wiwmwML «r —■ ™ s shouU * 7“ d 
at \ ^ Wc nave not time to give a list of the most desira- 
~ -- ble shrub# tor tilt lawn, out will do ho next week, 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. together with direction* for making borders, Ac. 
------ 4- * • >■ 
In previous numbers we have given general rules DETERIORATION OF FRUIT TREES. 
to be observed in planting seeds, and also pointed - 
out some errors to be avoided. We purpose in this TaE causes 0 f the deterioration of tree fruits are, 
and future numbers to give directions somewhat more excessive cropping of the orchards by grain- 
specific for the management of the Flower flarden. growinp . f avraer3 with but a scanty supply of 
What we say will no doubt seem very common-place mam)re8) w hien robs the surface soil of the fertiliz- 
to gardeners and amateurs ot experience, hut such i D g elements obtained from the manures, the utmos- 
must remember that our object iB the general good. phere and lhe ra j ns an d snows, that give thrift to the 
the dissemination of knowledge and taste among the ^ re&8 lind me n 0 wness to their fruits. The trees being 
masses of the people in whose souls the Author of thus deprived of such food to incorporate in their 
manures, whien robs the surface soil of the fertiliz¬ 
ing elements obtained from the manures, the atmos¬ 
phere and the rains and snows, that give thrift to the 
trees and mellowness to their fruits. The t rees being 
locality, and but very little fruit may be expected from the | 
Isabella except from buds closely connected with the old vine. 
The above announcement, I am well aware, will be received 
with some hesitation and much regret; but so far as my'ox 
animation of the fruit buds is concerned, I am constrained 
to admit the fact.—H N. Lanoworth v. Greece, near Soc/uvter. 
March. 1861. 
To Sa v r Treks from Mice, &r. —To prevent miee or other 
vermin from eating the biuk of irees, take, in the fall, soil 
from the privy vault, and thin it with water. Then lake a 
broom and give your trees a good washing, which will not 
only keep the mice from eating the hark, but will do consider¬ 
able benefit to the trees by taking ot! all the moss and rust, 
and leaving the hark clear and idean when washed off by rain 
in the spring. If the gases be too strong for the nostrils, do 
not lose the benefit on Unit account. Take wood charcoal for 
a deodorizer. It certainly is a true saving, that prevention is 
thus deprived of such food to incorporate in their I better than cure; and there is another saying equally tr 
PRESIDENT LINCOLN’S INAUGURAL. 
Fel/otr Citizens of the United States 
In compliance with a custom as old as the Govern¬ 
ment itself, 1 appear before yon to address you 
briefly, ami I take in your presence the oath pre¬ 
scribed by the Constitution of the United Stales to 
be taken by the President before lie enters on the 
execution of his office. 
T do not consider it accessory at present for mo to 
discuss those matters of administration about which 
there is no special anxiety. Apprehension seems to 
exist among the people of the Southern States that 
by the accession of a Republican administration, 
their property and peace and permanent security are 
among the people that, object, while strict, legal right 
may exist for the Government to enforce the exercise 
of these offices. The attempt to do so would be so 
irritating, and so nearly impracticable withal, that f 
deem it better to forego, for the time, the uses of 
such offices. 
The mails, unless molested, will continue to be 
furnished in nil parts of the Union. So fnr as possi¬ 
ble the people everywhere shall have that sense of 
perfect security which is most favorable to calm 
thought and reflection. The course here indicated 
will be followed, unless current events and experi¬ 
ence shall show a modification or change to be 
proper, and in every use and exigency my best dis¬ 
cretion will be exercised, according to the circum¬ 
stances actually existing, and with a view and a hope 
of n peaceful solution of national troubles, and the 
restoration of fraternal sympathies ftnd alfectlons. 
That there are persons in one section or another who 
seek to destroy the Union at-all events, and are glad 
[ of any pretext to do it, t will neither affirm nor deny. 
- ... Kadnf! fn 1 , T l, ucil ......... . ...... i iii, i m,' ii „ ****■• p| any pretext ID UO IV, W111 111 1 U OCI »* n I Ml HIM lie ll V. 
Beauty has implanted an innate love ot tue oeautirui, system W jth harsher matter taken up by the descend- that the cure is sometimes worse than the disease tarring , to ll( . endangered. There has never,been any reason- | n„t if there, be suc.li, 1 need address no word to them. 
which needs only to be watered to be awakened into j n g roo tg from the subsoil, become diseased, and are 
life and activity. The flowers of the field, all the unR)jle to sustain the great number of brandies 
glories of inanimate nature, were made for our enjoy- f ormed w j ten j a a young and thrifty state of growth, 
ment and profit, and He who created them gave us qq ie nlattor taken up by the descending roots from 
natures capable of receiving from their contempla- ^| ie g U Lsoil gives strength and solidity to the trees, 
tion the most sublime pleasure, and the highest good. and ac idity to their fruits, while the surface soil 
We. all feel this yearning for the beautiful. Few pass gj ves luxuriance to the trees, and mellowness, sweet- 
a well-kept garden, with its velvety grass and flow- neaa and davor to their fruits. A union of these 
ering shrubs, or its beds of gay flowers, but are gj ves thrift and longevity to the trees and improves 
impelled by this principle of their natures to slacken tde q Ua .]|t,y of fruit produced. So much are skillful 
their speed, or pause for a moment to do homage at g ardenera impressed with the truth of this, that they 
Flora’s shrine. Often such will say— “ Could I have 0 ff* pnr t 0 f ^ ap roo t 3 of seedling trees when poisonous, and in some persons oven edible mushrooms will 
such a garden, or even a few choice flowers, how they transplant them, so as to make them send forth produce disorder of the stomach and bowels/ ' The English 
delighted I would be;’' and yet, perhaps, they have latPrft , f00t8 in diffevcnt directions, to gather more Gardener’s Chronicle, alluding to the above ease, remarks 
all the means necessary for just sueb a display, or nutviment than lhe tap roots cou ld furnish. They that not only is 11 ******* the wholesome 
one even greater. To these, we know o n plain prac thag enlarge the quantity and increase the fertility of of of xvhicll mllv eaton with impunity, 
tical hints will be of more valne than a lengthy essay, ^ gllrface 8oi j by deep digging, trenching and whiK , oth ,, rrt are injurious, as, for instance, the. Braxillan 
or fine descriptions ol new and raic pio uc ions. manuring, so as to keep up the equilibrium of the Cherry, und the Deadly Nightshade, both oi'which belong 
The best soil for the garden is a mellow loam, but ma n er3 f or j be henefit of both the trees and their to the Solunncett, or potato family. 
