pTURE 
TTag R i c u l t u r r 
t SINGLE NO. P'OTJli CENTS 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1861 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEKKLT 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
and add three pounds of sulphate of zinc, (white 
vitriol.t stirring the whole to incorporate it thorough¬ 
ly. The wash should be of the consistency of thin 
paint, and may he laid on with a whitewash or other 
brush. The color is pale stone color, nearly white. 
Ifyonwishit to be Btraw color, add yellow ochre, 
two ponnds in powder; if drab, add four pounds raw 
umber. 
Another good wash is made as follows:—Slake lime 
with hot water, in a tub, to keep in the steam. When 
dissolved, and in a half fluid stale, pass itthrough a 
fine seive. Take six quarts of this lime and one 
quart of clean rock salt for each gallon of water—the 
salt to be dissolved by boiling, and the impurities to 
be skimmed off. To live gallons of this mixture, 
(salt and lime,) add one pound of alum, half a pound 
of copperas, three-fourths of a pound of potash, (the 
last to he added gradually,) four quarts of line 
sand, or hard wood ashe3. Add coloring matter to 
suit the fancy. 
A correspondent of the Country Gentleman gives 
the following:—One bushel unslaked lime; halt a 
gallon salt; three pounds alum, powdered; three 
pounds saleratns. Mix and put in a tight barrel with 
one head out. If the lime is quite fresh, cold water, 
—if not, then use hot water. Keep stirring while 
slaking, adding water as required, so as not to become 
dry atany time. If it heats dry, it becomes lumpy, 
and must not be overflowed with water so as to pre¬ 
vent the slaking going on. Stir np well from the 
bottom. When finished, it may be thick as mush. 
When to be applied by a brush, make the mixture 
the consistency of whitewash,—about the thickness 
of cream. Apply the tirst coat very thoroughly, 1111- 
The winter vetch is sometimes denominated a 
‘•stolen crop," because it intervenes between the 
regular crops in a rotation, and Is grown out of the 
ordinary course. Thus, winter vetches grown on a 
grain stubble, are consumed in sufficient time to 
permit the land to be sown with turnips. 
As the production of a large bulk of stems and 
leaves isthe principal object when vetches are grown 
for forage purposes, it is obvious that the land ought 
to he in good heart and clean. land is rich, it 
may not be necessary to apply dung previous to sowing 
the seed, and we may depend only on the after use of 
guano, &e., for promoting the growth of the crop; 
but when the land is only in moderate condition, ten 
or twelve loads of farm-yard th ug per statute acre 
must be spread, and plowed in before sowing. 
Vetches are sometimes sown on clover ley, but 
generally after a grain crop. If r.he land is foul, it 
must he scarified and cleaned, then dunged and 
plowed, after which the seed is sown broadcast and 
harrowed in; the water-furrows between each ridge 
being cleaned out by the plow. The seed is also 
sown by the drill machine, the land 'icing previously 
harrowed line, a turn of the harrows al ter the drill 
completing the operation. Prom two bushels to two 
and a half bushels of seed are required to sow a 
Btatute acre, according to the condition of the hm,l- 
CONDUCTED BY D. X). T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful iu Appearance. Its Conductor devotee hie per¬ 
gonal atteirftou to flip tnpervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rcral an eminently 
Reliable Gnidn on all tbe important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects intimately connected with the business of 
those wbo*c interests it sealottHly advocates. As a Family 
Journal it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining—being 
go conducted that it can be safely taken to the Hearts and 
Homes of i>eople of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educa¬ 
tional, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate 
and beautiful Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering 
it the most complete Agricultural, Literary and Family 
Newspaper in America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
IMPROVED STRAIGHT UlfvAHT PLOW 
Among the patents issued under the new law, the 
Improved Straight Draft Plow of Messrs. Uulofson 
I>e Gakmo, of this city, is one of the most valuable. 
