w e 
j ... , . plow worn meiuioVs. ^id get one crop of corn while the 300 is 
day rise up and call us blessed, rejoicing that they J,.xtiow the cnuawill mt grow arol make ag.. meadow fi.r 
liad fathers and grand-fathers, “not overmuch a cuusiderabjo time, h-nce my inouiry as t,, the raising and 
management of hogs. ( mention hogs in particular, as they 
Wise.” D. AiUTBiK. are quick of sale and clu convert clover into meat. >Ye can 
Oneida Co., N. Y., 1861. depend on nothing l-tler than clover for the strengthen- 
intr of our wurn li • 0-, Stotic* CoInti. T . 
-D> 6 L 
PROFIT OF KEEPING HENS, & C. ^Cosstipatiox in SieEi-.—My sheep Tire dying off. and I 
- cannot determine the uitiue of the disease, nor lind a remedy, 
EPS. Rubai. Nbu'-Xobkek: Noticing in a lata 
number of vour paper au article respecting hens, and condition until t.kea mtli the disease. Symptoms as 
the profits lroiti keeping them, I will sheeifully add ;ui ] ia shli .. t liine< s . ( , i, oar> fail down, sometimes net 
mv testimony in their favor. I kept, the past year, rit down on tbeir lutumfes when down, never feet up Rgain. 
iuj itsuuiuaj , ,,, ip. on the side, throw He head straight hack to the shoulder,. 
twenty heus, — raised two broods of chickens, nan wjJd P5 p rcs8 p m T[) th-rave. amt very har.1 breathing, have 
from six to eight in the family, and received thirty- -pasius, kick, struggle and groan, and appear in great dustress- 
nom six io Ligiu J, a (! ne tlmt was taken to tee night was found tle»d m ihemorn 
nf the nast season —and Mr. J. S. Gould read an essay on ... ... * 
1 ' ... .. skill. Ilis businew concerns were conducted with a great 
Grasses and then cultivation._ ^^ ^ au(( u[lrigMm ^, InduB trious, frugal, just 
The Winter Exhibition and benevolent, he lived a quiet, peaceful, happy life. He 
. wna one of the earlv settlers of Claremont, and contributed 
Of Fruits. Grains, Dairy Products, Ac., on Thursday was not ^ ^ ^ ^ pr ' omote iht) pr0 sperity of this flourishing 
large, but included snpenorspee.mens m each elan. ' ” have jj „ will remembered us an intelligent and success- 
only space to give the bst of premiums awarded as follows. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a Ujng senM of y ears he 
A „ n \ AKMS n Aa Tallin To S50 had the reputation of sending the best fatted beef to Brigh- 
Grain Farm. A. B. Benham, Dryden, Tomp. Co. 550. Marke ‘ ]It , raised and fed fhe mammoth ox “Olympus." 
^ Butter Da.ey Farm. - Robert Harvey, Leyden, Lews Co., ^M kJt. ^ yariOTe fartB of tki s country, and 
Cheese Dairy Farm. — Leonard S. Stranding, Deer River, afterwards sent to England._ 
, Lewis 0o., 550. " * . , r n 
Discretionary —A. H. Buck, Lowville, Lewis Co., (Cheese Steam Flows in Franck, — A Parisian journal, Lc l.eme 
Puirv Farm,) S. Med. Special premium, Hiram Olmstead, j 1H(1u triel says that ten steam plows, with twelve-horse power 
Walton, Del Co., (Butter Dairy,) 510. engines to operate them, are now being made under the 
IrSTaSS'SiSffiSM orUcT, of tb, Emparo, by Mr. TUCKO.K, ,t Bar le VT- 1 - 
Lawrence Co., special premium on Scotch Wheat. Trams., locomotive ts to be placed on one side of the field, the p C §. 