almost any fair soil can^be made suitable tby fruit. Trees so treated are products of nature and Soi-anum Oapsicabtrcm.—T ina is a neat little plant, chiefly 
deep digging, and enriching with good .Ul manure, ^ Good gardeners do not plant trees with their valuable for producing in abundance its pretty little truit in 
or compost made of stable manure, eaves, y roots above the ground, but with their Collar on ft autumn and winter. The berries are bright scarlet, glossy 
lonm, Ac. If the soil is heavy, sand and ashes may j eve j w itb the surface. They first examine the sur- and round, about the size of a cherry. It requires similar 
be applied with advantage. The compost or manure, ^ ce aQ( j Bubso j| i and then plant just such trees as treatment to die capsicum. Sow the seeds iu a hot-bed in 
if well mixed with the soil, will mellow it, and work t ], v j ve tberc . When the subsoil is largely March, or in the house in April. Trick offthe seedlings singly 
a decided change In its texture in a few years. The char „ ed w j th ferruginous matter, it immediately and plant, to a large pot, when necessary. Rich sandy loam 
thorough preparation of the soil Is a very important " ^ ^ canker an(1 „ d rot>! , and no power will suit it well- In tea autumn it will be covered with its 
matter; in fact, the foundation of all good culture * ^ cm gav0 them when they touch it. briKht gCttr,<,t ^ 
and must not be slighted. We would recommend , , , Apolooktic. — In consequence of the pressure upon our 
that the ground should be dug eighteen inches deep PruHmg.-b armcre do not prune their fruit trees #f important politi( „ ll news—which all are anxious 
for the first time, but afterwards for two years the to remove too great a ciop, nor * o toy sciapi. o to read iu the present crisis of the country—we are compelled 
denth of a spado or fork will answer, when it should the moss and rough bark to save the trees fiom resigo a portion of the space devoted to Horticultural mat¬ 
in- a cain dun ei ah teen inches, or it would be better becoming “bark bound,” nor wash them with solu- u . r . This will account for the non-appearance of several 
for a dentil of two feet With each digging, manure tions to wanl off inHeot9 and “ Bim Htroke -" AU<1 90 matters P«P ared for this » ttrabw i for which our fr!en,ls ,nliy 
riunU X worked in. Thi. may be conaidered their frail, dwindle ihU, m,i 8 »Uo.n«. A. well kWh, 
,ro„lde.ome. when eonrpared with the labor lhrme re may they eapeet Ure.r Alderney, Unrlmm and Ayr- , . , _ , 
ordinarily give their land; bat it n,».t he remem- .hint cows to continue the,r «per,only over other |J n p, mS | aKlt gUWMtWS. 
bored that in the garden everything me.t he grown breed, and keep IM from - hide bound," hollow 
in the hichest perfection. In a quarter of an acre of horn an(1 scu, ’ v y» if fed u P on stuiw 0,l| y' m w,ntei ' Gbowino Craxbkruiks.—By reading an article in tho last 
- \ tii . at mid without cleuniijc utul currying* and on poor, volume ol (be Kcral, by K. ^tavto.v, of Hay City. lfio.lj..I 
vegetable garden, we should grow as much as the was Induced to get u few cranberry plants to try my lack in 
farmer obtains from ten times this amount of land, weedy pastures in summer, without a tree to shade that line. I went thirty miles into Canada, into n wild marali. 