Having witnessed a trial of this implement last sea¬ 
son, we can speak with some confidence of Its value, 
and take pleasure in presenting an illustration and 
brief description of it as recently improved. We 
considered the plow, as first invented and used, wor¬ 
thy of conmieadatiou, and think the change will 
enhance its value and popularity. The patentees 
thus apeak of the Plow as now manufactured: 
“ It is perfectly adapted to two or to three horses, 
the draft in either case being on a line with the land- 
side. The beam is shown in the cut as adjusted for 
three horses, and by loosening the nnts on the top of 
the beam it may lie moved parallel, laterally, tbward 
the mold-hoard, for two horses, when the coulter or 
jointer, us the case may be, should be changed to the 
opposite side of the beam. The slots, through which 
the clamping bolts pass, being open from side to 
side, renders it unnecessary to remove them in order 
to make said changes. This plow is commended 
in the very highest terras by all who have used or 
even tried it.” 
— For further particulars relative to this improve¬ 
ment see advertisement of the proprietors. 
Entered according to act of Congresg, in the year 1361, bv 
0. D. T. Moors, in the Office of the Clerk of the District 
Court for tbe Northern District of New York. 
Our only object in copyrighting this paper is to secure 
what every honorable journalist wifi freely grant—proper 
credit for articles selected from its pages. Any and every 
journal is at liberty, and invited, to copy freely, by crediting 
each original article or illustration to Rural New- Yorker. 
meats had been performed, and though he was 
esteemed good, even where speed was the requisite, 
so much ground was lost before motion was attained 
that winning was an impossibility. No drug can 
reach the parts affected, and veterinarians pronounce 
it ineurable. Once exhibited, it never disappears 
except with life. High-spirited, nervous horses, are 
most subject to attack. Where the disease is the 
result of debility, the general health may be im¬ 
proved, aiiti if r. iAAMi t\.v. Hirtsj.h., be 
daily rubbed with the following embrocation: Lin- 
sood oil, one pint; spirits of hartshorn, two ounces; 
flue mustard, one-half ounce. Administer, as medi¬ 
cine, one ounce each of powdered golden seal, pow¬ 
dered gintran, cream tartar, charcoal, and one-half 
ounce of assafietida. Mix these, divide into eight 
parte, and give one, moruing and evening, in the food. 
the animal have a tablespoonful of sulphur in the 
food, for three Or font days in succession; in the 
meantime annoint the affected parts daily, with a 
portion of the following: — Cod liver oil, Bounces; 
sublimated sulphur, 2 ounces. Mix, and apply by 
means of u sponge. In the course of four or five 
days wash the surface of the body with warm water 
and soap, and then give the body a thorough spong¬ 
ing with the following: Lime water, 1 quart; Sub- 
Lmated '■wTpTirr, 2 ounces. This treatment generally 
cures the most inveterate eases. 
Faint for Out-Bnildings. 
Lim. Rural New Yorker:—W ill you please inform me 
the bent method to make white-wash forout biiildiugn, fences, 
Ac., Unit will stand the weather?—A. C., Mimieapolis, Min., 
■ 1861 . I 
Elis Rural New-Yorker: — t avail myself of the supo - 
rior advantage of your valuable paper for obtaining a, recipe 
for making a wash or coating for the outaido of buildings. 
Many years stnee I saw in a paper a recipe for making the 
kind of wash which was need on the outside of the President’s 
house, familiarly known as the White nouse, at Washington, 
D. C., and which was represented to be more impervious 
and durable than paint. Sow, if you or any of your numer¬ 
ous correspondents will produce that recipe, or any other 
equally good, you wi II greatly oblige a subscriber. As I have 
Bevertl outbuildings ivhieh I wish to serve with such a coating 
this spring, the answers to the following questions would be 
thankfully received. 1st. Should the composition be hot or 
cold? ‘dll. How can the white composition be changed to a 
straw color, to a yellow or flesh color? 3d. If more than 
one coat is necessary, how many? 4. What is the beat season 
in the year for putting on the wash, &c.? Any information 
on this subject will oblige — Alkx. Mc<b, Cherrywood, Nortii 
Pelham , CL IF., March, 1861. 
VV ater-lime and linseed oil we have seen aBed as a 
paint for out-buildings, and after being on a year, it 
appeared as good as new. Whether it proved durable, 
we cannot say, but perhaps some of our readers can 
inform us. Gas tar makes a most durable paint for 
out-buildings, preserving the wood to which it is 
applied, for an indefinite time. Indeed, we think a 
coating every few years would make wood almost in¬ 
destructible, except by fire. The tar is so black that 
it is almost impossible to affect its color by anv pig- 
ment that we have tried. In Europe, however, it is 
made, by some process, of a chocolate color, and is 
used to a great extent for farm sheds, feuces, Ac. 
