Presto. 
EARLY 
In the early history of our country, when the 
ludians roamed over our forests and prairies, ready to 
attack the settlers for the purpose of revenging any 
real or imagined injury, or for the purpose of plun¬ 
der, it became necessary to provide means to suc¬ 
cessfully resist those sudden and often unexpected 
attacks. One plan adopted was to build what was 
called a Block-House, or Log Fort, in every settle¬ 
ment, to which the inhabitants could resort at the 
_ first alarm. These lllock- 
ted lor defence, a-. :l few 
‘h unerring ritles could keop 
at bay a large party of 
r l Indians, while the women 
4,1,1 chii ‘ ,r, ' n wcr ° fr «® 
i froin < lan S er - They were 
„ ir.miH *•*> Skals. Ancient and Modern, innswawo 
C<>I> 1"Described With a retell of the History of Coins and 
CofonmL Ii.-tniction* for Voung Collectors, Tables of Com- 
tttritv. ,vo_ Edited by V C. PRIM*, ««th.r of 
P Tl*U Life in' Egypt" and Vubia Tent Life in the Holy 
I*nd " New York: Marper Ik brothers— tSbl. 
Turks is now among many a strong fancy for coin collect¬ 
ing like other similar fancies this may become a diseased 
„ ,«.-ion- But. guided by adequate knowledge and good sense, 
the collecting of coins may be a pleasant diversion, and con 
duce to the improvement of the Individual and the preserva¬ 
tion and diffusion or historical knowledge. As soon aa a peo 
pie begin to b« civilized they begin to trade. Aa soon aa they 
bfCin to trade they begin to invent some contrivance to serve 
m money, or a representative of value for the purposes of 
exchange. Shells, beads, pieces of iron, or the skins of fur 
hearing animals, answer this purpose in the rudimentary 
conditions of society. But a very little advance in knowledge 
of the arte anil experience of the necessities i>C trade have 
uniformly led to the employment of the precious metala. 
When a unit of value has been established and fixed by the 
weight and fineness of the pieces of metals nsod, some stamp 
or coinage mark indicating the weight and fineness is natu 
rally adopted. This is generally done by the authority of 
government, and the money then passes current by govern 
mental authority, and becomes a legal tender in disputes an ) 
i a courts of law. It will Is- seen at a glance that the history 
of coinage is part and parcel of the history of trade and civil 
iration As coins have lieen generally dated and marked by 
tome allusion to the chief authority or reigning sovereign, 
they have often settled dates, and become of definite value in 
ascertaining-*dynasties and connecting periods with each 
other. The execution of the coinage furnishes an iltustra 
tlon or the progress of the arts throng U different period* and 
in different countries. A collection of coins reveals to the 
eye of the connoisseur a clear idea of the state of the fine _ 
wp) i M the mechanical arts through the period which the 
collection covers. This manual, prepared by Mr. Priuk, 1 
furnishes as much knowledge of Numismatics, or the science 
of coins, ns most persons can afford the time to acquire. It 
seems to have been prepared with much pains taking. The 
engraving Is well done, and the book, taken as a whole, is an ^ 
excellent manual Tor the collector, and adequate introduction 1 
to a branch of curious antiquarian learning upon which 
numbers of books have been written. For sale by Btkeus, 
Avkby fa Co. 
Considkrationh on some of the Klcmiinte and Conditions of 
Social Welfare and Unman Progress. Being Academic and 
Occ-isionnl Discourses and other Pieces. Lv C. b. IIknut, 
Ti p [pp. 415 ] Now York ' I>. Appleton fa Co. 
This work, ns the title indicates, is a collection of miscel¬ 
lanies. The articles are, however, united by a community iu 
tone and aim, and are very properly collected in the same 
volume. There is, however, one exception to this remark. 
The earlier and the later articles, while pervaded by the 
name scholarly enthusiasm and moral spirit, show that there 
has been iu the author's mind something like a change from 
a strong sympathy with conservatism to the position of an 
ardent reformer. This change is typical of the process 
through which the minds Of mnny men have passed within a 
few years. No one who knows Dr. Hk.miY can doubt the 
purity of Ills patriotism and the sincerity of his convictions 
in whatever changes hismind hasundergono. The discourses 
are elevated and scholarly in character, affluent and flowing 
in diction, full of enthusiasm for high education, and a lofty 
scorn for alt that tends to degrade or underval.io elegant 
culture. The thinly disguised allusion In one of there dis¬ 
courses to the distinguished editor of the Tribune, is not 
calculated to enhance our estimate of Ills authority on the 
aims or methods of education. As a piece of good-natured 
satire, it strikes home with telling force. The articles on 
President-making are worthy of careful study by those who 
we seeking for tbn causes of our national disintegration. 