. , i I( ~ *.■. ,, n v. tin*nKcIui *4 AcTainftt_- n .4 to thflir und irol ftbout two huiinv®d pbtnt^, und net thoni out ubout 
while, if we would obtain flowers such as are de- or to mb themselves against, as to expect men th)? wcok in jMliy . , had to keep tbs hoe pretty busy to 
scribed in irardenintr iournals, or are figured in fruit trees to flourish and yield abundant crops of keep the weeds down, hut some <tf uiy vine* grew three feet 
. . , „ „,f of r, 5 „ 0 M.em the verv best of large and mellow fruits when deprived of an essential h-ugtb test summer, and in the full I picked thirty well 
colored plates, we must give mem tue \ciy west oi b * ^rown bt*rm*jf from the now* I ptant^d ln*t May Hum any 
fare This is the reasou why some persons are sorely part ot their subsistence and proper care. Some any bent that? If #o, let «a hear from tbam. I wish to hear 
disappointed. They read descriptions of choice farmers keep their orchards too many years under i~t"m 
things, and purchase the seeds or the plants at a high sod, which deprives tbt trees ot culture; the grass 
price, but they arc not what they were led to expect, takes up all lhe ammonia and other fertilizing cle- 
The description is of flowers well grown; they have ments from the surface soil, and all the air the soil 
given no more care than they would to a cabbage or obtains is by worm boles; the roots are smothered, 
a hill of corn. Hence the difference. the tree gets, diseased, and their fruits become 
For the front of the bouse, there is nothing so worthless, 
appropriate aud beautiful as well-kept grass, with a The Causes of the scarcity oj f ruits are deteriora- 
V■* m.wcrtng utinriiB, and tr l*. 9 vvi.on S it, t.« S K»n i««4 — U -f «»ut *rcba,.l* l»y neglect, fruit 
trees and others that only attain a small size, like the trees have not been planted in a corresponding ratio 
Mountain Ash. If the grounds are large enough, the with the increase of our population; the losses 
lawn may extend around the sides of the house, caused by the death of many trees after planting, 
Without great labor it is almost impossible to make owing to the unprepared state ot the soil, an 
flower beds look well at all times. Early iu the improper method of planting and cropping the lands 
spring, for instance, tho ground is bare and uninvit- close to the trees immediately utter they are planted; 
ing, and remains so for a long time. But, grass the many disappointments caused by planting varie- 
becomes green and pleasant in a few days after the ties unsuited to certuin soils and localities, and many 
snow is gone, and in fact never looks bad, while the turning out to be spurious varieties; the wftfit of ft 
evergreens give a lively appearance at all (seasons of proper knowledge ot the nature ol trees by fanners, 
the year. In April or May the leaves of the decidu- and the ravages of insects by the destruction of 
ons shrubs appear, and with them, and in some varie- insectivorous birds; the plundering of orchards by 
ties even before the loaves, the gay blossoms are seen, crowds of Sabbath-breakers around cities, towns and 
and from this until .Inly, no day will pass without villages; the extravagant prices of grain and dairy 
flowers. Every day some new shrub puts on its boll- produce at times, stimulating farmers to their cxclu- 
trees will prevent miee from outing the hark, but it stops up 
the pores of tho liurk. which stunts tho trees in growth, nnd 
lavs the foundation of premature decay. This has always existed nnd been open to their inspection. It is 
been the result from my experience. — Robert Mouoi.as, found Ip nearly all tho published speeches of him 
a- v ism who now addresses you. I do but quote from ono of 
those speeches when 1 declare that I have no purpose, 
Bkwark op Toxsonots Mushrooms. —At a recent coroner's directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution 
inquest at Ipswich, England, the jury gave verdict of » Death f aIave y «»0 Stetes where it exists. I believe I 
1 . , , have no law lul right to do so, and I have no lnclimi- 
caused by eating poisonous mushrooms, and recommended tjon ^ ()<) go T g ofle who nom<n8tod and elected me, 
that great caution he exercised by persons eating this article. ( , i( , gf) wiWl H flll | knowledge that I liavo made this 
Dr. A. S Taylor, in his work on Medical Jurisprudence, Bays aad many similar declarations, and have never 
• there does not appear to bo any satisfhetory ruloe for dis- recanted ihern, and more than this, they placed in 
tinguishing the wholesome mushrooms from those which arc [the platform for my acceptance, and as it law for 
poisonous, aud in some persons oven edible mushrooms will themselves and to me, the clear aud emphatic resolu- 
nroduco disorder of the stomach and bowels." The English tions, which 1 now read: . 
‘ . . „ „„, “ Itesnlved, That tho maintenance, inviolate, nf 
Ganlcncr s Chronicle, alluding to the above case remarks tl .g ht8 of ’ lh e States, and especially the right of 
that not only .s It difficult to distinguish Hie wholesome sup- to order and control its own domestic in- 
from tin- poisonous mushrooms, hut there are other families according to its own judgment exclusively, 
| of plants, a portion of which maybe eaten with impunity, j 3 essential to that balance of power on which the 
while others are injurious, R«, for instance, the, Braxillan perfection and enduntnco of Dili! political fabric do¬ 
able cause for such apprehension. Indeed, the most | t 0 those, however, who really love the Union, may l 
ample evidence to the contrary has all the while , not spook before entering upon so grave a matter as 
the destruction of our national fabric with all its 
benefits, its memories, and its hopes? 
Would it not be well to ascertain why we do it? 
Will you hazard so desperate a step, while any por¬ 
tion of tho ills you fly from have no real existence? 
Will you. while tlm certain ills you fly to are greater 
than all the real ones you can form? Will you risk 
the commission of so fearful n mistake? All profess 
to be content in the Union if all constitutional rights 
can he maintained. Is it true, then, that any right 
plainly written in the Constitution has been denied? 
I think not. Happily the human mind is so con¬ 
stituted that no party can reach to the audacity of 
doing this. Think if you can of a single instance in 
which a plainly written provision of the Constitution 
has ever boon denied. 
If, by the mere force of numbers, a majority should 
deprive a minority of any clearly written Constitu¬ 
tional right, it might, in a. moral pointed’ view, justify 
revolution,—it certainly would if such right were a 
vital one, but such in not our case. All the vital 
rights of minorities and of Individuals are so plainly 
assured to them by affirmations and negations, guar¬ 
antees and prohibitions, in the Constitution, that 
controversies never arise concerning them; but no 
organic law can ever be found with a provision 
specifically applicable to every question which may 
occur in prnctldal administration, -no foresight can 
anticipate, nor any document of reasonable length 
contain express provisions for all possible questions. 
Shull fugitives from labor be surrendered by Na¬ 
tional nr State authorities? The Constitution does 
not expressly say. Must t 'ongress protect Slavery in 
the Territories? Tho Constitution does notexprcssly 
say. From questions of this class spring all our Con¬ 
stitutional controversies, and wc divide upon them 
into majorities and minorities. If the minority will 
not acquiesce, the majority must, ov the Government 
must cease. Tlo-re is u>i alternative for continuing 
the Government but acquiescence on the one side or 
the other. If a minority in such a case will secedo 
sod, which deprives tlte trees of culture; the grass 
takes up all the ammonia aud other fertilizing ele¬ 
ments from the surface soil, and all the air the soil 
obtains is by worm boles; the roots are smothered, 
the tree gets, diseased, and their fruits become 
worthless. 