The recipe, which was published pretty generally, 
for a wash such as was said to lie used on the Presi¬ 
dent’s house, we have not been able to find, but if our 
recollection serves us right, it was made of lime, 
ground rice, and skimmed milk. We give a number 
of good recipes for making the wash desired by our 
correspondents. They may be put on cold, and the 
color changed to suit the taste, by any cheap coloring 
materials to be found at tbe stores where painters’ 
materials are sold. A second coat is generally neces¬ 
sary. If the weather is fine, without rain or dust, 
these washes may be put on at any time, but oil- 
paints should be used when tbe weather is cold, so 
that the oil will form a hard body on the surface, and 
not soak into the wood, as it will in a hot day, leav¬ 
ing tbe lead on tbe surface, to be washed ofi' by the 
rains. 
Two quarts skimmed milk; 2 oz. fresh slaked lime; 
5 lbs. wbitiDg. Put the lime into a stoneware vessel, 
pour upon it a sufficieiit qnantity of milk to make a 
mixture resembling cream, the balance of the milk is 
then to be added; and lastly the whiting istlien to be 
crumbled and spread on ihe surface of the fluid, in 
which it gradually sinks. At this period it must be 
well stirred in, or ground, as you would other paint, 
and it 1 b lit for use. There may be added any color¬ 
ing matter that suits tbe fancy. It is to be applied 
in tbe same manner as other paints, and in a few 
hours it will become perfectly dry. Another coat 
may then be added, and so on, until the work is com¬ 
pleted. I bis paint is of great tenacity, and possesses 
a slight elasticity, which enables it to bear rubbing 
even with a coarse woolen cloth, without being in 
the least injured. It has little or no smelL, even 
when wet, and when dry is perfectly inodorous, it 
Golds among bnullm—Sore-Mouth. 
Eos. Rural New-Yorker: — I would inquire through 
yonr valuable paper, If you, or some of your numerous sub¬ 
scribers, would tell out what, alls my lambs, and what will 
euro them? They have been sick six weeks, were taken w.th 
soro lips, run at the nose and the eyes. When 1 first discov¬ 
ered the sort! lips, I put tar on them, and now the lips are 
well and the flow of the. nostrils is lessened, — A SciiSCRIUER, 
Piftim, Or/mns Co., A' Y. IStJl. 
During winter, sheep that are exposed, or whose 
shelters are imperfectly constructed, arc subject to 
Coryza, or cold, and experience much difficulty be¬ 
cause of the excess of mucus, which clogs the nasal 
passages, rendering breathing a laborious operation. 
The eyes, through sympathy, also suffer. Sheep 
often die of suffocation when not relieved. Some¬ 
times the inflammation extends to the bronchial 
organs, and pulmonary consumption results. When 
tbe flock are thus troubled, remove to warm shelters, 
and administer a dose of purgative medicine. Good 
quarters, and wholesome food, are the preventives, 
and are worth a dozen remedies. 
For the sore lips wo know of nothing better than 
what you have already employed. Hog’s lard and 
sulphur will also prove efficient in their treatment. 
vetch-break, at leant, which we intended to bow 
early, dunged when plowed for the winter. When 
the store of farm-yard manure 1 b not more than suffi¬ 
cient for other crops, we must depend upon guano, 
superphosphate, and the other manures already men¬ 
tioned as being suitable for leguminous plants. 
These light manures tray be partly applied at the 
time, of sowing, and harrowed in, and partly left 
until the plants are above ground, when a wet day, 
or when rain is evidently near, should be selected for 
applying them. Thus, half the allowance may be 
applied with the seed, and half when the plants 
are up. The quantity of seed in the case of summer 
vetches required to sow an acre is similar to that 
mentioned in the case of the winter variety, although 
the seeds of the latter are smaller than those of the 
summer kind. Oats are also sown with summer 
vetches. After sowing and harrowing, the land 
should be rolled, so as to make tbe surface level fir 
tbe scythe; but this cannot be done after sowing 
winter vetches, as rolling previous to winter would 
be injurious, particularly if tbe toil is inclined to be 
stiff. All surface stones which would impede the 
scythe must bo removed. In arranging the sowing 
of summer.vetches, the extent sown at one time 
should gradually Increase as tae season advances, 
with longer intervals of time brtween each sowing, 
otherwise the crop would either not be ready when 
wanted, or might get too far ahead before tbe pre¬ 
vious sowing was fully consumed. 
