FX)TTU CENTO, 
i WHOLE NO. 581 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1861 
will burn before they are wilted,, The best way is to 
cut in the afternoon and lay on the ground to wilt. 
This wilting forwards the process of curing, and ho 
manuring, careful and laborious cultivation, accom¬ 
panied with skill, and a sacrifice of manure for other 
unless it can be purchased — are to be taken 
ably answer the purpose; we have used it extensively, 
and found it efficient; Acetic acid, 2 ounces; water, 
8 ounces; chloric ether, 1 ounce. Mix; take a pad, 
composed of three or four folds of cotton cloth, im¬ 
merse it in the mixture, place it over the Beat Of 
uplont, then coniine it so as to produce slight press¬ 
ure on the tumor, the outer bandage to be moistened 
as often as convenient. Heat at this stage is highly 
important, because the periosteum, or else the inter- 
osseous tlbro-cai-tllagc between the splcnt and cannon, 
IB inflamed, and all motion aggravates It. In a case 
of long standing, and even io ono having a well- 
marked tutnor, stiffness and lameness may be relieved 
by the occasional application ol acetate of cantharides. n 
ing money in the dairy business on so small a piece 
of land is not tlattcring. A good average yield of 
butter from cows, wo believe, is 1G0 pounds each. 
This, at 12 cents per pound, would make the product 
of each cow about $20. It will take unusually good 
management and a good deal of labor to keep a cow 
on three-fourths of an acre of land. But suppose 
seven are kept on this five acres, we have only $140 
as the product of their butter. Of course a better 
plan would he to keep a less number of cows 
and some pigs, to which the skimmed milk should 
be fed. We are only endeavoring to show the prob¬ 
able results of different methods if exclusively 
followed. 
crop requires a great amount of labor. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
*K ORIGINAL WCT.FCt.Y 
agricultural, literary and family journal. 
crops 
into the account by any person who intends to enter 
on its cultivation. In the Immediate vicinity of ma¬ 
nure that can be purchased, this crop is increasing; 
perhaps it is in other places, but what the effects may 
be on the profits of other crops, there liaH not boon 
sufficient time to determine since the introduction of 
what is now a staple. Mr. Benjamin Clark, of Mar- 
collus, who is perhaps bettor acquainted with the 
facts in regard to the culture of tobacco than any 
other man here, estimates the production of 1859, as 
or the value of $150,000. 
From Air. Clark, tho following facts and estimates 
in regard to this crop are derived: A warm, rich, 
well drained, and mellow soil should ho had, and 
then twenty-live loads of rotten barn-yard manure 
should lie put on an acre. The laud being in high 
condition, this amount of manure will he. consumed 
by a crop. The plants should ho set about the first 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOEE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
Tint RttRaL NRW-Yokknr !« desis-ned to be unaurpmwed in 
VdM. Parity, TTrtfoInMs and Variety of Content*. And unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes hie per- 
eonal attention to the eupervUion of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to tender the RURAL an eminently 
Reliable Guide oo all the important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects intimately connected with the buirinu«* of 
those whose Interest* it jealously advocate*. A* a FAMILY 
Journal It U eminently Irietmrtlvo and Kntertxininit— Leins 
bo conducted that it can be safely taken to lho limit* and 
Borne* of people of iotellU'oriw, taste and discrimination. It 
embrace* more Arnr.ultuial, Horticultural, Scientific. Educa¬ 
tional, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate 
and beautiful ffnirravinipi, than any other journal.— rendering 
it the most complete Agricultural, Litkuaky and Family 
NkWS]*APKR in A merino. 
For Tkrmh and other particular*, see last pa«o. 
The onion 
With good clean culture, on a rich soil,—and we 
think the black soil of the prairies would be admir¬ 
able,—600 bushels would not be an extraordinary crop. 
At the Fast they sell at from 40 to 00 cents a bushel. 