The article on Politics and the Pulpit U an eloquent defence 
of the right and duty of the pulpit to discum political ques¬ 
tions in their moral aspects and bearing*. This volume la 
worthy of careful study by all thoughtful men, and is an 
admirable illustration of tbo intimate wdatiou of high culture 
from thee Draws not a 
Parting is 
Part- ixig is m. 
2. Winter, good bye, 
miT Parting is nigh • 
lt[|: And if you longer stay, 
—The birds will quickly say. 
Winter, good-bye, Ac. 
3. Winter, good-bye, 
Parting is nigh; 
ZirE Then haste, and quickly go, 
it;: With all your ice and snow. 
■ Winter, good-bye, Ac. 
[From Mason’s Normal Singer, by permission 
* U V 
’art-ing is 
Its chords have vibrated with the theory of that action of the fins may be considered 
the neonle in all ages.* The Alpine unsupported by fact. Zoning in 
also remarked that the tish, when Keeping t 
' * ' -a great distance; 
i, and it turned round, 
apparently performed by the tail, 
dod about the 
It was 
a direct line of (light, proceeded for 
hut when this was deviated from, t— 
(which action wu» i.. _ _ 
not by the pectoral litis,) it only proccc _ 
length of a yard anil dropped into the water. I ho 
greatest length of time I have soon them tly has been 
thirty-two seconds, and their longest flight from 200 
to 250 yards. The Flying-fish has a steady flight, re¬ 
sembling that of some birds, but when pursued by 
enemies, or frightened by the passage ol the ship 
through the water, it loses this graceful style of voli 
tutiou, its (light, becomes hurried, irregular and awk¬ 
ward,—a kind of scrambling pace,—and it frequently 
drops Into the water and again renews its flight in 
tlm same unsteady manner. When a largo shoal ot 
them emerged at the same time trom the sea, it was 
perceived that some of them dropped immediately, 
others passed over a distance of twenty yards and 
fell, while the rest continued a steady flight of 170 to 
200 yards, and passed out of sight. Their tong pec¬ 
toral tins or wings have the rays united by it line, 
delicate membrane, flexible and transparent; the 
color of this membrnno varies, and some have the 
ventral fins so largo as to appear to have four wings. 
(Jatherin tts of a Naturalist in Australasia. 
and put into the ground like fence-posts, but dost? 
together. The upper ends wore sharpened, and the 
whole fastened together with green withes or other 
oontrivauoeB to mako a strong fence. While enjoy¬ 
ing the fruits of the toils and sacrifices of the early 
settlers Of this country, it is well that we should 
occasionally look back to the history of their suffer¬ 
ings, us It will give us a better realization of the 
glorious privileges we enjoy. The neat little engrav¬ 
ings given in this artielo and others that we have 
before published, are taken from that highly inter¬ 
esting and instructive work, Lobsino’8 History of tlm 
United States. 
instrument is not broken — the music is not lost 
the right soul knows that it will yet burst forth 
— no one knows whether in years or iu ages in 
more swelling and universal symphonies —and in the 
great contra-dance of nations they will take theii 
measure from Yankee Doodle, and constitutional 
liberty will marshal the sets and call the figures. 
Thk Illustrated Norsk Doctor Being an Accurate and 
Detailed Accent of the Various DbldBOs t 0 which the 
Equine Race arc Subjected; together with the Latest Mode 
of Treatment, and all the Requisite Prescriptions, Written 
in Plain English. Bv Edward Mavtiimv, M. R. C. ' • 
author of ‘The Horse’s Month Doga: their Manage¬ 
ment,” Editor of '• Blais's Veterinary Art, etc. Ulus 
trated with more than Four Hundred Representations. 
[ S V .,_f>p. 5315. | New York: D. Appleton fa Co. (k rom the 
Publishers. 
Tint PaiNoiri ss ok Brkkdini!; or. Ole 
logical Laws involved in the iteprO 
ment of Domestic Animals. By 8. L. ,, . - 
„{ the Maine Board of Agriculture, [pp. 164. J Boston. 
Cmsby, Nichols, Lee fa Co. 
Oi.n Mackinaw or. Tho Fortress of the Lakes and it* But 
roundim/*. By W. P. Strioki.anu. [l2mo.—pp. 4<W. 