We may mention that if winter vetches are cut 
before showing flower, they will grow again, and 
produce a fair crop of seed; bettor, indeed, than if 
left uncut, as the plants are not so thick, and they 
pod better. 
Stringhalt— Is it Curable? 
I wish the advice of some of your numerous readers, — 
perhaps “Poor Farmer” oan aid me 1 have a fine, smart 
little mare, which is. 1 (ear, affected with strinrjhalt.. She was 
broken very carefully, last fall, — «u not struck a blow, 
except a slight touch of the whip once or twice which a child 
would hardly have felt, — has never plunged nor kicked, and 
never drew a load ia her life. She has never been driven 
o»er had roads, nor had any chance U strain herself, unless 
in jumping in the lot. About three Weeks ago ray brother 
said something was the matter with my colt, and I immedi¬ 
ately sent her to a home dealer in the place, who pronounced 
it a case of Stringhalt, and «aid that there was no cure. I 
Farm Culture of the Pen. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: — I wish information through 
the columns of your valuable paper with regard to the cul¬ 
ture of peas. I have a piece of land on which l wish to sow 
peas. It Jg covered with flint and limestone, and has been 
laying under pasture for the last throe years. Will it increase 
or diminish the crop If it wore manured, and how many 
bushels will it require to the acre. Any information on this 
subject will be gladly received. — A. U., Caledonia , IAv. Co., 
iY. Y, March , 1861. 
A hood sward, well turned over, and dragged, does 
well for the pea. A little well rotted manure would 
help the crop, but too much manure, especially if 
fresh, causes a rank growth of haulm, without in¬ 
creasing the quantity of peas; indeed, wo have often 
found the crop diminished by this course. It is best 
to put the peas in as deep as possible without disturb¬ 
ing sod. Tbe pea is about the only thing that is 
not injured by very deep planting. Was it not for 
the pea-bug, the pea would be a profitable crop to 
precede wheat, as it may be sown early enough to be 
well out of the way of fall sowing. Frost does not 
injure the pea, therefore it maybe sown as curly as 
the ground can be worked, but to avoid the bug some 
delay to plant until the middle or latter part of May. 
win uouriuess receive a xair trial here. Nome years 
since the seed was imported by our seedsmen, but the 
lack of demand discouraged its importation, and 
wc are not oertain seed can be procured here, but 
any quantity can be obtained in Europe, cheap. The 
last number of the Irish Farmer's Gazette contains 
tbe following article on the culture of vetches, which 
at this time we think will prove both interesting and 
instructive to American farmers, for though our cli¬ 
mate In all sections may not be as favorable to their 
growth as that of Great Britain, yet in many parts, 
and particularly on the rich lands of the West, we 
are confident they will be found exceedingly valuable; 
Vetches, or tares, as they are sometimes desig¬ 
nated, are more extensively cultivated for green 
forage purposes than for the sake of the seed. Grown 
in succession ami cut green, they afford a large sup¬ 
ply of most valuable food, relished by every descrip¬ 
tion of domestic/animals. They are also occasionally 
consumed on the ground by sheep folded upon the 
crop, and when this system is practiced, a consider¬ 
ably larger number of sheep can be kept on an acre 
than on a similar extent of the richest pasture, whilst 
the land is enriched by their droppings, particularly 
when an allowance of cake is given to the folded 
sheep. A crop of vetches consumed in this manner, 
and having cake as an auxiliary food, puts the land 
into good condition to produce a crop of wheat, 
besides contributing a large quota towards the supply 
of the moat market. 