Tlie Causes of the scarcity of Fruits are deteviora- 
; aaT f ot.l *rchsr<l* !>-* neglect. l-V-.lt 
trees have not been planted iu a corresponding ratio 
with the increase of our population; the losses 
caused by the death of many trees after planting, 
owing to the unprepared state of the soil, an 
Cherry, nml the Deadly Nightshade, both of which belong pend, and we denounce the lawless invasion, by vital one, but such is not our ease. All the vital 
to the SolnnaeoH. or potato family. armed force, of the soil nf any State or Territory, uo rights of minorities and of Individuals are so plainly 
matter under what pretext, as tho gravest of crimes.” assured to them by affirmations and negations, gnur- 
Soi.axitm OArsrcASTRi m.—T his is a neat little plant, chiefly I now reiterate these seulinienta, and in doing so T antees and prohibitions, in the Constitution, that 
valuable for producing in abundance its pretty little fruit in only press upon the public attention the most conclu- controversies never arise concerning them; but no 
autumn and winter. The berries ara bright scarlet, glossy sive evidence of which the case is susceptible, ibid organic, law can ever be found wiili a provision 
and round, about the size of a ekerrv. It requires similar property, peace and security of uo section are to specifically applicable to every question which may 
, ,, be tn any wise endangered by the now incoming occur m practical administration.—no foresight can 
treatment to tho capsicum. Sow the seeds m a hot bed m Aamin i st y ltirtll . | add ; too, that all the protection pate, nor any document of reasonable’length 
March, or in the house la April. Prick off the seedlings singly vvliicb, consistently with the Constitution and tlu* contain express provisions for all possible questions, 
and plant in a large pot, when necessary. Rich sandy- loam laws, can be given, will bo cheerfully given to all the Shall fugitive* from labor bo surrendered by Nil 
will suit it well In Urn autumn it will he covered with Itp States when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause,— tinnnl nr State authorities? The Constitution does 
bright scarlet berries. a * cheerfully to one section as to another, not expressly say. Must Congress protect Slavery in 
There is much controversy about the delivering up the Territories? Tho Constitution does notexprcssly 
ArouuiKTii:. — In consequence of the pressure upon our of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now H ay. From questions of this class spring all our Con- 
columns of important political news— which all are anxious read is as plainly written in tlie Constitution as any stitutional controversies, and wc divide upon them 
to read iu tho present crisis of tho country—we are compelled other of Its provisions; into majorities and minorities. II the minority will 
to resign a portion of the space devoted to Horticultural mat- ' N '" P p '' sor ‘ »>cld to service or labor in otic State, „„t acquiesce, tile majority must, or the Government 
ter. This will account for the non-appearance of several U,c law * 'bte'cuf. escaping into arm her, Shall, must cease. Tlu-re IS no alternative for continuing 
, _ . _. in con&cilttenct* ot any law or regulation therein, be tho: Government bnt acnmcMcenco on throne aide or 
matters prepared for this number, lor which our friends may d jacitargcd from such service or labor, but shall he the other. If a minority in such a case will secedo 
he looking. delivered up on claim of the party to whom service rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent, which, 
♦ or labor may I"' dm." ' in turn, will ruin and divub- them, for« minority of 
Tt lK 8carc flJy questioned tbut this provision was their own will Hcoede from them whenever a majority 
iUUl intended by those who made it lor the reclaiming ol require to be controlled by ‘-neh a minority. For in- 
wliat wc cull fugitive slaves, and the intention of the stance, why won't any portion of a new confederacy 
(irowixo CRAvnKuuiHs. — B v rending an article in the last l«w given, is the law. All members of (’ongress a year or two hence arbitrarily secede again preoifhdy 
volume of tin? Kural« by K. sta\to.v, of Bay City. Miob. T I bavguu their support ^ w bolo (oustitution, to Uus portious of Mic [ireflPiit I 'nion claim to Bocedefrom 
was induced to get u few cranberry plants in try my Im-k in provision us much as any other. To the proposition, j b y \|| sv Im cherish disunion sentiments arc now be 
that line I went thirty miles into Canada, into a wild marsh, then, that slaves whose cases come within the terms ; ll( . educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is 
and got about two hundred plants, and set them out aboiit 0 f this clause, “ shall be delivered up,” their oath# there such a perfect identity of interest, among the 
Arc,...U » r . c«»» •» to l.™d»co"l,.r- 
in length last summer, nnd in the full I picked thirty well Now, il they would make Hit i.lloit m good tempt i, uinnv ijuly and prevent, renewed secession f 
grown berries from'he vines, I p tan ted last May. linn any could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame Ulitinly the cent nil Ui&a of secession is the essence 
any beat that? if so, let iih hear tom them. I wish to hear and pass a law by means of which to keep good that anarchy. A majority held in restraint by eonsti- 
fruni Home experienced hand hnw long and what time of the nnl ,niinous oath? There is some difference Of opinion tutlonal check and limitation, and always changing 
fl'e'iSV to 1 tii c W t rt on tT-’ Vi i vulu nd bt- ^ent clcar"o[ whether this clause should he enforced by National f , Bflily w itli deliberate changes of popular opinions 
grass the whole time it is kpetfoi the purpe»s of ccimbei dos; or State authorities. But surely that distinction is a nd nenlimerits, i> the only true sovereign ol a free 
Of will tlrn plant! Imop themselves right alter a while? Please not a very material one. If the shive be surrendered, IH .„ p | 0> Whoever rejectH it does ot necessity tly to 
answer, and oblige a new beginner in tho cranberry culture, jt can bo of little consequence to him or to others by anarchy or despotism. Unanimity is I in possible. - 
—Ami aiiam Wit'mrr, Suspension Hrttli/e, A 1'., 1801. which authority it la* done, and should any one, in The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, 
We have had no extensive experience iu craiiben v culture, any case, be content thill this oath shall go unkept. j H wholly inadmi-.sable, so that rejecting the majority 
though we have done a little in this way. When the plants an a merely unsubstantial controversy an to how it principle, atm re by or despotism in some form or 
get pretty thorough nosseiuian of the ground, they are said should be kept? ,, other is all tllflt is left. 