Philadelphia: James Challen fa Son. Rochester—D akrow 
Since the fiat of the Creator which drove our first 
parents from the Harden of Eden, work has been 
ordained for man, and from tho decree, by the sweat 
of thy brow shalt thou live, there seems to be no 
escape. Work either of tho mind or body is ono of 
the necessities of our being. God, when he issued 
his decree, seems at tho sarao time to have implanted 
in our very nature a necessity to fulfill that decree. 
That command, then, has not only the forco of a 
decree, but also that of an absolute necessity on onr 
part. Bhould wo not then submit with becoming 
humility to the decree, and be active rather than idle. 
Tim farmer, as ho proceods to plow and sow his 
fields, sees all nature aglow with activity and beauty, 
I —tho tiny grass-blade awaking from its winter’s 
i Bleep, directing Its bpire upward to moot the ftret ray 
nun, as well as to point him to that 
who rnaketh the grass to grow,—the 
heir trunks to take out their supply of 
'u.i rov"' humor ia it8 l )ower ° r “Pishing it strong,' ana 
ttecratary drawing the long bow. It it* the humor of exaggera¬ 
tion. This consists of fattening up a joke until it is 
rotund and rubionnd, unctuous and Irresistible as 
Falstaff himself, who was created by Shakspeare, and 
fed fat, so as to become for all time the ver£ imper¬ 
sonation of humor in a state of corpulence. That 
place in the geography of the United States called 
“Down East” has beer, mt-. prolific in the m<m- 
tlicir secondary lease; how many worthy nave ac¬ 
quired an unworthy. Thus " knave ’’ once meant no 
more than lad, (nor does it now in German mean 
more;) ‘-villain” than peasant; a “boor" was only 
a farmer; a “varlet” was but a serving-man; a 
“menial” one of tlm “many” or “household;” a 
“churl ” but a strong fellow; a “ minion ” a favorite:, 
“man is God’s dourest minion,” (Sylvester.) “Tlrae- 
Borver” was used 200 years ago quite as often for ono 
in an honorable us in a dishonorable sense, “serving 
the time.” “Conceits” had once nothing conceited 
in them; “officious” had reference to offices of kind- | 
ness, and not to busy meddling; “ moody ” was that 
which pertained to ft man's mood, without any gloom 
or sullennesR implied. “Demare” (det motors, of 
good manners) conveyed no hint, as it does now, of 
an overdoing of the outward demonstration*of mod¬ 
esty. In “crafty” find “cunning” there was noth¬ 
ing of crooked wisdom implied, but only knowledge 
and skill; “ craft,” Indeed, still retains very often its 
more honorable use, a man’s “craft” being bis skill, 
Bryant and Stratton’s Commercial Law kor uisinehs 
jTkn _Including Merchants, Farmers, Mechanic*, etc , and 
a Book of JL-fe reuce for th- Legal Probhwion, a( apted to 
all the State* of the Union, to be used ^ n J v 
Law Schools and Commercial Colleges. By Amos Dkan 
EL. I)., Professor of Law iu the Law Department of the 
University of Albany. New York: D. Appleton & ” 
The long title ot tbl* book give*) t» a description of the 
TU„. Tti.iv he different oniniOD* among members 
water to cool themselves. Only there do they travel 
Ho fast that the signal-whistle is of no use for their 
engines, because, on one occasion ftt least, the train 
was in, and smashed in a collision, long before tho 
sound of tho whistle got there! Duly there can a 
blow be struck so “slick" as to take an animal’s ear 
off with aucb ease, that the animat does not know be 
is one ear short until he puts bis forefoot up to 
scratch it. Only there, surely, arc the thieves so 
’cute that they drew a walnut log right out of its 
hark, and left five Blecpy watchers all nodding aa 
they sat astride a tunnel of walnut-wood rind. North 
Carolina, we suppose, can not be “ Down East,” else 
sonic of the stories that “Skit” tells in his “Fisher’s 
River Scenes and Characters ’’ have the old family 
features as like aa two peas. Charles Lamb's idea of 
the worst possible inconvenience of being in a world 
of total darkness was, that, after making a pun, you 
would have to put out your hand and grope over the 
listener's face, to feel if he was enjoying it. It would 
graph from a work recently issued by Appleton A 1 
Co., entitled “ A Run through Europe,” of which 
Erastus C. Benedict, Esq., is the author, has a tone 
that is very refreshing: 
“ In the quiet of the evening, as I sat in my room, 
looking broadly out upon Trafalgcr Square, my 
thoughts ran back over my rapid zigzag run through 
Continental Europe, and naturally and inevitably 
compared the free constitutional popular monarchy 
of England with imperial France, imperious Austria, 
and bigoted Italy. I thought of the great battles 
of modern timeB—those terrible days of slaughter 
that have taken their names from the fields soaked 
with human blood — not one of them was tought on 
British soil, though in some of them the British 
soldier was in the thickest of the battle, and, under 
British leaders, covered their arms with glory. The 
statues of George IV and Charles I were fadingUu 
the twilight, and the lion of the Percy’s high born 
race, and the lofty column and sculptured monament 
of Nelson, whose greatest achievement gave its name 
to the square, were duskily relieved against the sky. 