At the lowest price an acre would produce $200. If 
the market is good at the West, we know on no better 
crop for a five acre farm, lire Keeping, if properly 
managed, could ho found exceedingly profitable, as, 
In addition to the honey, the natural increase Is so 
great that the revenue iB not small from the sale of 
swarms. Then, they feed on the product of the hind 
for miles around. Two hundred swarms, if only 
averaging twenty pounds each, at the low price of 
twelve cents per pound, would give about $333, and 
this estimate we think is far too low, 
Tho first object of the farmer should ho to provide 
for his household. A well kept garden of one acre 
will furnish a family many of tho luxuries of life, 
and about all the necessaries that can bo produced in 
our climate, except flour, clothes, fuel and meat, and 
go a good way towards furnishing the tatter. On 
such a piece of land we grow a magnificent supply 
of summer vegetables, as good as grace the tables of 
the best hotels in the land, or the finest private estab¬ 
lishment. Our spinach, lettuce, peas, beans, beets, 
r tuliUower, early potatoes, corn, cucumbers, toma- 
«Vl\/ HI <i (iuSi.l Jaw Vt 0 f 'A\l *' 
berries, raspberries, blackberries, early apples and 
pears, and plums and melons in abundance. At the 
setting in of winter, wo find our collar well tilled 
with potatoes, beets, carrots, turnips, celery, 
squashes, cabbage, and a scoro or two of barrels of 
Baldwin, Northern Spy, Greening, Spit/,on burgh and 
Swaar apples, and fifty or sixty pounds of hbney, 
bottled fruits, dec. All this, and a great deal more, 
we produce from our small farm of one acre, to say 
nothing of the gay flowers that border our walks, and 
the beautiful boquets that grace our tables every 
summer’s day. 
Corn Meal and Potatoes. 
Eos. Rural Nbw-Yokkkr:— 1 *'ib to inquire, through 
the columns of the Rural, how much Inii. in meal is equal 
to ono liiinhel of potatoes, and if I" ■ H ho better for them if 
cooked?—A. R , Caledonia, Ur. Oo., .V Y,, 1801. 
For tho sake of economy, we should say by all 
means cook both the meal and potatoes. A great 
portion of tho concentrated food given to animals is 
wasted, passing away undigested. If grain is fed to 
horses without being ground bruised, a portion 
passes through the stomach without being completely 
digested, and a flock of fowl - ' d no bettor fare than 
to be allowed the range of the dung heap, and will 
grow fat on the wasted grain. A striking illustration 
of (his system of feeding is to be seen at the West, 
where cows and fatting cattle are fed large quantities 
of corn either in the. ear or on the stalk. Their drop¬ 
pings, after heavy rains have washed away the soluble 
parts, look like heaps of br ken com — the tender 
germ being digested while the harder part of the 
kernel remains as sound as when eaten. Bhiising or 
grinding wonderfully helps digestion, but cooking so 
prepares the food for the op- rations of the stomach 
that little or none of the nufilivc matter is wasted, 
hut is absorbed by the lyt 1 h !c vessels and assimi¬ 
lated by tho various tiarijKfc| body. It bus been 
- i • Hint ^’ftoen 
pounds of Indian a, to one bushel of 
potatoes; or that one pound of meal is as valuable as 
l-LANT WITH THIS PUUKICRH GROWING 
toughens the plant as to make it practicable to hang 
it without much loss in breaking leaves. 
Tho conclusion of the above article — including 
the mode of curing, &e., witli illustrations—will be 
given in our next number. 
Enturkd accordliut to net of Conrr-'ss, in the year 18*11, by 
[1 It T Mno««, In tho Oflin- nf the Clerk of the llihtrlct 
Court for the Northern District of New York. 
t'-JT- Our only object. In copyri/htintt this paper is to secure 
what every honorable journalist will freely (riant proper 
credit for articles selected from it* routes- Any and every 
jonrnal is at liberty, and Invited, to copy freely, by crediting 
each (lfhuniil article orillustratinn to Rural JVtfW- Yorker 
FORESTS-INFLUENCE ON CLLMATE 
one ounce to a square rod, equally distributed all 
over the bed, Boll hard with a hand roller, but do 
ajv not cover the seed. 
dfMMwk (Glass should bo kept 
y j» .m over the bed until 
the plants appear, 
m; which will tic in 
two or throe weeks; 
aftor they n re up and 
started, the glass 
" i ~~ will be required 
,{ \ only at night and in 
J K cold days. The bed 
should be kept moist 
and free front weeds. 
” //>*■ Wini. the pL.iito Art- 
' throe inches high 
PLANT AND HOOT AS HUT. tllOy UTO lui'gC 
enough to set. To prepare the land, the manure 
should ho applied as early as the ground is dry 
enough to plow. The last of May plow and harrow 
again, so as to mix tho manure well with the soil. 
Mark the land one way for rows, three feet four 
inches. Make hills by hauling up a few hoC8 full of 
dirt and press it well with the hoe. In taking the 
ENQUIRIES AND NOTES 
A Hntnll Farm—Ilnw to IWnkn it I'rofitnblr. 
Edh. Rural NOw-Y orker:—W ill you confer a favor on 
mo, and others In like circumstance*, who depend on the 
cultivation of a few acres for tho *upport of thcmaelvcs aod 
families, by giving tbn best course to puisne to make the 
most of tho mint I parcel of land wo posucs*? That you may 
.'I-HAII'i I■ y LUCS ll,'.uji4.t, 1 ,l,*C,t 
l-ocution .— Fifty sir mile* Northwest of Milwaukee, on the 
UfflOIM and Milwaukee Railroad; one mile from Rolling 
Prairie Depot, five mile* each way to a village; one contains 
1,600 inhabitants, and the other 8,000. 
figl, ifx — I have live acre* of rich, Muck prairie, capable 
of raising good cabbage or onions without manure. 