Solomon Walrath. Bread from Scotch Wheat. Bridgman’s ^ ^ drawn bv an L . n jl e ss chain, the opposite extremity of 
agricultural statistics. which is secured by an anchor. The plows are in gangs of 
Tompkins Countv Agricultural Society. $30; Ithaca Farm- eight, four to operate in one direction and Win the other, 
era' Club. 20. ’ After each passage of the plows back and forth, the engine 
draining, ac. aD(J tlle ttllctloT are moved along at the side of the field a 
A. H. Buck. Lowville, Draining Peat Swamp. $10. distance corresponding to the width plowed, which is about 
grasses, ac. . .. four feet. This plan was tried several years ago in England. 
Mrs. Isaac Clement. Mechanicsville, 100 varieties, $15. 0 
field drops Kentucky State Fair.—N otwithstanding the excitement 
R Mr Htekm e 0i.ns°te’al. Wal- about Secession, our Kentucky brethren seem to think that 
ton, Del. COm presented a crop of 67 J 4 bushels Spring Wheat the old-fashioned plan for saving and strengthening any gov- 
raised on 2 and 18 rods. 'Ibe crop did *mt meet the ic- grnn^nt.—encouraging agriculture and mechfuiic arts, is 
hu*hel 7 ?therefore uoto^d ^ 1 “the best, nod they have, consequently, set apart five days 
Dye -C L. Kiersted. Kingston, Ulster Co , 2 acres, 86 (17-21) iu September, for holding then Annual btate Lx- 
busbclk. 515; 2d, same, 6 acres and 5-100, 198 bushels, 10. bibilion. Louisville is the point deHgnated The amount 
Buckwheat _C W Bolls, LairdsvUle, Oneida Co,, 1 acre 0 f the premium list reaches 53,000, and the prises are judi 
4 LK. 311-5 bushels, 58. Hiram Olmstead raised 3143 bushels - , distributed between the departments of agriculture 
Buckwheat on 112 rods land. The amount of land required 
10 be cultivated was one ac.ro. His laud is short that amount, and manufactures. _ __ 
hut hiH crop exceeds the required amount from an acre. * 
Awarded a discretionary premium ot $ 8 . The Hop Crop op New York. — The returns of the m- 
Bari.ky. — Iliiam Mills. Lowville, Lewis Co.. 2 acres. 108 ; •. gpoeior show that, from Jan. 1, 1860, to Jan. 1, 1861, the 
bushels, 15, _ . ... a.,.mint nf lions insnected iu this State was 2120 bales, weigh- 
r «, - Ulie Iliav was WKVU 111 ac naa ti'UMH 'IV*.. .; - 
FARMING AND CHOPS IN IOWA. three dollars and fifty cents tor eggs, l ue puces poi boated, paw* that l have trioa to doctor five 
Eds. Rural Xew-Yorkkr:— Perhaps some of the 
readers of the Rural will be glad to hear a word 
from Iowa, concerning the crops and other agricul¬ 
tural matters. The crops last season were excellent, 
—never better. The wheat raised here is generally 
spring wheat, as fall wheat usually winter kills, so 
the farmer is preferred, because deemed more certain, 
although the latter is much better liked for flour. 
Our yield in this vicinity has not been more than 
twenty bushels to the acre. We raised a fair crop, 
dozen through the year were from fourteen to twenty- 
two cents. The average price would probably not iiu ^ Cayenne pepper, is a preventive tev the well oues have 
vary much from seventeen cents per dozen. I did given tar and sulphur. iCanyou. or any ol your reader-, tell 
vaiy rauen ltorn seventeen uu 1 h th diae ., 80 ' t1ie rtP1 edy, and , preventive. -Jkssf. 1 
not take account of whole number of eggs gatheied, M Kendall, Orleans Co., N 1'. 1861. 