to overcome ti,„ weeds w - . ut help. Now plantations , Again, in any Jaw upon the subject, ought not all f d ,-, not forget the position assumed by some, that 
, , , ‘ , * , . the safeguards ol liberty known m civilized and Im eonstitutiomil questions are to be decided by the bu 
n-qm.v a go d deal of >'• f -p them clean. M e do not j mM( , j„ r i*p, «dence to he introduced, ho that a free Court, nor do 1 deny that, such decisions must 
believe it ueren-joy 1 -. iu-,. % t I d it d.me. Ho j t(>|4|| p ( . qot j n anv case surrendered on ft slave t Ami hiuditre In BVtiry *Mtec t»p*-n parties U) a suit ns to 
spring or the year is the best lime. Where spring frosts are | m |g] u ,t no t he well at the same time to provide by t | ie object of that suit. While they are also entitled 
common, they am Hooded to preserve the blossoms. law for the enforcement of that clause of the Consti- l0 v ,. r y high respect and consideration in all parallel 
I have ft piece of swampy land of about half an acre in ".Mon which guarantees that “ the citizens of ouch 'by all Other departments of the Government; 
tlrtul to the plants; ami should the ground he kept clear ol 
iztiiss the whole time it is kp"t for tfic purpose of cniolii n io«; 
or will the plan 1-3 keep themselves riglitaftera while? Please 
answer, auu oblige a new beginner in the cranberry culture. 
— Aiuiamam Wit.mer, Suspension Hrtitf/e, ,V T., lSlil 
owing to the unprepared state Ot the soil, an I 1 hack .a piece ol swampy land ol about mill an acre in 
, ,, ,, . extent, and wish to turn It tn profitable account,. How will 
improper method ot planting and cropping the mtlds i ausvyor to set it with ci-antwrrfos, a** it can lie earily Hooded 
close to the trees immediately after they are planted; , in winter? How shall I cultivate them? When is it best to 
turning out, to be spurious varieties; the want of a 
proper knowledge of tlie nature of trees by farmers, 
and the ravages of insects by tho destruction of 
insectivorous birds; the plundering of orchards by 
crowds of Subbath-breakers around cities, towns and 
villages; the extravagant prices of grain and dairy 
produce at times, stimulating farmers to their exclu- 
in winter? How shall I cultivate them? When is. it best to 
act the plants—in spring or fill? As the piece of land is on 
the front of my farm, f wish to ornament. It as much n« posRi 
hie h.v settlin' Duloim Firs about the outside. Will the 
plants do well where there i« shade?—A SriiKCfiliiKR, sly/-. C. 
It'., I88i. 
Some of our readers have had much more experience with 
tlie cranberry than we have, and we leave this question with 
them. We have always planted in the spring. There is no 
difficulty in transplanting. No plant roots more freely than 
the cranberry. 
the safeguards of liberty known In civilized and hu¬ 
mane jurisprudence tn Im introduced, ho that a Ircc 
man lie not in any case surrendered a# ft slave? Ami 
might if not Iu* well at tho same time to provide by 
law lor tlie enforcement of that clause of the Consti¬ 
tution which guarantees that “the citizen# of each 
State alialI lie entitled to all the privileges and immu¬ 
nities of citizens m tin* several Staten.” 
I take the official oath to day with no mental reser¬ 
vations, and With no purpose to construe the Consti¬ 
tution or laws by any hypercritical rules and while 1 
do not choose now to specify particular act# of Con¬ 
gress as proper to be enfon ed, I do suggest that it 
f do not forgot tin* position assumed by some, that 
eonstitoMonul questions are to be decided by the Su¬ 
preme Court, nor do 1 deny that such decisions must 
he binding in evttry > 1431 ,* upon parties to a suit as to 
tlie object of tlmt suit. While they are also entitled 
to very high respect and consideration in all parallel 
discs by all other department# of the Government; 
and while it is obviously possible that such decision 
may lie erroneous in any given case, '-till tin* evil 
elVe’cts following if being limited to that particular 
case, with the chance tbut it may be overruled, and 
never become a precedent for other cases, can better 
bn borne than could tin* evils of a different practice. 
At the same time tlie candid citizen must, confess 
day dress, and is the center of attraction for days sive production, and blinding them to the import- ' it bo otoLteel go^ed 
«« «««»«* . . . . S ‘ - r rtations, to conform to and abide by all those acts 
the cranberry than we have, and we leave this question with ^ unrcill . a lod. than to violate any of them, 
t,hpm. We have always planted in the spring. Ibero is no t,o find impunity ill having them held to be 
difficulty in transplanting. No plant roots more freely than lim . 01 |,4jtutionftl. 
the cranberry. __ It. i# seveuty-two years since the first inauguration 
of ft President under our national constitution. IHi- 
IrtowKit for Najir.-I inclose you a Mower and some rillJ , that period fifteen different aud greatly distil.- 
leaven, and WII 1 bo thankful ,r you w. I favor me with inter 1 * , } t(/onfl havi . Hiiccession admim-Lered the 
fiuilwtri nnciri ilia itv. ti:ilm> hfttV r infl IV1 k HILTI he I)UtjiiriMI. iMlIBUnU l.lvIGt.un lltv» 
will be lunch .safer for nil, both in official and private +v ul |, jf Mie policy of tlie government upon a vital 
ft 4 _1 .1.1,1.. V.. ..it il.A .. . ... . . " . « 1 I - A I :__ 
or weeks, when it gives place to another candidate 
for admiration. 