Vetches are divided into two classes—(1) the win¬ 
ter vetch, and (2) the summer vetch; these names 
being given from the habits of growth possessed by the 
two varieties, one being hardy and capable of stand¬ 
ing the effects of winter, whilst the other cannot be 
sown until spring. It is considered, however, that 
the distinction arises solely from the mode of culti¬ 
vation which has been practiced with each kind, so 
that If the winter vetches were sown in spring, the 
seed permitted to ripen, and again sown in tbe spring, 
the plant would gradually acquire the appearance 
and peculiarities of summer vetches. The winter 
vetch “iB distinguished by being usually of smaller 
growth, and its pods being-more smooth and cylin¬ 
drical, containing more seeds, and in its general 
habit is like the wild variety” (Lawson). It is es¬ 
sential that those who intend to grow winter vetches, 
should assure themselves that the seed they procure 
is that of the true variety, and the best way is either 
to grow their own seed, or procure it from a respect¬ 
able seedsman, who will not, for his own sake, give 
the buyer anything but tbe seed of the true winter 
vetch. 
HOW NATTJKE AIDS THE FABMER 
“ There are two kinds of matter in the Universe — etherial 
or electrical matter, and gross, or, an it’is frequontly called 
by way of distinction, ponderable matter. Thi> two, how¬ 
ever, may have the name essence, and differ from each other 
only in the aggregation of the atoms of the latter; or, in 
other words, what we call grots matter, may be but a segre¬ 
gation or kind of crvstalJntion of the otboriul matter in defi¬ 
nite masses .—Agricultural Patent Office A’< port, pa:;e 464. by 
Professor Henry. 
Bomb of the operations of nature, in connection 
with Agriculture, are so subtle and secret, that the 
only way we can investigate them is to collate facts 
on which we can found hypotheses, and when an 
hypothesis is found to harmonize with all the facts, 
then we may venture, perhaps, to exalt it to tbe rank 
of a theory. From the front windows of my witting 
room I look dally across the highway on a rivet- 
upland lot of twenty acres. The natural drainage of 
adjacent territory has cut this field into ravines, per¬ 
haps fifty feet deep whore they strike ttie river, and 
consequently the field has a very uneven surface. 
The soil is a sandy clay loam. Some years ago this 
field took its turn in a three year course of wheat and 
clover, but for a number of years it has been perma¬ 
nently used as a sheep pasture. During this last 
term no fertilizer has been applied by mau. Last 
year this lot was summer fallowed and sown with 
wheat. It was obvious, on inverting the sod, that 
the soil had gained iu richness during this period of 
rest, and now the luxuriant, matted, carpet-like 
covering of wheat assures that, barring the midge, 
the chief danger lies in too luxuriant growth. 
Where tbe sheep loved to congregate the soil isevi- 
The bug has then done its work before these late 
planted peas are sufficiently matured for its purposes. 
The objection to this course is that late planted peas 
stiller from the hot sun, often mildew, and seldom 
produce a good erop. Borne, however, succeed with 
late planting. Peas arc usually put in broadcast, 
though drilling ia practiced to some extent, and we 
think it the best practice, as the cultivator can then 
be used. When sown broadcast, about three bushels 
are required for an acre, but less than this quantity is 
needed for drilling. 
Ens. Rural New Yorker:—I wish to inquire if you, or 
any of your numerous readers, can give mo a remedy Tor the 
mad itch that is now prevailing among our cattle and sheep? 
One of oar no; 
lighbors lost a line cow and several head of 
sheep lately, and it is feared that it will run through the 
whole vicinity. Please send the remedy, if any, aud the 
cause, and oblige— A. A. Williams, Holton, Bar. Co., Mo. 
Wk are inclined to the belief that the difficulty 
with your Btock is the Mange, a disease generally 
produced either by poverty or contagion, and is 
owing to the presence of an insect (the acorns) which 
burrows under the skin, and breeds to a great extent. 
An intolerable itching is one of the leading symp¬ 
toms, and thus the affected part becomes sore and 
denuded of hair, and the skin, after a time, becomes 
thickened, and drawn up In folds or whales. The 
treatment consists in rubbing in with plenty of fric¬ 
tion, an ointment containing sulphur, such as the 
following: — Sulphur vivnm l ounces; linseed-oil or 
train-oil 8 ounces; oil of turpentine or oil of tar 2 
ounces. Mix. 
Dr. Dadd attributes the disease to the presence of 
parasites. Hence it can be communicated by contact 
or touch; and is, therefore, contagious.. This latter 
fact suggests the propriety of removing the diseased 
cues. 
animals from the healthy 
Dr. D.’b manner of treatment is as follows: —Let 
il Lansing 