Anmme. Markets .— Wheat, 7f> cents; com, 37; barley, 37; 
oats, 18; potatoes, IS; butter, 13; Cheese, 10; tiggB, 8; hay, 
$0; pork, ff>; cabbage, onions, he,, very little Bale, except 
very early for Milwaukee and ObicAgo markets. 
Now, how *baU a man go to work to support a family of 
(ivo |arson*, aod lay by something for a rainy clay, off of this 
live acre* of land, in condition as specified? I'lease give 
particular*, and oblige un old subscriber.— L. I,. E. 
(lira Wisconsin friend will have need for all tho 
skill and energy lie possesses to “make a living for 
five persons and save a little for a rainy day,” from a 
farm of live acres, situated as it is among the cheap 
and rich prairie lands, and abuudaqj produce of the 
West. Did our correspondent livo within a few 
ichiles of a large city affording a good market, we 
would say grow small fruits, strawberries, raspber¬ 
ries, currants, and blackberries,—for market, as well 
a* early and choice vegetables, the production of 
which would afford a largo amount of profitable 
labor. IaiiiI is the farmers’ capital, and our friend 
will find it somewhat difficult to manage tilings 
profitably with the small interest lie has in the soil. 
Well-directed labor is the producer of wealth. Iron, 
by labor, is made much more valuable than the same 
weight of gold. A great amount of labor must be 
laid out upon this piece of land to produce support 
for a family. A laborer with no interest in the soil, 
whose only capital is ton shillings invested in a 
shovel, can produce by his tabor a dollar a day. 
The small farmer with five acres, and therefore with 
several hundred dollars invested in laud, and with 
the necessary skill to labor wisely aud efficiently, 
should do as well as this, and bettor; but to do so, a 
system must be pm-sncd that will alfor-l much more 
work than ordinary faming, or the owner will be 
doing nothing and earning nothing a great portion 
of the year. 
For the sake of making this matter plain, we will 
suppose the whole lot put down to grass and cut and 
sold for hay, as this will afford the least labor. If 
the product is two tuns per acre, and sold at the 
price stated by our correspondent, the money 
received will be only $00. A crop of corn would 
require more work, and we will suppose the whole 
put into corn, and the product 80 bushels to the acre. 
This, at 37 cents per bushel, would yield $148. it is 
evident that Borne system must be pursued that will 
afi'ord more profitable labor, and at tho same time 
return something to the soil. Suppose, then, we 
procure pigs, and feed out the corn. ThiB will give 
plenty of manure and considerable labor in feeding, 
killing and marketing. Five pounds of corn,if eco¬ 
nomically led, will make about one pound of pork, so 
that every bushel of corn fed out will return GO cents, 
or $240 for the whole crop. Another way to increase 
the labor would be to grow roots, sach as carrots, 
beets, and especially parsnips, for makiug pork. In 
this way, we think, twice as much feed can be 
obtained from the same land as in growing corn. 
If cows and other stock are kept, no animal should 
Tobacco — tS rowing nod Luring. 
Eds. Rural Nrw Yorkkk:—I wish information, through 
the columns of your valuable paper, with regard to the cul¬ 
ture of tobacco. How treated, what, time it nhould he cut, 
and how nmnuged after cutting? Information in respect, to the 
above will he thankfully received by a reader of tho Rural,— 
F. Johnson, Burton, b'eb 1831. 
We have on hand a number of inquiries of similar 
import to the above, some of which have quietly 
rested in our pigeon holes for months. But, as the 
season is advancing, it becomes necessary to give 
the desired information. More"Tobacco is probably 
grown in Onondaga than in any other county in this 
State, and in the last volume Of Transactions of tile 
State Agricultural Society, wo find In tho Agricul¬ 
tural Survey l>y lion. duo. Gnomes, an interesting 
report of tho products of that county, from which 
wo make the following extracts showing the method 
of growing and curing Tobacco. This will probably 
give all the information sought by our correspondent*. 