In making the laicn, thoroughness is particularly 
necessary, for we do this for a permanent work. 
Any error or neglect in this respect cannot be reme¬ 
died without destroying what we have done and com¬ 
mencing anew. The soil for a lawn should be dug 
two feet deep, if wc wish it to make good turf and 
keep tolerably green during our warm summers, and 
anCO of fruit culture, as they thus get a yearly return 
for their labor. When farmers’ mind# become as 
strongly imbued with the importance of fruit tree 
culture as they are now with politics, then the 
country will be studded with flourishing and profit¬ 
able orchards. 
ami whether Die Mower hrtoin.s to the moss like leaves I 
send with It? Till-re are two other color-, white and in ok. 
and being a great admire) nf Mower*, would like to obtain 
some of this kind, but am entirely ignorant of its name and 
nature, or whether 1 must obtain tla* seed or the roots. 
Please, enlighten roe.—MitK. E. (i. 3., Hast Randolph. N. 
The Mower sent us is nGn/iphnUum. and tho leaves supposed 
to belong to it are branches of * common moss. Wc judge 
executive brunch of the government. They have 
conducted it through every peril, and generally with 
great success. Vet, with all this scope for precedent, 
f now enter upon tin- same task for tho brief cotteUMi 
tfonal term of four years, under great and peculiar 
difficulties. 
A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only 
menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold that 
mencing anew. The soil for a lawn should bo dug How is such a change to be effected? It may be both were taken from a winter bouquet, and if not made iu j n contemplation of universal la w and of tlie Con- 
two feet deep, if we wish it to make good turf and effected |, v imparting information to farmers in a France, the ttewm* probably cum* from that country Their citation, the Union of these States is perpetual, 
i - * i • , | J , , natural color i * white., but the French ^tuin them of various IVriK'tuitV I. - * impiHMl, il nut. fcXTjreBBCu* iti tufi tiinuii* 
keep tolerably green during our warm summers, and p ] ain and sociable style as to the best way to produce ^ ftnd , nakn l|ipm up wjth L „„ ws aml mf)SBi into wr « at h«, mental law of ail national governments, it. is safe to 
it should be well enriched with rotted manure. Be tree fruits profitably. Toll them bow to renovate a hoa tB &0 w „ bav „ a natlVt - GwuWtim growing on our assert that no government ever had a provision in its 
careful and not use fresh manure full of the seeds neglected orchard, nnd how to prepare tlie soil for a comm0n ’ ltI „, bv tho road-dde« The GmphaHwi I# a i-r-n organic law# for its own termination. Continue to 
of weeds, or it will cause trouble. In the first place young orchard; how and when to plant the trees, nialnlant. and waakent forsate bynurserymo.., butnow w« execute JU1 too_express provisions oi our nauona. 
We have a native (inapludimn growing on our I asscil that uo governinfint evei h.ul a piovisioii 
* ■ IJUU( 1 UITI.CS, ObU, Uftvr aumi" WII VMM .- V , 4 t' V #* 4 - ri 
neglected orchard, and bow to prepare tlie soil for a uomnj0ng ail( | b y tho rnad-ld-'- The Grmphahm / lx a p-ron organic tow« for its ^ 
young orchard; how and when to plunt the trees, I nial plant, aad was kept for sate by nurserymen, but now wo 
execute all the e 
Constitution, and 
acts question, affecting the whole people, is to be irrevoc- 
mm, a i,lv fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, tho 
-o be instant they are made, in ordinary litigations between 
parties in personal actions, the people will have 
ition <.,^#01 to be tlu-ir Own, ujiless having to that extent 
I Jo- practically resigned their government into tin- hand# 
#tin* of that deservedly eminent tribunal. Nor is there in 
1 'be this view anv assault upon the Court or tlie Judges, 
have ( t fa ft duty,* from which they may not shrink, to 
with | d ec|(|e cases properly hrongbt before them, aud it is 
dent, Il0 fault of theirs if others seek to turn their deci- 
stiMi sions to political purpose#. 
! nliar One section of our country believes slavery is 
right and ought to be extended; while tlie other 
only believes It is wrong and ought not* to be extended, 
that This is the only substantial dispute. The fugitive 
Con- idavo clause Of tlie Constitution, and the law tor tlie 
itual. suppression of the foreign slave trade, are each a# 
urida- w ,.|] enforced, perhaps, as any law can lie in a com 
ife to uiuuily where the inoral sense of the people i in per 
in lls fuctiy supports the law itself. The great body of the 
tie to people abide bv every legal obligation, in both 
express provisions of our national CflSe s F and n tew break over in each. This, i think, 
d the Union will endure forever, it cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in 
walk without having it apparent that you took great 
pains to avoid a straight walk, then make it straight. 
Dig out the soil from the walks to a depth of from 
twelve to eighteen inches, and use the earth thus 
obtained in filling up low places. Then dig the 
ground intended for the lawn to lire depth stated, 
rake off the stones and throw in the walks. If enough 
is not obtained in this way, procure stones in some 
other way sufficient to fill the walk to within about 
four inches of the surface. Plant shrubs aud trees, 
and when this is done, rake the lawn ground level 
originate new varieties, publish only the truth as to 
their merits. Councilmen of cities, pass enactments 
for all kinds of fruits to be sold under their proper 
names. There was such a law in Albany, N. Y., 
twenty-four years ago, and the citizens generally 
j interested themselves about it, and procured fruits 
with their proper names from different places, gave 
them to the market clerks to compare with fruits 
sold, and all who could not name their fruits had 
them named for them. This brought hosts of fruit 
dealers from New York city to purchase the fruits by 
name, and created such a stimulus to fruit culture 
Daiikks fi.ijm Tkkk. I do not wish lo trouble you with 
inquiries- but ns you alwny* rein willing to answer them for 
tho benefit of your reader!, t will make a few for the tirst 
time*. Oau ft barren plum tree be made tu bear fruit v if so, 
wliftt kind of treatment would it require ? Would the liberal 
owe of the pruning knife le of any benefit? \Ve have a tine 
tree which is about fix year- of age, hot il iu- never vet 
homo ft single pltl|ir. It uppixirr to be 11 healthy one in every 
respuct, —YOt'Xo Sciiscitiiir.it. 