only what were sold. It is mora than prnhAle that your sheep aresufiering from 
The hens were fed through the year each morning constipation. Rcduco iheir food and give physic. Doses of 
with scalded cob-meal, to which was added, and well Epsom salts (half an olc-e to an ounce,) will be found one of 
mixed, little scraps of boiled meat, given hot,- the very best purgativA fur sheep. Afterpurginqv keepon 
1 , 1 , r, lirrtit fonil for a short twit*. AwoplfXV Hpt to BUCK in 
during afternoon shollei corn or oa s, — p en y 0 arD kept ; ,^ 00 high condition, especially if the 
pure water. _ animal is costive. In 4uch cases, where the symptoms are 
I think we keep nothing on the farm her? that w ith j h gg riivalt .j an ,i fioat’q will ensue unless relief be speedily 
u good aeudlng to gnu. the hrst season, but now. wUen ive . dairy Farm —Leonard S. Stranding, Deer River, 
plow worn meadows, aid get one crop ol eoru wlnle the sod is (ntiss caiix. Jj ” ju 
rotting, tho grass wilL lot grow aud make a good meadow K.r Lvwls i o., r 
a considerable time, h nee my inquiry os to the raising and Discretionary —A H. Buck, Lowrvdie, Lewis Co , (Lhtesi 
management of hogs [ menllon hogs in particular, as (inw ■ Dairy Farm,) S. Med Special premium, I drain mislead, 
m o quick of sale and oiu convert clover into meat. We can W alton. Del Co., (Butter Dairy,) 510. 
depend on nothing Mtei than cl. .ver for the strengthen- Grass Crot. — C. L. Kiensted, Ulster Co., crop Grass, 4 tons 
in g nf our wurn land;-.—3. li - C-, AlldnsviUe. Switz. Co., hid . ^ ffis. per acre. Trans.; Solomon Walrath. Canton, fet. 
1861. Lawrence Co., special premium on Scotch Wheat. Trans.; 
jt. Const! ration » St.El-.-My sheep are dying off, and I Solon,on Walrath. Bread from Scotch Wheat. Bridgmans 
cannot determine the utture of the disease, nor find a remedy Gardener. agricultural statistics. 
Their feed ha» been plaitv ot good hav. some bean tedder, , . ... 
and a little corn once t day They are fat, strong, and in Tompkins County Agricultural Society, *30; Ithaca Farm- 
,»i,, m) condition until uieu with the disease. Symptoms as t-te Club. 20. 
follows:—Are taken with .1 irt-Tnlding and shivering all 01 er, draining, ac. 
and iu short time, say a half hour, fall down, sometimes first A b uc Jj. Lowville, Draining Teat Swamp, $10. 
sit dow n on their huumftcs. When down, nevurget Up again. gkaSSBS, ac. 
Lie on the side, throw tie Imiid straight back to the shoulder, - ’ ... . .. „ 
w ild expression to tb-eye. amt very hard hreathing. have Mrs. Isaac Clement, Mechanicsville, 100 varieties, $15. 
spasms, kick, struggle a*d groan, and appear in great distress- field ckofS- 
Onc that was take.nln tie night was found dead in me morn- _ Wheat _Clift Eames, Rutland, Jeff. Co., 3 acres 
mg and badly bloated, pome that 1 have tried to doctor live ■ j. ods v j 0 q p, ug hels, $15. Mr. Hiram Olmstead, Wal- 
troin one to three days,get blind in about -4 hour.- and thtu > . q ,,J ( . sen terl a crop of 57 ’4 bushels Spring Wheat 
eyas look white and roily Have given the Hick ones brandy • . ' ttnf j ya rm y 9 . The crop did not meet the ro¬ 
und Cayenne popper is a preventive tei the well ones have ‘ irt> 1 | j eut “ ‘ (lf t ' h ,. Soeietv as to the amount per acre, (30 
given tar and sulphur. |C;in you, or any of your readers, tell 9 , , . . nni.awarded anv regular premium Trams 
Oats. — C. L. Kiersted, 3 54-100 acres. 308> 4 bushels, 515: 
1, Ira R. Peck, East Bloomfield, Ontario Co., 15 acres, 1,284 
s Burtis. Oaks Corners, Ont. Co., 
E. 3. Hayward, Rochester, 1 67- 
Thk Hop Crop op New York. — The returns of the In¬ 
spector show that, from Jan. 1, 1860, to Jan. 1, 1861, the 
amount of hops inspected iu this State was 2120 hales, weigh¬ 
ing 403,680 pounds. Of this amount. 469 bales only were the 
growth of 1860. With the exception of 1859, when the total 
reached 1530 bales, weighing 286,330 pounds, this is the 
smallest yield of any year since 1851. 