As to tho culture aud use of tohacco, we arc of 
opinion that the former is decidedly injurious and 
exhausting to tho soil, and tho latter in most eases 
as deleterious to the human system. Still, as people 
will consume the weed, thus creating a great demand 
for its production and rendering its culture profit 
able, it may be our duty to furnish needful informa¬ 
tion on the subject of its cultivation and preparation 
for market: 
on each hill half an hour lyVfffw] 
before setting. Make a hole, nV.imW\!m 
put in tho root, and press 
tho dirt close to it, all the 'WMvjJ 
way to the lower end. If , 
any plant does not live, take •'3ES32* 
care to set another. Unless '‘‘•ant sot in tub uili,. 
tho earth is wet, or at least moist, water the plants 
soon after setting as may he necessary, in about one 
week cultivate and boo. In ten or fourteen days 
repeat the operation, and continue to cultivate ho as 
to keep the weeds down. The tobacco worms may 
appear about the second hoeing; kill them as fast as 
they show themselves. When the blossoms appear, 
break off tho stalk, leaving about fifteen leaves, 
taking off about seven leaves. 
Kplents on Ilorwc*. 
As tlie column* of the Rural Nkw-Yokkkk are open to 
give all the information you can to yonng and old, and a* I 
am a beginner io life, 1 am In need of information in regard 
to splents on horses tegs. What is the cause? I* it apt to 
produce lameness, or cause tho horse to stumble, Ac.? If 
curable, wind, is the remedy and treatment? Any informa¬ 
tion Trom you will he thankfully received by — A Suusukiiiicr, 
Solano Co., CaUfomiU, Dec., !8<W. 
Splknt is a very common disease, and is situated 
between the large and small metacarpal bones, and 
generally on the inside. In the young animal these 
hones arc connected by ligamentous substances which 
become inflamed and the excited vessels throw out a 
bony deposit. This would seem to bo an effort of 
nature to strengthen the parts by ossification. The 
bony substance being deposited under the periosteum, 
or covering of tho bone, puts it upon tho stretch, 
causing pain, and lameness follows. .Should the ossi¬ 
fying process be slow, lameness is not usually exiiib 
ited. The location of the disease has much to do 
with producing lameness. If situated nearly midway 
between tho knee and fetlock, tho gait of the horse 
would not he affected, hut if near the knee joint they 
stiffen and cramp its action, aud if low down they 
interfere witli the play of the back sinews. 
Causes.. We are not ready to indicate the causes 
of this disease. Veterinarians are by no means cer¬ 
tain, and this doubting lias led to much speculation. 
It may come from a blow, or injury in the form of a 
sprain. It may be the result of predisposition in the 
breed, and to this constitutional tendency Henry 
William Herbert inclined. 
Treatment.- English veterinarians claim to have 
been most successful in its removal by the operation 
of periosteotomy, which consists in making a small 
incision through the skin at the upper and lower 
parts of the splcnt, passing up a small, narrow knife, 
and so cutting down on and dividing the periosteum, 
thus relieving the tension and irritation. A small 
seton from one incision to the other is used for two 
or three weeks to keep up a counter irritation. In 
very slight cases a blister may be applied with good 
results. Iodide of mercury, ono drachm, and one 
ounce of palm oil, are most suitable for this purpose. 
Dr. Daihi objects to the manner of treatment just 
given. He says:—“Some surgeons blister for the 
cure of splent; others saw oil' the tumor; and peri¬ 
osteotomy has been resorted to in view of cure; but, 
unfortunately, splent is no more curable than spavin 
when once the cartilage is converted into bone; and 
as, in the majority of eases, it is but an eyesore, and 
detracts but little from tho value, and still less on the 
score of usefulness of the liorse, it may be well to 
pause ere we operate for the cure of an incurable 
disease.” We give Dr. D.’s mode of procedure:— 
“In the early stages, supposing some inflammatory 
symptoms present, we rcBort to cooling, evaporating 
lotionB; these are various. The following will prob- 
I'LANT HEADY TO TO! 1 ; PLACK FOR TOPPING, b. 
After topping, break off all the suckers. In about 
another week, go over again, breaking off’ suckers 
and killing worms. In another week repeat the 
operation. 
TOBACCO PLANT IN PULL BLOSSOM. 
The cultivation of Tobacco, as a crop, was com¬ 
menced in this county in 1845, by Chester Mores and 
Nahum Grimes, both of tho town of Marcellus. By 
the census of 1855, It appears that in tho preceding 
year there were raised, in tho whole county, 471 j 
acres, yielding 654,987 pounds; which gives, as the 
average yield, 1,178 pounds to the acre. It is thought 
that thiH crop pays a better profit, on suitable ground, 
when skilfully handled, than any other raised here. 
Expensive buildings are first necessary; then high 
PLANT AFTKIC TOPPING. 
By tliis time tlie crop is ready to begin the harvest. 
This may be known by the suckers which start at 
every leaf, and when they have all appeared down to 
the lower leaf, tho plant is ready to cut, every sucker 
having been removed as it appeared. Tho stalks are 
cut at the root. In a warm day cut in the morning 
aud evening. In the rniddlo of a hot day, the leaves 
iT.vl 
■ u/j 