If your tree is in a rich soil, ftnd making a vigorous growth 
of wood, pruning the roots might induce fruitfulness. Prun¬ 
ing the brauohea in June, when iu full leaf, would he very 
likely also to Induce the formation of fruit bud.- It is not 
best, however, Hi be in too great a hurry for a little fruit. If 
speak, but tines it not require all to lawfully rescind 
it? Descending from these general principles, wc 
find the proposition that, by legal contemplation, 
Min Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of 
the Union itself. 
The I'nion is much older than the Constitution. It 
not remove our r* -pective sections trom each other, 
oor build an impassable w*all between them. A hus¬ 
band arid wife uiuy be divided, divorced, and go out 
from tho presence and beyond the reach ol each 
other, but the different portions of our country can¬ 
not do this. They cannot bnt remain face to face, 
was formed in fact by the articles of association in | an ,.l intercourse*, ’cither amicable or hostile, must 
1771. It Wit# matured and continued in tlie Declara¬ 
tion of Independence in 177b. it was further ma- 
continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make^ 
that intercourse more advantageous, or more satis-* 
tured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States factory, after separation than before? Gan alien# 
expressly plighted and engaged that it should bo makotrcatles easier than friends can make laws? Can 
1 1 . . a . ? I ..*• ... • . 1 ** *?0 . . . J. r. 11 . 4* .1 i . *,. - ^ 1 :.... . 
and smooth. Edge the walks >vlth a narrow piece of that thousands of farmers planted out orchards at 
turf, taking care not to place it higher than the sur- , mce _ 
lor u little truit. it | orda i n j n g and establishing tlm Constitution was to 
you have planted a good tree of a tine variety, the delay iti form it more perfect. Union. But if the destruction 
fruiting will doubtless he to the advantage of the tree, and in 0 f (| u -. Union by one, or a part only, of the State# bt 
the end to your own profit. „ lawfully possible, the Union i# less than before, the 
face of the lawn. Then sow thickly Kentucky Blue 
Grass or Red Top, or both mixed, at the rate of about 
three or four bushels to the acre. After this is done, 
bow a little white clover, at the rate of about half a 
pound to the acre, or more. Then rake all in. Now 
level off the stones in the walk, making the top pretty 
level with stones of smaller size, and cover with 
about four inches of gravel. Make the road full. It 
should not be more than half an inch below the turf 
at the edges, aud raised toward the center, which 
I say to every farmer in the land, plant out young 
orchards, or renovate your old ones. They will 
make you rich, the country rich, and exalt the 
national character. We have quadrupled our pro¬ 
duction of grain within the last quarter of a century; 
let us now turn our attention to the culture of tree 
fruits, and we will soon be enabled to export as much 
of them as we do now of grain, aud when you are 
old and leaning upon your staff, your descendants 
will flock around you to get a feast of fruits from the 
will make the walk rounding. The work is now parental orchard.—W alter Eli.ek, Philadelphia, Pa. 
done. It is best to prepare and sow the lawn as ♦ . — 
early as possible in the spring, so that the grass seeds ^ HreHitstil ST 
will have the benefit of spring showers. Iftbeweeds XfUrTvCUlTMtiU 
appear pretty thick, it is best to weed them out by 
, , .. , , , , , , Tub Phacu Buds. —We have continued our observations m 
hand, particularly docks and other perennial weeds, 1 , .... ( ,,, ,, , , . . t . 
, . . , : „ . regard to the condition of the peach Duds, and find them in 
but annual weeds can be prevented from maturing in Wertcrn New york, more than at first we were dis- 
seed by mowing, and ol course none will appear next poged ( 0 hc-lieve. There may be a few raved near the lake 
season. It the ground is in good order and sown ghore, or in close proximity to some of our inland lakeB, and 
early, by June the grass will look quite well, and the in a few favored localities, but the crop is gone, 
second season will l>s in fine order. It should be Tint following, from a well known and careful fruit grower, 
mown occasionally during the first summer. The is important and rather startling: 
walks, when constructed as described, may be kept Ena * R»«AL:-Kro» an examination made on my ground* 
in order with little trouble, and will be perfectly dry. of the ""T ° f *£7?'"*, £* 
Wiu.ow for il Klimts.—A subscriber wishes to know wheth¬ 
er Osier Willow will make good hedging for field fences, and 
if so, where can the willows be got ? Will the willow grow 
from cuttings? if Ho, what lime must they he cut, and how 
planted? Is the bunch viltow, that grows along streams, 
Osier ? — K. H N . A r . J'. 
Some of the basket willows, or Osiers, may make a good 
fence if properly cut back ; but their chief value for basket- 
making is their talk slender growth, which would be an ob 
j notion for hedge-making. Tlie common yellow willow, we 
beiteve, is the one used at the West. Cuttings of willow, 
stuck in the ground in the spring of the year, will grow. 
Cambrioov. Bota-Mc OajuiE.v Ckai'K —Can von Inform me 
as to tlie quality anti habit! of the Cambridge Jtotariic Garden 
Grape, whether it is hard; or not, or will ripen on the south 
side of a wall ? One was <(<nt ;r* ft present to me, anil! am at 
a loss where to place it, or whether it is a No. 1 grape.—.rt*n- 
SCRIBKR, Glen Cove. 