[ was in that dreamy mood In which the will seems 
to give up the mind to the control of association, and 
images come and go with as little sequence as the 
phantasmagoria of actual dreams — Arms and Liter¬ 
ature —Chevy Chase, and Bannockburn, and Marston 
Moor— anfi the Boyne, and Wellington, and Crom¬ 
well, and Marlborough, and Nelson, came and went, 
till arrested by the strain of a strolling musician, who, 
1 with a gentle instrument like a flageolet, whose tones 
1 were quite in harmony with my thoughts, struck up 
the air of Yaukee Daodle. Let any one, who for 
‘ months baa been absorbed with scenes ao unlike any- 
t thing American, judge how, for a moment, every- 
t thing European would vanish even more quickly 
than a phantasmagoria, and home, and friends, and 
country — the success of our arms, and the pride of 
our national glory, would fill his heart with the joy 
of affection, and his eye with those waters that well 
up from the deepest springs of the soul —I was 
entirely overcome by it. 1 remember freshly when 
it was fashionable to laugh at Yankee Doodle, as a 
vulgar air, written to make fun of our extempore 
Yankee soldiers of olden time. How- it was written 
by Dr. Shackburgb, or some one else, and given to 
need to neutralize the value of a book like this. The know! 
edge of general principles which this book contains, cannot 
fail to be of use to the business man in the conduct ot his 
affairs, in settling questions of right and wrong, where doubt 
arises, and in pointing out the natural method of adjusting 
difficulties and preventing lawsuit*. At a manual of educa 
tion for those iu preparation tor business life, it wilt doubtless 
be -valuable. The reputation of tfie author, aa a lawyer and 
teacher, is a sufficient guarantee that the work has been well 
and correctly prepared For sale by b. Hall fa Bbo. 
original decree, and sustai 
only true nobleman. 
Joi'dunrille, February, 1W1 
Ingenuity ok an Insect.— Being In the habit ot 
rising early, I have my breakfast table got ready over 
night. On sitting down this morning, a remarkable 
circumstance attracted ray attention. About twelve 
the table, and over the sugar basin, I saw 
Fast-Day Sermons, or. The fuipn on mo oiaie 
Country, [pp. 336.] New York Rudd & Carlton. 
Tins book impresses a thoughtful man with an emotion of 
deep sadness. It is the fearful proof of tho broad chasm 
which ha* grown up between the North and the South, and 
furniBhea more than a glimpse of one of the most powerful 
causes of the present state of our country. In the extreme 
views coining from tho North and Senth on the subject of 
slavery, we hare a sad exhibition of what may be called 
eeographical morality. The obvious sopbirtry and want of 
L : L __..L I, a• trr.mos nf 
THE YEAH 1860. 
BunEi.y another year has flown by as onjthe wings 
of the wind. It has gone, laden with many mementoes 
of real, every-day life, and 1'anoifol imaginings. 
Could it speak, it would tell of many a Bad thought, 
ones. Many a’looking 
Where Wealth Begins. inches from 
Wealth begins in ft tight roof that keeps the suspended In mid-air two small lumps of sugar about 
rain ami wind out; in a good pump that ylelda you the size of large peas. At first 1 felt much surprise, 
plenty of »weet water; in two suits of clothes, ho to for I looked, and looked, and looked again; but sugar 
change your dress when you are wet; in dry sticks to it was, and there they were — a tact. I blew at them, 
burn; in a good double wick lamp, 00d three meals; they moved, like the pendulum of a clock, but what 
In a horee, or a locomotive, to cross tho land; in a held them i could not see. I thought of Mahomet h 
boat to cross the sea; in tools to work with; in books tomb being suspended between hoaven and eat'th^; 
to read; and so in giving on all sides, bytoolBand then I 
auxiliaries, the greatest possible extension to our world 
powers, as if it added feet, and hands, and eyes, and 
blood, length to the day, and knowledge, and good- 
will.— 1 ‘ Conduct of Life” by Ralph Waldo Emerson. 
and many, very many, joyous 
forward into the unseen future, with fond hopes and 
bright anticipations, made life very dear; and the 
world, beautiful aslt ia, enchained our attention with 
living realities, prompting to noble i in pulses, {earnest 
resolves, and the ardent purposes of youth, with 
which Life and health have nerved us. 
And now, having bid the year departed a kindly 
farewell, we can hut hope that the new year which 
that the busy little I has dawned upon us may bo fraught with i* rich 
blessings, joyous anticipations, and happy realities, 
as was tho past, and ull be spent in noble deeds, 
good works, Christian zeal and fidelity. 
Let our motto ever be, “Onward and Upward,” 
through all the varying changes of our lives, and let 
“ Duty point with outstretched tigners 
Every soul to action high,— 
Woe betide the soul that lingers, 
Onward, onward, is tho cry." 
Truly, the past has been an eventful year. Stirring 
and exciting times in the Government,—States aeeod- 
ing, and the Union, so long the boast of Americans 
and freemen, on the brink of dissolution. Verily! 
However, I lil ted the can¬ 
dle up to the ceiling, arid away ran a aider along the 
ceiling, which at once told me 1' ’ . 
thing had been to work in the night. 1 then closely 
examined, and saw that each lump was suspended by 
a single thread or web of the spider, and whom I 
must have disturbed, or he would have had them up 
in his icrial abode before long. 
Christian Nurture. By Horacb uushnell. 
407.] New York: CTutrleS Scribner 
This work was first published more thxn a dozen years ago, 
and gave rise to a very brisk theological controversy. It had 
passed out of print, and is now re issued with large additions 
intended to confirm and illustrate tho positions orlglnully 
taken in ihe work. It is designed to fnrnish a philosophical 
and theological basi* for the doctrine of Infant Baptism. 
Very many Christians, who are believers in Infant Baptism, 
will hesitate to accept the principles on which Dr Blsjinki.J. 
defends it Apart from its peculiar positions, the book con¬ 
tains much discussion on the training of children, which will 
be read with great profit and interest by all persons interested 
in the subject Dt. Bvbunkli. ia a brilliant writer and an 
original thinke r If his w orks do not always carry conviction, 
they are sure to excite interest and suggest thought Sold 
in Rochester by K. Dakrow & Uuo. 
How to get sleep 
A Remedy for Sleki'lessnesh 
is to many persons a matter of great importance. 
Nervous persons, who arc troubled with wakefulness 
and excitability, usually have a tendency of blood on 
the brain, with cold extremities. The pressure of 
the blood on the brain keeps it in a stimulated or 
wakefuistate, and thff pulsations in the headare ofteu 
painful. Let such rise and chafe the body and ex¬ 
tremities with a brush or towel, or rub smartly with 
the hands, to promote circulation, and withdraw the 
excessive amount of blood from the brain, and they 
will fall asleep in a few moments. A cold bath, or a 
sponge bath and rubbing, or a good run, or a rapid 
walk in the open air, or going up or down stairs a 
few times just before retiring, will aid in equalizing 
circulation and promoting sleep. These rules are 
simple, and easy of application in castle or cabin, 
mansion or cottage, and may minister to the comfort 
of thousands who would freely expend money for an 
anodyne to promote “ Nature’s Bweet restorer, balmy 
Tuk Edisbi kub Rsyikw. American Edition. Volume L1V. 
No. I. New York Kspriuted by Leonard Scott fa Co. 
Tuk January issue of tbl* Review contains ten article*, a* 
follows:—Church Expansion aud liturgical Revision; Japan 
and the Japanese; The Victoria Bridge; Political Ballads of 
England and Scotland; Ocean Telegraphy; Autobiography of 
Dr. A. Carlyle; Motley’s History of tho United Netherlands; 
Forbes and Tyndall on the Aip* and their Glaciers; The King¬ 
dom of Italy; Naval Organizations. Here U, most assuredly, 
enough of good, substantial reading, with sufficient variety, 
to suit the literary want* of any one. Dkwky, Agent 
Dar SommkRh 
Bustle is nothindustry, any morelthan impudence 
ia courage. 