The Cu/mbridge /lolartic Garden Grape i- a foreign variety, 
and is generally known as the Stack Prince. It is touch dis- 
posed to shank, and its cu tore iu the open ground, we think, 
would be labor lout. 
Tint E.xtii.lSil WaLXHT &c.— Can you, or any of your 
numerous subscribers, give me any information or experience 
or the 1. moil by one, ot* a part oiiiv, m me niaut# n«* 
lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, tho 
Constitution having lost tlie vital element of per- 
Petuily* . _, ____ 
perpetual, by the articles of confederation in I77 k, treaties be more faithfully enforc-d between alien# 
'* and finally, in 1787, one of tlie declared object# for than Laws can among friends? Suppose you go to 
,t- 11 ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to Wltr . Y'oiJ cannot fight always; and whenever, with 
lay in form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction niU cli loss on both sides, and no gain on either, you 
ind in 0 f tj, ft Union by one, or a part only, of the State# be C4JlWe fighting, then the identical question# a# to 
, lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, tlie terms of intercourse are again upon you. This 
Constitution having lost tlie vital element of per* country, with its institutions, belongs to the people 
rheth petuity. who inhabit it Whenever they shall grow weary of 
*• an '! It follows from these views that no State upon Its t fi c cx j H t,lng government, they can exercise their 
ii/ow own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union, constitutional right of amending, or their rcvolu- 
.,, am> that resolve# or ordinances to that effect arc legally tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. 
void, ftnd that acta ol' violence within any State or I cannot be Ignorant of the fact that many worthy 
good States against the authority of the United State# are and patriotic-citizens are desirous of having the Na- 
usket- insurrectionary and revolutionary according to cir tional Constitution amended. While I make no re- 
m ob chmstances. I, therefore, consider that, in view of commendation of amendment, and fully recognize 
‘ the Constitution and tho laws, the I 'nion is not i.lu- full authority of the people over tho whole sub- 
v " "" broken, and, to tlie extent of my ability, i shall take Jec t, to be exerci-ed in either of the modes prescribed 
allow, Clir0| the Constitution Itself ^ expressly enjoins m tho instrument itrelf, I should, under existing dr- 
*'• upon me, that the laws of the Union be* faithfully curastane.es, favor rather than oppose a fair opportu- 
executed in all Urn States. Doing this, 1 deem it, to n p y being afforded the people to act upon It. 1 will 
'a-'tei he only a simple duty on my part. 1 shall perfectly venture to add that to me the Convention mode seems 
south i perform it so far as is practicable, unless my rightful preferable, in that it leave# amendment# to originate 
am at masters, the American people, shall withhold the with the poople themselves, instead of only permit 
-.-ten- requisite authority, or in soul© authoritative manner ting them to lake or reject proposition# originated by 
direct tho contrary. others not ©Apedally chosen for the purpose, and 
iriety, 1 trust thi# will not bo regarded a# a menace, but which might not precisely suit, as they would wish 
:b dis- only a# the declared purpose of the 1 nion that it will other# to accept or refuse. 
constitutionally defend and maintain itself. In doing 
this there need be no bloodshed or violence, and 
there shall be none unless it is forced upon tho 
national authority. 
The power confided to me will be used to hold, 
in regard to grafting the shell bark, or hickory nut? Also, rjccu . (y and the property and place# belong- 
t„.. *** Jl , u«„ «*, ***«.Kat rs’iif ts 
others to accept or roluse. 
I understand a proposed amendment to the t ’onsti- 
tion—wliieh amendment, however, I have not seen— 
has passed Congress, to the effect, that the Federal 
Government shall never interfere with the domestic 
institution# of States, including that of persons held 
to service. To avoid misconstruction of what 1 have 
sail), I depart from my purpose not to speak of parti* 
eiilar amendments, so far as to say that holding such a 
provision a# implied constitutional law, 1 have no 
walks, when constructed as described, may be kept i ™ *“•*--*• -. . . J - -- -, impofits; but beyond what may be necessary for tlu-se ' eular amendments, solar asto -ay ip. noiuing suen a 
in order with little trouble, and will he perfectly dry. of the b,1<bi of fruits ’ ,V,r lLe |,arp T of deWl ™ " in * Tin- English walnut httb* tender m this lat.todex>hen th ,. r ,. wiU be n0 invasion, no using of force provision us implied constitutional law, 1 have no 
1 | “ i prospect for fruits the coaiag reason, l aw pretty fully of the young, and the eutla ot t.ae shoot* are injured m the winter, jurqjQ*), qramuug tho people anywhere. objection tn its lining made express and irrevocable, 
sometime# a little gras# will spring up along the <; p iuioa that Isabella Grapes, as well as /‘caches, liavo HuihTcd If the tree make* a very rapid succulent growth, it sometimes When hostility to the United State# shall be so The Chief Magistrate derives all hi# authority from, 
edges, but this can lie destroyed by a sprinkling of tllt< „. ll[1( , f atal effects from frost, ou the memorable Thursday suffera rather severely, as it grow* older, it becomes more great and so universal a# to prevent competent resi- the people, and they have conferred none upon him 
dry salt, though occasionally it is well to use the hoe night, few of the old varieties or grape#, except the Clinton, hardy. There is a dwarf ninety that bear* very early, and in dent citizen# from holding the Federal office#, there to fix the terms for the separation of the State#. The 
and remove any earth that may have washed from the 1 standing in exposed place#, but have sullered »evcrely in thi# the most suitakl*-for gardens, called Dwarf Prolific. will be no attempt, to .ore© obnoxious slrangei# I *' - 111 P J K‘- 8‘-J 
(Concluded on page 82.1 
